Anatomy and Anatomy and PhysiologyPhysiology

Objectives:Objectives:1.1. Describe the branches of Describe the branches of

Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and Physiology2.2. Recognize the main functions Recognize the main functions

of each organ system.of each organ system.

Anatomy: The study of Anatomy: The study of STRUCTURESTRUCTURE..

Gross Anatomy:Gross Anatomy: Large, easily observable Large, easily observable

structures. (Ex: Heart, bones)structures. (Ex: Heart, bones) Microscopic AnatomyMicroscopic Anatomy: :

Structures too small to Structures too small to observe with the naked eye.observe with the naked eye. Cytology – the study of cellsCytology – the study of cells Histology – the study of tissuesHistology – the study of tissues

Physiology – The study of Physiology – The study of FUNCTON.FUNCTON.

Ex: Ex: Cardiac PhysiologyCardiac Physiology: study of : study of the function of the heartthe function of the heart

Organization in Living Organization in Living ThingsThings

Cells are made of organic molecules:Cells are made of organic molecules: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and

Nucleic Acids make up the cell and Nucleic Acids make up the cell and organelles.organelles.

AtomsAtomsCellsCellsTissuesTissuesOrganOrganOrgOrgan Systeman SystemOrganismOrganism

Organization in Living Organization in Living ThingsThings

Damage at any level can affect the health and functioning of the organism.

Systems of SupportSystems of Support Integumentary System: The SkinIntegumentary System: The Skin

The external covering of the body, AKA The external covering of the body, AKA skin!!skin!!

Functions: Functions: Waterproofs the body Waterproofs the body Protects the deeper tissues from injury Protects the deeper tissues from injury Excretes salts and urea in perspiration Excretes salts and urea in perspiration Regulates body temperature Regulates body temperature

Systems of SupportSystems of Support

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System Serves as a framework of supportServes as a framework of support Protects internal organsProtects internal organs

Muscular SystemMuscular System Skeletal muscles make up the muscular Skeletal muscles make up the muscular

system.system. Contract/shorten for movement, heat Contract/shorten for movement, heat

productionproduction

Systems of ControlSystems of Control Nervous SystemNervous System

The body’s The body’s fast-actingfast-acting control system control system Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory

receptors. receptors. Endocrine System: Endocrine GlandsEndocrine System: Endocrine Glands

Regulates Regulates gradual gradual changes within the body, with changes within the body, with chemical controllers called chemical controllers called hormoneshormones..

Includes: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Includes: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals, Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovaries, and Testes.Adrenals, Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovaries, and Testes.

Systems that maintain Systems that maintain HomeostasisHomeostasis

Cardiovascular System: Cardiovascular System: Heart, Blood VesselsHeart, Blood Vessels Delivery & transport of Delivery & transport of

gases, nutrients and wastesgases, nutrients and wastes Respiratory System: Respiratory System:

LungsLungs Gas exchange (carbon Gas exchange (carbon

dioxide dioxide oxygen) oxygen) Consists of nasal passages, Consists of nasal passages,

pharynx, larynx, trachea, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.bronchi, and lungs.

Systems that maintain Systems that maintain HomeostasisHomeostasis

Digestive SystemDigestive System Alimentary Canal: Alimentary Canal: A tube running through A tube running through

the body from mouth to anus.the body from mouth to anus. Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrientsBreakdown of food and absorption of nutrients Include mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, Include mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach,

small/large intestines, and rectum.small/large intestines, and rectum. Urinary SystemUrinary System

Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.body in urine.

Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethraurethra

Lymphatic/Immune Lymphatic/Immune System: System: Defends body against Defends body against

pathogens, infection pathogens, infection and diseaseand disease

Reproductive System:Reproductive System: Main function is Main function is

producing offspringproducing offspring Produces gametes (egg Produces gametes (egg

and sperm)and sperm) Male’s R.S includes: Male’s R.S includes:

sperm, testes, scrotum, sperm, testes, scrotum, penis, duct systems.penis, duct systems.

Female’s R.S includes: Female’s R.S includes: Ovaries, eggs, uterine Ovaries, eggs, uterine tubes, vagina, and tubes, vagina, and uterus.uterus.

Systems that maintain Systems that maintain HomeostasisHomeostasis