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an upward trend an upward trend (a rising trend) (a rising trend)

An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

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Page 1: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

an upward trendan upward trend(a rising trend)(a rising trend)

Page 2: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

a downward trend a downward trend (a falling trend)(a falling trend)

Page 3: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to skyrocketto skyrocket

Page 4: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

toto surgesurge

Page 5: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

toto soarsoar

Page 6: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

toto jumpjump

Page 7: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to peak/reach a peakto peak/reach a peak

Page 8: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

toto dropdrop

Page 9: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to plummetto plummet

Page 10: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

toto crashcrash

Page 11: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to tumbleto tumble

Page 12: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

CHANGING DIRECTION -CHANGING DIRECTION -to bottom out to bottom out

Page 13: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to recover

Page 14: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to reboundto rebound

Page 15: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Change of direction

to bottom out

to recover

to rebound

to revive

Page 16: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to hit a record lowto hit a record low

Page 17: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to hit a record highto hit a record high

Page 18: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to remain stableto remain stable

Page 19: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to remain constantto remain constant

Page 20: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

NO CHANGE

•to remain stable

•to level off/out

•to stay at the same level

•to remain constant

•to stagnate

•to stabilize

Page 21: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

to stabiliseto stabilise

Page 22: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

a dramatic falla dramatic fall

Page 23: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

a substantial increasea substantial increase

Page 24: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)
Page 25: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

The amount of INCREASE can also be indicated using these verbs:

• to halve (1/2) – a decrease

• to double (x2)

• to triple/to treble (x3)

• quadruple (x4)

• to increase tenfold (x10)

• to increase twelve times (x12)

Page 26: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Peaks and troughs

• If a figure rises to a level and then stops rising, remaining at that level, it levels levels off/outoff/out and remains steadyremains steady or stablestable.

• If a figure reaches its highest level – a peakpeak – and then goes down, it peakspeaks at that level.

• If it reaches its lowest level – a troughtrough – and then bottoms outbottoms out, it falls to that level and then starts rising again.

Page 27: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Boom and bust

• A boomboom is when there is rising demand, and other indicators are strong.

• StagnationStagnation is when the economy is growing slowly, or not at all.

• StagflationStagflation is when slow growth is combined with prices that are increasing fast.

• RecessionRecession is a period when there is negative negative growthgrowth, a period when the economy is producing less. A slumpslump is a very bad recession. A depressiondepression is a very bad slump.

Page 28: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

A dramatic fall to fall …………………

An abrupt rise to rise ………………..

A sudden decline to decline ………………

A moderate grow to grow ………………

A slight increase to increase ……………..

A rapid drop to drop …………………

A gradual decline to decline ……………

A steady recover to recover ……………

Erratic sales to sell …………………..

A constant levelling off to level off ………………

Adjectives can be used to describe the Adjectives can be used to describe the degree degree or or speedspeed of of change. Do you know the corresponding adverbs ?change. Do you know the corresponding adverbs ?  

Page 29: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Complete the paragraph with these prepositions: OF, TO, BY, AT, UNDER, FROM

At the end of April, sales stood ____ $150m, having risen ____ a previous low point ____ just ____ $100m. Over the next couple of months they rose steadily to reach a peak ____ $190m. They then fell sharply ____ $35m towards the end of July, but crept up again in August ____ $160m.

AT

OF

FROM

UNDER

OF

BY

TO

Page 30: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

No change in Eurozone ratesRead the newspaper extract. Fill in the blanks with IN or OF.

The European Central Bank has left interest rates unchanged despite worries over the German economy. The last time there was a fall ___ interest rates was on 10 May, when the bank announced a cut ___ 0.25%, bringing the key interest rate for the Eurozone countries to 4.5%. The decision came hours after official figures showed a surprising increase ___ employment in Germany. Analysts had been forecasting a rise ___ 55,000 but the official figures reported an increase ___ 18,000, taking the total to just under four million. The ECB is also facing the problem of a sharp increase ___ Eurozone inflation. The increase ___ 0.3% has pushed the annual rate to 2.9%, compared with a target ___ 2%.

IN

OF

IN

OF

OF

IN

OF

OF

Page 31: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Choose the correct words.

1. There was a slightly/slight rise in profits last month.

2. We rose/increased our profits slightly/slight last month.

3. There was a sharp fall in/of our sales last quarter.

4. Our sales fell by/of 6% last quarter.

5. We fell/recovered our market share last quarter.

6. Our share price hit/beat a low/down last month, but it has since recuperated/recovered and now stands at/in $3.89.

Page 32: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

1. Our share price reached/met a top/peak in May, but it’s fallen back since then.

2. Inflation is increasing slow/slowly at the moment, in/by about 1% a year.

3. There is a slow/slowly increase in/of the rate of inflation, of/by about 1% a year.

4. Operating profits went from $2.5m to/until $3.1m.

5. Dividends paid to shareholders raised/rose by 6%. Last year they fell/cut.

6. This year we raised/rose dividends to shareholders. Last year we fell/cut them.

Page 33: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Decide whether the underlined words indicate an upward movement (), a downward movement (), or

no movement at all ():

1. Shares have been stagnant recently.

2. There has been a collapse in the number of orders.

3. Imports have plunged recently.

4. Home sales have skyrocketed.

5. Imports have slipped again.

6. Prices soared in the previous quarter.

Page 34: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

UK SALESWhen demand decreased at the start of the year, UK sales fell sharply. They remainedsteady until April, then rose again dramatically in the second quarter when the marketimproved.OUTPUTThe decrease in overseas sales caused a dramatic drop in output at the Birmingham plantin the first quarter. There was a steady increase in the second when domestic salesimproved.STOCK LEVELSThere was a steady decrease in stock levels at the Headingley plant in the first quarterdue to the introduction of a new inventory control system. The slight increase in thesecond quarter was due to the rise in output.PROFITSThe profits of the plastics division have fallen steadily over the last five months due tothe fall in demand and increases in production costs. The slight rise in profits last monthwas due to the recent price increases.PROFIT MARGINA sudden jump in the production costs of the Sarander caused a drop in the profit marginin the first quarter. The margin remained the same in the second, due to a sharp fall inthe costs of components.

graph no.3

graph no. 5

graph no. 1

graph no. 4

graph no. 2

Page 35: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Put the following words in the correct place below:

a. spiral c. stabilise e. back on course

b. plummeted d. crash f. regain control

Financial institutions around the world are panicking after yesterday’s _________ on Wall Street. Share prices ___________ as banks and lending institutions struggled to __________________ of the downward ______________ . At the close of trading, the President announced that measures were being taken to _____________ the situation and get the economy ________________ .

crash

plummetedregain control

spiral

stabilise

back on course

Page 36: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

Choose the best way to complete these sentences:

1.Good news for investors. Interest rates are stabilising / going through the roof.

2.Bad news for borrowers. Interest rates are plunging / going through the roof.

3.Good news for industry. Interest rates are plummeting / soaring.

4.The rescue plan never really soared / got off the ground.

5.We are trying to get the economy on collision course / back on course.

6. Industry is finally climbing into / out of recession.

Page 37: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

DRAW GRAPHS USING THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

• After a sharp rise, sales levelled off during the period September-November, when they plunged again at the end of the year.

• Despite a rise in May the situation worsened again in June and prices slumped once more to another all-time low at the end of July.

• Prices went up steadily during the period September-November, before plunging yet again at the end of the year.

• After a three-year period of stability, the level of investment rose suddenly.

• Since the late 1990s, immigration has been rising in most OECD countries. This followed a sharp downturn from the start of the decade.

• In 2001 sales in our region reached a peak of 24,000 units after which they slumped suddenly to 9,000 in the following year.

Page 38: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

DRAW GRAPHS USING THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

• At the end of June, sales stood at $ 76m, having fallen from a previous all-time high of $136m in May.

• After a sharp drop in 2000, orders recovered for twelve months and then plummeted again in 2002.

• Prices started to bottom out in March and crept up until the end of April when they plummeted again.

• Prices remained stable in July and August and even went up steadily during the period September-November before plunging yet again at the end of the year.

• The share price reached a peak before falling a little and then maintaining the same level.

• Euro-Disney shares have slipped back to 113p.

Page 39: An upward trend (a rising trend). a downward trend (a falling trend)

• Sales crashed last week following a slight rise.

• After being stagnant for two years, share prices reached a peak in 2003 after which they plummeted quite unexpectedly.