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Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue

Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

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Page 1: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Anatomy and Physiology

Muscle Tissue

Page 2: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the

human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons to bones and provides the mechanisms for our movement. Smooth muscle generally lines hollow tubes such as found in blood vessels, the respiratory system and the gut. This muscle is controlled by our involuntary nervous system. Finally, cardiac muscle is found in the heart. Contraction of this muscle pumps the heart.

Page 3: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Skeletal muscle structure Muscle is connected to bone via a tendon. We’ve already seen

that tendons are composed of thick collagen. When muscles contract they can move bones and this is the

basis of our movement. Muscles have adequate blood vessels to supply them with fuel

for contraction. Fuel is delivered by an artery, waste products are extracted by veins and the lymphatic system takes waste products back to the heart.

Muscle movement is initiated by a voluntary nerve impulse. When you want to move your leg, your brain sends a message through a nerve, which initiates the muscle contraction process. Branches of the nerve and blood vessels follow the connective tissue components.

Muscles range from very small, such as is found in the middle ear, to very large found in thigh muscles.

Page 4: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons
Page 5: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Skeletal muscle An individual muscle is surrounded by a

sheath of connective tissue called the epimysium (also called the fascia). You may have seen this very thin translucent membrane when you have cut up a piece of steak for eating.

The epimysium extends to connective tissue known as the perimysium and this surrounds subcomponents called fascicles.

Fascicles are bundles of tens or hundreds of muscle fibres.

Page 6: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons
Page 7: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Skeletal muscle Each fascicle is composed of many individual fibres called

myofibres. Each myofibre is packaged with bundles of myofibrils. We will

look at this in more detail when we consider muscle contraction.

In this microscope slide, which is magnified hundreds of times, you can see lots of fascicles (they look like paving stones) and some muscle that has been cut length ways.

Remember that muscle fascicles are composed of many muscle fibres which are in turn composed of bundles of myofibrils.

Page 8: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons
Page 9: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Striated muscle At high magnification (1000 times) one

can see striations in skeletal muscle. This is why skeletal muscle is said to be striated muscle.

We will look at the detail of skeletal muscle when we look at muscle contraction physiology.

Page 10: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons
Page 11: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Smooth muscle Smooth muscle lines pipes in the human

body, such as blood vessels and the respiratory tract. It is controlled by our brain without us thinking about contracting the muscle. Just as well otherwise our bodies would stop working when we were asleep.

Page 12: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Smooth Muscle cells Smooth muscle cells are slender and the

nucleus has a bullet like shape. You can see the nuclei of muscle cells quite clearly in this slide. No striations can be seen at high magnification. This slide shows relaxed smooth muscle. The slide shows contracted muscle and demonstrates that the nucleus actually changes shape when the muscle cell contracts.

Page 13: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons
Page 14: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons
Page 15: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle is a very specialised

muscle. It beats continuously without fatigue all your life and has amazing properties. You can see striations in cardiac muscle. Fortunately for us control of heartbeat rate is achieved without us thinking about our heart beating.

Page 16: Anatomy and Physiology Muscle Tissue. Muscle in the human body There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons

Activity

Draw carefully the microscopic view of skeletal muscle and label it clearly.