Anatomi Saraf Perifer

dr. Zuraini, Sp.SFK UNIMAL

Susunan Saraf Perifer• Saraf Kranialis

1. N. olfaktorius2. N. Optikus3. N. Okkulomotorius4. N. Trochearis5. N. Trigeminus6. N. Abucen7. N. Fascialis8. N. Akustikus/Vestibulocochlearis9. N. Glossopharyngeus10. N. Vagus11. N. Accesoreus12. N. Hypoglossus

• Saraf Spinalis– S. Cervialis (8)– S. Thoracalis (12)– S. Lumbalis (5)– S. Sakralis (5)– S. Coccygeus (1)

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1. N. Olfaktorius, N. Optikus, N. Akustikus/ Vestibulocochlearis saraf sensoris

2. N. Trigeminus, N. Fascialis, N. Glossopharyngeus, N. Vagus saraf sensoris & motoris

3. N. Okkulomotorius, N. Trochearis, N. Abducen, N. Accesorius hypoglossus saraf motoris

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Fungsi saraf kranial

CN I: Olfactory Nerves• Sensory nerves of smell

CN II: Optic Nerve• Sensory nerve of vision

CN III: Oculomotor Nerve• Innervates four of the extrinsic eye

muscles

CN IV: Trochlear Nerve

• Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle

CN V: Trigeminal Nerve• Provides sensory innervation to the face– Motor innervation to chewing muscles

CN VI: Abducens Nerve

• Abducts the eyeball

CN VII: Facial Nerve• Innervates muscles of facial expression• Sensory innervation of face• Taste

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve• Sensory nerve of hearing and balance

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve• Sensory and motor innervation of structures of the tongue

and pharynx• Taste

CN X: Vagus Nerve

• A mixed sensory and motor nerve

• Main parasympathetic nerve– “Wanders” into

thorax and abdomen

CN XI: Accessory Nerve• An accessory part of the vagus nerve• Somatic motor function of pharynx, larynx, neck

muscles

CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve• Runs inferior to the tongue– Innervates the tongue muscles

Disorders of the PNS: Shingles• Shingles (herpes

zoster) – Viral infection– Stems from

childhood chicken pox

– Often brought on by stress

– Mostly experienced by those over 50

Disorders of the PNS: Migraine Headache• Migraine headache– Relates to sensory innervation of cerebral

arteries– Arteries dilate– Compresses and irritates sensory nerve

endings

Disorders of the PNS: Myasthenia Gravis• Myasthenia gravis – Progressive weakening of the skeletal muscles– An autoimmune disorder– Antibodies destroy acetylcholine receptors

Ptosis due to weakness of eyelid muscles

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Saraf spinal

• BENTUK TABUNG• PANJANG 40 – 45 cm• MULAI FORAMEN

MEGNUM SAMPAI VERT. LUMBAL 1 – 2

• BGN YG LEBAR DISEBUT INTUMESENSIA (CERVICAL & LUMBAL)

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• Serabut motoris berasal dari sel2 besar kolumna grisea anterior medula spinalis

• Serabut sensoris berasal dari sel2 unipolar didlm ganglion spinalis pada radik dorsalis

• Serabut simpatetik segmen thorakal & lumbal seluruh tubuh, viscera, pembuluh darah, kelenjar & otot polos

• Serabut parasimpatetik dari 3 nervus sakralis di tengah organ viscera dlm pelvis & abdomen bawah

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Persarafan segmental kulit

• Daerah kulit yg dipersarafi oleh saraf spinal tunggal & suatu segmen tunggal medula spinalis atau radik posterior atau saraf spinal dermatoma

• Penting bg dokter menentukan apakah fungsi sensorik dari suatu saraf spinal tt atau segmen medula spinalis normal atau tidak..

• Test jarum / kapas

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Plexus Saraf Tepi• Plexus cervicalis (C1 – C4)• Plexus brachialis (C5,6,7,8 serta T1)– Nervus musculocutaneous (C5,6)– Nervus axillaris (C5,6)– Nervus radialis (C6,7,8 & T1)– Nervus medianus (C6,7,8 & T1)– Nervus ulnaris (C8, T1)

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• Nervus thoracalis• Plexus lumbalis– nervus femoralis (L2 – 4)– nervus obturatorius (L2 – 4)

• Plexus sacralis– nervus ischiadicus (L4,5 & S1 – 3)– nervus pereneus communis (L4,5 & S1,2)– nervus tibialis (L4,5 & S1 – 3)

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Plexus pudendus & coccygeus

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