Anatomy and Physiology I Muscles that Move the Thigh, Lower Leg, Foot, and Toes Instructor: Mary Holman

Anatomy and Physiology I

Muscles that Move the Thigh, Lower Leg, Foot, and Toes

Instructor: Mary Holman

Muscles that Move the Thigh

2 Anterior• Psoas major

• Iliacus

5 Posterior/Lateral• Gluteus maximus *• Gluteus medius• Gluteus minimus• Tensor fasciae latae• Piriformis *

5 Medial• Pectineus• Adductor brevis• Adductor longus• Adductor magnus• Gracilis

Muscles that Move the Thigh(the Femur)

1 Extensor (Posterior)• Gluteus maximus *

2 Flexors (Anterior)• Psoas major• Iliacus

5 Adductors (Medial)• Pectineus **• Adductor brevis **• Adductor longus• Adductor magnus **• Gracilis

4 Abductors (Post or Lat)• Gluteus medius• Gluteus minimus **• Tensor fasciae latae• Piriformis *

* = know O & I ** = not on your muscle list !

Origin: T12 - L5

Insertion: Lessertrochanter of femur

Action: Flexes thigh

Fig. 9.37a

Psoas majorFig. 9.37f

Psoas minor

Anterior

Origin: Iliac fossa of

ilium


Action: Flexes thigh

Fig. 9.37a

IliacusFig. 9.37g

Anterior

IliopsoasPsoas major Iliacus


Fig. 9.37fFig. 9.37g

Fig. 9.37a

All Anterior

Fig. 9.38c

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Gluteus maximus *Fig. 9.38a

Origin: Ilium, sacrum, & coccyx

Insertion: Glutealtuberosity of femur

Action: Extends hip,abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Lateral

Posterior

Fig. 9.38b

Gluteus medius


Fig. 9.38a

Origin: Lateral

surface of ilium

Insertion: Greatertrochanter of femur

Action: Abducts and rotates thighmedially

Lateral

Fig. 9.38d

Gluteus minimus

Origin: Lateral

surface of ilium

Insertion: Greatertrochanter of femur

Action: Abducts and rotates thighmedially

Lateral

Origin: Anterior superior

Iliac spine ASIS

Insertion: Through Iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of the tibia

Action: Abducts, flexes,and rotates thigh medially,tenses lateral fascia

Fig. 9.37aTensor fasciae latae

Fig. 9.38aAnterior

Lateral

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Fig. 9.38d

Piriformis

Lateral

Origin: Spine of pubis

Insertion: Femur - distal tolesser trochanter

Action: Adducts thigh andflexes hip

Fig. 9.37a

Pectineus

Anterior

Origin: Pubic bone

Insertion: Posterior surfaceof femur

Action: Flexes hip, adducts and laterally rotatesthe thigh

Fig. 9.37c

Adductor brevis

Anterior

Origin: Pubic bone near

symphysis pubis

Insertion: Posterior surfaceof femur

Action: Adducts and laterally rotatesthe thigh and flexes hip

Fig. 9.37a

Adductor longusFig. 9.37d

Anterior

Fig. 9.37e


Adductor magnusFig. 9.37a

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior femur

Action: Adducts thigh andposterior extends hip, anterior flexes hip, mediallyrotates the femur

Anterior

Origin: Lower edge of

symphysis pubis

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia

Action: Adducts thigh, andflexes knee

Fig. 9.37a

Gracilis

Fig. 9.37c

Anterior

Muscles that Move the Lower Leg

4 Flexors

Hamstring Group • Biceps femoris *• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus

4 Extensors

Quadriceps Femoris Group• Rectus femoris *• Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis• Vastus intermedius

• Sartorius

* = know O and I

Origin: Short head - femurLong head - ischialtuberosity

Insertion: Head offibula and lateralcondyle of tibia

Action: Flexes knee,rotates leg laterally,and extends hip

Fig. 9.39c

Biceps femoris* Short head Long head

Fig. 9.39aFig. 9.39b

All Posterior

Biceps femoris* Long head

Fig. 9.39a Fig. 9.38aPosterior

Lateral


Insertion: Medial surfaceof tibia

Action: Flexes knee,

rotates leg medially, and extends hip

Fig. 9.39cFig. 9.39a

Semitendinosus

Posterior


Insertion: Medial condyleof tibia and collateral ligament

Action: Flexes knee,

rotates leg medially, and extends hip

Fig. 9.39b

SemimembranosusFig. 9.39a

Posterior

Origin: Anterior,

superior iliac spine ASIS

Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia

Action: Flexes the kneeand hip, abducts and rotates thigh laterallyand lower leg medially

Fig. 9.37a

SartoriusFig. 9.37b

Anterior

Origin: Spine of ilium and

edge of the acetabulum

Insertion: By commontendon to patella and ontotibial tuberosity through thepatellar ligament

Action: Extends knee

Fig. 9.37a

Rectus femoris *Fig. 9.38a

Patella

Patellarligament

Quadriceps femoristendon (patellar tendon)

Anterior

Lateral

Origin: Greater trochanterand posterior surface offemur



Fig. 9.37a Fig. 9.38a

Vastus lateralisAnterior

Lateral

Origin: Medial surface

of femur



Fig. 9.37a

Vastus medialis

Anterior

Fig. 9.37b

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Anterior and lateralsurfaces of femur



Anterior

Fig. 9.40b

Gracilis

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Sartorius

Vastus medialis

Rectus femoris Adipose tissue

Skin

Adductor magnus

Adductor longus

Great saphenous v.

Femoral v. and a.

Vastus intermedius

Shaft of femur

Sciatic n.

Vastus lateralis

Lateral Medial

Anterior

Long head ofbiceps femoris

Short head ofbiceps femoris

Cross section of the Right Thigh

Muscles that Move the Foot2 Dorsiflexors• Tibialis anterior• Fibularis tertius **

Dorsiflexion

PlantarFlexion

6 Plantar Flexors•Gastrocnemius *• Soleus• Plantaris **• Tibialis posterior**• Fibularis longus• Fibularis brevis**

* = know O and I ** = not on your muscle list !

Origin: Lateral condyle

and lateral surface of tibia

Insertion: Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Fig. 9.41a

Tibialis anteriorFig. 9.41b

Anterior

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Dorsal surface5th metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflexes andeverts the foot

Fig. 9.41c

Fibularis tertius(Peroneus tertius)

Anterior

Origin: Lateral and medial

condyles of the femur

Insertion: Posteriorsurface of the calcaneusvia Achilles or calcanealtendon

Action: Plantar flexesfoot, flexes knee

Fig. 9.43a

Gastrocnemius *Medial head

Lateral head

Fig. 9.42a

Lateral Posterior

Origin: Head and shaftof fibula and posterior surface of tibia

Insertion: Posteriorsurface of calcaneus

Action: Plantar flexesfoot

Fig. 9.43c

SoleusFig. 9.42a

Lateral Posterior

Origin: Posterior lateralcondyle of femur

Insertion: Calcaneus

Action: Plantar flexes foot,flexes knee

Fig. 9.43c Plantaris

Posterior

Origin: Lateral condyle andposterior surface of tibia andposterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal bones

Action: Plantar flexes andinverts foot

Fig. 9.43d

Tibialis posterior

PosteriorView ofLower leg

Origin: Head and shaft of fibula andlateral condyle oftibia

Insertion: Medialcuneiform & 1stmetatarsal bones

Action: Plantarflexes and evertsfoot, supportsarch

Fig. 9.42a Fibularis longus (Peroneus longus)

Fig. 9.42b

Lateral

Origin: Fibula

Insertion: Base of thefifth metatarsal

Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot

Fig. 9.42c

Fibularis brevis(Peroneus brevis)

Lateral

Muscles that Move the Toes

• Flexor digitorum longus

• Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: Posterior surface of

tibia

Insertion: Distal phalangesof four lateral toes

Action: Flexes four lateraltoes, plantar flexes and inverts foot

Fig. 9.43e

Flexor digitorum longus

PosteriorView ofLower leg

Origin: Lateral condyle of

tibia and anterior surface

of fibula

Insertion: Dorsal surfacesof 2nd and 3rd phalangesof four lateral toes

Action: Extends toes anddorsiflexes and everts foot

Fig. 9.41a

Extensor digitorum longusFig. 9.41d

Anterior

Fig. 9.44b


Gastrocnemius

Fibularis longus Deep fibular n.

Superficial fibular n.

Anterior tibial a.

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibula

Soleus

Tibia

Great saphenous v.

Tibialis posterior m.

Flexor digitorum longus

Small saphenous v.

Posterior tibial a.

Flexor hallucis longus m.

Tibial n.

Tibialis anterior m.

Anterior

Cross section of the Right Lower Leg

H

H

Lateral Medial

Extensor Retinacula

Continuous on its superior side with thefascia of the lower leg and on the inferior side with theplantar aponeurosis

Anterior

Lateral

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Anatomy and Physiology I Muscles that Move the Thigh, Lower Leg, Foot, and Toes Instructor: Mary Holman