8/22/2019 An Examination of Students Learning Styles and Motivation in an Online Learning Environment: A Critical Review

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@j Lx`gaj`tadj do Stukljts Bl`rjajn Stybls jk Gdtav`tadj aj `j Djbajl

Bl`rjajn Ljvardjgljt9 @ Cratac`b ]lvalw

Slujn'E`l %Ka`j`! M`jn

[el \javlrsaty do Mratase Cdbugma`

ka`j`*m`jnHumc*c`

@mstr`ct9 [elrl e`s mllj ` rlcljt prdbaolr`tadj aj l'bl`rjajn doolrlk my lkuc`tadj`b

ajstatutadjs `jk cdgp`jals* Qlt" tel rlsl`rce lx`gajajn stukljts bl`rjajn stybls `jk ats

loolcts dj tel klsanj do djbajl bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts e`s mllj cdjtljtadus* [d ourtelr

ajvlstan`tl telsl assuls" teas p`plr prdvakls ` mralo cratac`b rlvalw ordg tel oajkajns do

slvlr`b fly rlsl`rce `rtacbls dj stukljts gdtav`tadjs `jk bl`rjajn stybls aj l'bl`rjajn

ljvardjgljts* Xlrtajljt cdjclpts `rl kascusslk `jk cdjcbuklk wate sunnlstadjs odr outurl

stukals m`slk dj ` rlsl`rce `j`bysas*

Ajtrdkuctadj

Idj`sslj / Nr`mdwsfa %0113! lgpe`sazl tel agpdrt`jcl do klsanjajn loolctavl bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts `sstukljts ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls `oolct telar bl`rjajn prdclss %`s catlk aj Nr`o lt `b*" =808!*@btedune" slvlr`b

rlsl`rcelrs e`vl odujk jd rlb`tadjseap mltwllj stukljts bl`rjajn stybls `jk succlss aj djbajl ljvardjgljts"

M`tt`bads %=881! stuky cdjoarglk te`t bl`rjajn stybls `rl ajkllk `ssdca`tlk wate stukljt succlss aj l'bl`rjajn*

@kkatadj`bby" Cb`ytdj" Mbugmlrn / @ubk %=808! catl gdtav`tadj `s ` cruca`b o`ctdr odr bl`rjajn* [elrlodrl" at as

lvakljt te`t telrl as ` nrdwajn jllk `jk agpdrt`jcl td klsanj djbajl cdursls cdjkucavl td stukljt bl`rjajn sajcl at as

bajflk td stukljts succlss `jk rltljtadj r`tls aj l'bl`rjajn %^lst lt `b*" =88?!*

[eus" tel purpdsl do teas rlvalw as td lx`gajl tel rlb`tadjseap do stukljts bl`rjajn stybls `jk gdtav`tadj

aj l'bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts* Currljt `jk outurl ajstructadj`b klsanjlrs `s wlbb `s lkuc`tdrs wabb ml ajtlrlstlk aj teas

tdpac sajcl ujklrst`jkajn stukljts bl`rjajn stybls `jk gdtav`tadj wabb elbp td mlttlr ajodrg tel klvlbdpgljt do `j

loolctavl djbajl bl`rjajn ljvardjgljt te`t c`tlrs td stukljts jllks* Odr teas rlvalw" `rtacbls wlrl slblctlk my

cdjkuctajn batlr`turl sl`rcels dj stukljts bl`rjajn stybls" gdtav`tadj `jk l'bl`rjajn usajn tel Lkuc`tadj ]lsdurcls

Ajodrg`tadj Cljtlr %L]AC! k`t`m`sl* [eas mralo `j`bysas wabb mlnaj my kloajajn slvlr`b fly cdjclpts" prdvakl

telg`tac`bby nrduplk `rtacbl crataquls" `jk cdjcbukl my sunnlstajn `rl`s odr outurl rlsl`rce cdjsaklr`tadjs*

Fly Cdjclpts

l'bl`rjajn[el g`aj ol`turls do l'bl`rjajn `rl tel oblxamabaty `jk jdj'bajl`r j`turl weace lj`mbls slbo'karlctlk

bl`rjajn %@bdgy`j" =88;!* Lssljta`bby" teas tlrg rlolrs td tel usl do tel Ajtlrjlt `jk cdgputlr tlcejdbdnals td tl`ce

stukljts wed g`y jdt ml aj tel s`gl peysac`b bdc`tadj* At as syjdjygdus wate kast`jcl bl`rjajn" wlm'm`slk bl`rjajn"

`jk djbajl lkuc`tadj* Edwlvlr" Qabg`z'Sdybu / @ffdyujbu %=881! st`tl te`t l'bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts wabb ml

uj`mbl td prdkucl succlssoub stukljts ao `splcts do bl`rjajn stybls" `nl" g`turaty blvlb `jk stukljts ajtlrlst `rl jdt

cdjsaklrlk aj tel klsanj prdclss* Aj rlb`tadj" bl`rjajn g`j`nlgljt systlgs suce `s Mb`cfmd`rk `rl cdggdjby uslk

aj kast`jcl bl`rjajn my lkuc`tadj`b ajstatutadjs `jk cdgp`jals* Qlt" telsl systlgs nljlr`bby kd jdt cdjsaklr

stukljts ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls `jk prdvakl gajag`b `k`ptavl ol`turls `s wlbb `s suppdrt %Nr`o lt `b*" =808!* Sajcl

l`ce bl`rjlr e`s ujaqul ajkavaku`b jllks ajcbukajn pradr fjdwblknl" bl`rjajn stybls" cdnjatavl `mabatals `jkgdtav`tadj at as agplr`tavl td cdjsaklr telar kaoolrljcls `s at ubtag`tlby `oolcts telar bl`rjajn*

Bl`rjajn Stybls[el cdjclpt do bl`rjajn stybls as kaooacubt td kloajl kul td ` v`ralty do valwpdajts" kloajatadjs" `jk gdklbs

do bl`rjajn stybls* Qlt" wl wabb cdjsaklr Olbklr `jk Sdbdg`js %0115! Ajklx do Bl`rjajn Stybls weace gl`surl

stukljts bl`rjajn stybls dj < sc`bls9 0! `ctavl'rloblctavl" =! sljsajn'ajtuatavl" 3! vasu`b'vlrm`b" `jk ;! slquljta`b'

nbdm`b %`s catlk aj M`tt`bad" =8816 Nr`o lt `b*" =8086 Gd`bblg" =885!* ]lsl`rce as cdjtrdvlrsa`b `s telrl `rl gaxlk

rlsubts rln`rkajn bl`rjlrs `jk g`tceajn telar bl`rjajn stybls td lkuc`tdrs tl`ceajn stybls %Nr`o lt `b*" =8086

' 050> '

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Gd`bblg" =885!* Cdjtljtadus assuls ajcbukl tel rlba`mabaty `jk v`bakaty do ajstrugljts te`t akljtaoy bl`rjajn stybls"

`jk tel looac`cy do ajcdrpdr`tajn bl`rjajn stybls aj lkuc`tadj %Nr`o lt `b*" =808!* @btedune" Cdooalbk lt `b* %=883!

cdjcbuklk tel cdjclpt do bl`rjajn stybls `rl dotlj gasuslk `jk bagatlk aj we`t tely c`j `cealvl dtelr rlsl`rcelrs

e`vl `rnulk te`t cdjsaklrajn bl`rjajn stybls as ` vat`b o`ctdr aj lkuc`tadj %`s catlk aj Nr`o lt `b*" =808!*

Gdtav`tadjCb`ytdj lt `b* %=808! kloajls gdtav`tadj aj tlrgs do`cealvlgljt nd`bs `jk slbo'looac`cy*@cealvlgljt nd`bs

`rl tel rl`sdjs dr purpdsls odr ljn`najn aj `c`klgac'rlb`tlk t`sfs* @ccdrkajn td M`jkur` %015?" 015>! slbo'looac`cy

rlolrs td stukljts plrclptadjs `mdut telar `mabaty td cdgpbltl ` splcaoac t`sf %`s catlk aj Cb`ytdj lt `b*" =808!* Aj

rlb`tadj td tel djbajl bl`rjajn ljvardjgljt" Kljjas lt `b* %=88>! odujk te`t gdtav`tadj as ajobuljclk my satu`tadj`b

v`ra`mbls ajcbukajn cdursl klsanj" ajstructadj`b `pprd`ce `jk mle`vadur* Ourtelrgdrl" gdtav`tadj as cratac`b td

bl`rjlrs succlss `s at as bajflk td plrsastljcl `jk bl`rjajn te`t b`sts %Kljjas lt `b*" =88>!* [elrlodrl" at as agpdrt`jt

td cdjsaklr teas cdjclpt `s bl`rjlrs gdtav`tadj e`s mllj cdjsastljtby bajflk td succlssoub bl`rjajn %Cb`ytdj lt `b*"

=808!* Aj `kkatadj" `s telrl as ` b`cf do batlr`turl rln`rkajn gdtav`tadj`b mlbalos `jk bl`rjajn str`tlnals do djbajl

lkuc`tadj bl`rjlrs at as agplr`tavl td `kkrlss teas sanjaoac`jt rlsl`rce n`p*

[elg`tac Crataquls

Bl`rjajn Stybls `jk l'bl`rjajn

@bdgy`js %=88;! rlvalw ljtatblk Ajkavaku`b Kaoolrljcls9 Agpbac`tadjs odr ^lm'm`slk Bl`rjajn Klsanjlx`gajls batlr`turl dj ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls aj tel cdjtlxt do l'bl`rjajn* X`rtacub`rby" tel `utedr lxpbdrls edw l'

bl`rjajn systlgs c`j ml `k`ptlk td bl`rjlrs jllks `jk stybls* Odr tel rlvalw" twd typls do ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls

cdnjatavl stybls `jk pradr fjdwblknl wlrl lx`gajlk* M`slk dj ` prlbagaj`ry rlsl`rce `j`bysas" tel `utedr cdjcbukls

te`t l'bl`rjajn systlgs g`y jdt ml suat`mbl odr `bb stukljts sajcl oalbk'klpljkljt bl`rjlrs `jk tedsl wate bdw pradr

fjdwblknl g`y rlquarl `kkatadj`b suppdrt ordg lkuc`tdrs* @k`pt`mabaty as sunnlstlk td ml `j agpdrt`jt o`ctdr aj tel

klsanj do djbajl bl`rjajn systlgs td lj`mbl ` v`ralty do ajkavaku`bs td usl tel systlg* [eas as abbustr`tlk terdune tel

`utedrs prdpdslk bl`rjajn gdklb dj tel loolcts do ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls dj wlm'm`slk bl`rjajn* @btedune @bdgy`j

%=88;! `klqu`tlby sugg`razlk `splcts do ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls aj l'bl`rjajn" ourtelr rlsl`rce as jllklk usajn tel

`utedrs prdpdslk bl`rjajn gdklb td stuky tel rlb`tadjseap do ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls wateaj wlm'm`slk bl`rjajn

systlgs" splcaoac`bby weltelr `k`ptavl wlm'm`slk bl`rjajn systlgs c`j `ccdggdk`tl stukljts ajkavaku`b

kaoolrljcls*

Sumslquljtby" ^lst lt `b* %=88?! c`sl stuky Edw Bl`rjajn Stybls Agp`ct l'bl`rjajn9 @ C`sl Cdgp`r`tavl

Stuky do \jklrnr`ku`tl Stukljts wed Lxclbblk" X`sslk dr O`ablk `j Djbajl Cdursl aj Scaljtaoac$[lcejac`b ^ratajn

muabt dj @bdyg`js %=88;! rlsl`rce my stukyajn tel agp`ct do stukljts bl`rjajn stybls dj Ajtlrjlt usl m`slk dj telarcdursl nr`kls*Xdst'cdursl lv`bu`tadjs wlrl lg`ablk td ?8 stukljts aj djbajl cdursls ajcbukajn qulstadjs dj

klgdnr`peac k`t`" Ajtlrjlt usl qulstadjs `k`ptlk ordg ]dsslr lt `b* %=88>! `jk bl`rjajn stybl qulstadjs usajn tel

Gdtav`tlk Str`tlnals odr Bl`rjajn Pulstadjj`arl %`s catlk aj ^lst lt `b*" =88?!* Lvlj tedune" us`mabaty tlstajn

ljsurlk cdjtljt `jk o`cl v`bakaty" djby 3> stukljts rlturjlk cdgpbltlk lv`bu`tadjs* [eus" tel rlsubts rlvl`blk9 0!

telrl wlrl jd klgdnr`peac kaoolrljcls =! aj tlrgs do Ajtlrjlt usl kaoolrljcls stukljts wed lxclbblk spljt gdrl tagl

djbajl odr sceddb wdrf" `jk 3! stukljts wed lxclbblk kaoolrlk aj telar bl`rjajn str`tlnals `jk stuky e`mats* Dvlr`bb"

teas ku`b rdbl do `utedr$rlsl`rcelr g`y e`vl ma`slk tel rlsubts `jk telrl wlrl twd g`idr wl`fjlssls do teas stuky9 0!

tel >

8/22/2019 An Examination of Students Learning Styles and Motivation in an Online Learning Environment: A Critical Review

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wate `jy bl`rjajn stybls" stukljts mlcdgl gdrl slblctavl ao dtelr str`tlnals `rl `v`ab`mbl* Aj tlrgs do `ttatukls

stukljts lxprlsslk telar bl`rjajn lxplraljcls wlrl gl`jajnoub `jk olbt ce`bbljnlk my tel cdursl cdjtljt* Edwlvlr"

sajcl tel ajata`b rlsl`rce dmilctavls do teas stuky wlrl lxp`jklk" tel usl do sumel`kajns wdubk e`vl mlttlr drn`jazlk

tel rlsubts* Sdgl do tel bagat`tadjs do teas stuky ajcbuklk tel sg`bb s`gpbl sazl" jdj'rlprlsljt`tavl s`gpbl" `jk

sedrt kur`tadj do cb`ssls g`y e`vl `oolctlk tel oajkajns* Sagab`r td ^lst lt `b* %=88?! tel `utedrs ku`b rdbl do mlajn

tel rlsl`rcelr g`y e`vl `bsd ma`slk telar stuky*

Gl`surajn Succlss aj l'bl`rjajnAj rlb`tadj td ujklrst`jkajn tel loolcts do bl`rjajn stybls aj l'bl`rjajn Qabg`z'Sdybu / @ffdyujbus

%=881! lxplragljt`b stuky [el Loolct do Bl`rjajn Stybls dj @cealvlgljt aj Kaoolrljt Bl`rjajn Ljvardjgljts

ajvlstan`tlk tel loolcts do bl`rjajn stybls dj stukljts `cealvlgljt aj ` v`ralty do bl`rjajn glkaugs weace wlrl

klsanjlk `ccdrkajn td tel prajcapbls do tel Nljlr`tavl [eldry do Gubtaglka` Bl`rjajn* [el rlsl`rcelrs uslk `

or`glwdrf do sajnbl nrdup rlpl`tlk gl`surls lxplragljt`b klsanj gdklb `jk terll kaoolrljt bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts9

tlxt'm`slk" j`rr`tadj'm`slk" `jk cdgputlr'glka`tlk* [elrl wlrl 31 p`rtacap`jts ordg `j ajstructadj`b tlcejdbdny

klp`rtgljt wed wlrl stukalk aj telsl bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts `t v`radus tagls* K`t` cdbblctadj cdjsastlk do prl'`jk

pdst'tlsts klsanjlk td akljtaoy stukljts `cealvlgljt scdrls `jk Fdbms Bl`rjajn Stybl Ajvljtdry w`s uslk td

gl`surl stukljts bl`rjajn stybl* Qlt" surprasajnby teas stukys rlsubts ajkac`tlk te`t bl`rjajn stybls kak jdt

sanjaoac`jtby `oolct stukljts `cealvlgljt aj kaoolrljt bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts*

Aj cdjtr`st" M`tt`bads %=881! qu`jtat`tavl stuky dj Succlss aj Kast`jcl Lkuc`tadj9 Kd Bl`rjajn Stybls

`jk Gubtapbl Odrg`ts G`ttlr4 odujk te`t djbajl bl`rjajn pravablnls tedsl wed `rl slbo'karlctlk" ajklpljkljt" `jk

nd`b'draljtlk* \sajn cdjvljaljcl s`gpbajn" 0=8 ujklrnr`ku`tl stukljts p`rtacap`tlk aj cdbb`mdr`tavl `jk slbo'karlctlk vlrsadjs do `j djbajl Ljnbase cdursl crl`tlk aj Mb`cfmd`rk* Stukljts cdgpbltlk survlys cdjsastajn do

klgdnr`peac" bl`rjajn stybls `jk ljk do tlrg ajodrg`tadj* Succlss w`s kloajlk `jk gl`surlk my stukljts nr`kls"

ajtlr`ctavaty wate cdursl sdotw`rl" ajtlr`ctadj wate cb`ssg`tls `jk ` stukljt s`taso`ctadj survly* \sajn tel Ajklx do

Bl`rjajn Stybls" teas survly gl`surlk stukljts bl`rjajn stybls `jk kltlrgajlk te`t rloblctavl bl`rjlrs wlrl gdst

succlssoub" lxclbbajn aj mdte tel cdbb`mdr`tavl `jk slbo'karlctlk vlrsadjs do tel cdursl* Edwlvlr" sagab`r td

Gd`bblgs %=885! rlsl`rce" teas stuky `bsd b`cflk ` rlprlsljt`tavl s`gpbl sajcl

8/22/2019 An Examination of Students Learning Styles and Motivation in an Online Learning Environment: A Critical Review

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td oubby ujklrst`jk tel rlb`tadjseap do stukljts pradr djbajl cdursl lxplraljcls `jk `cealvlgljt teas sedubk ml

`jdtelr `rl` do cdjtajulk rlsl`rce* Aj `kkatadj" ajvlstan`tajn tel `utdg`tac kltlctadj do stukljts bl`rjajn stybls `jk

`sslssajn weltelr teas o`cabat`tls telar bl`rjajn dutcdgls wdubk ml mljloaca`b odr l'bl`rjajn* Aj rln`rks" td stukljts

j`van`tadj`b mle`vadurs ourtelr stukals `rl jlclss`ry td lx`gajl `splcts rlb`tlk td telar plrodrg`jcl `jk bl`rjajn

stybls* [eas c`j ubtag`tlby bl`k td tel `j`bysas do kltlrgajajn weace ajstructadj`b klsanj str`tlnals `ssast stukljts

wate p`rtacub`r bl`rjajn stybls*

@btedune" lxtljsavl qu`jtat`tavl stukals e`vl mllj cdjkuctlk wateaj teas oalbk telrl as `j agm`b`jcl do

qu`bat`tavl rlsl`rce* [eus" A wdubk sunnlst usajn odcus nrdups td stuky stukljts lxplraljcls do djbajl cdursls `s

teas g`y prdvakl nrl`tlr ajsanet `s td wey stukljts `ppl`r td plrodrg kaoolrljtby aj djbajl cdursls te`j doobajl* @bsd"

A wdubk rlcdggljk rlsl`rce dj gdtav`tajn tel nrdwajn pdpub`tadj do djbajl stukljts td `klqu`tlby ujklrst`jk `jk

`kkrlss telar kavlrsl jllks* B`stby" bdjnatukaj`b stukals cdubk kltlrgajl ao m`b`jclk ajstructadj`b str`tlnals elbp

bl`rjlrs lxp`jk telar bl`rjajn stybls `jk outurl rlsl`rce sedubk cdjsaklr usajn crdss'slctadj`b klsanjs" bdjnlr

lxpdsurl td ajstructadj `jk g`tlra`bs" ` b`rnlr rlprlsljt`tavl s`gpbl `jk lx`gajl v`radus kascapbajls doolrajn l'

bl`rjajn dppdrtujatals td mljloat tel lglrnljt djbajl stukljt pdpub`tadj*

]lolrljcls

@bdgy`j" E* %=88;!* Ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls9 Agpbac`tadjs odr wlm'm`slk bl`rjajn klsanj*Ajtlrj`tadj`b Lkuc`tadj

Idurj`b" ;%;!" 055'01?*

M`tt`bad" I* %=881!* Succlss aj kast`jcl lkuc`tadj9 Kd bl`rjajn stybls `jk gubtapbl odrg`ts g`ttlr4@glrac`j Idurj`b

do Kast`jcl Lkuc`tadj" =3%=!" >0'5>*

Cb`ytdj" F*" Mbugmlrn" O*" / @ubk" K* X* %=808!* [el rlb`tadjseap mltwllj gdtav`tadj" bl`rjajn str`tlnals `jk

cedacl do ljvardjgljt weltelr tr`katadj`b dr ajcbukajn `j djbajl cdgpdjljt*Mratase Idurj`b do

Lkuc`tadj`b [lcejdbdny" ;0%3!" 3;1'3?;*

Kljjas" F*" Mujfdwsfa" B*" / Lsfly" G* %=88>!* [el battbl ljnajl te`t cdubk''edw td st`rt tel gdtdr4 Gdtav`tajn tel

djbajl stukljt*AjSanet9 @ Cdbblctadj do O`cubty Scedb`rseap" =" 3>';1*

Nr`o" S* S*" Bau" [* C*" / Fajseuf* %=808!* @j`bysas do bl`rjlrs. j`van`tadj`b mle`vadur `jk telar bl`rjajn stybls aj

`j djbajl cdursl*Idurj`b do Cdgputlr @ssastlk Bl`rjajn" =?%=!" 00?'030*

Gd`bblg" G* %=885!* @ccdggdk`tajn ajkavaku`b kaoolrljcls aj tel klsanj do djbajl bl`rjajn ljvardjgljts9 @

cdgp`r`tavl stuky*Idurj`b do ]lsl`rce dj [lcejdbdny aj Lkuc`tadj" ;8%=!" =0>'=;