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AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

HIGH ORDER THINKING QUESTIONS

SOCIAL SCIENCE

IX –X

HOTS QUESTIONS have been compiled from questions contributed by the

following schools .

1. AIS .SEC 43 GURGAON

2. AIS SEC 46 GURGAON

3. AIS SAKET

4. AIS NOIDA

5. AIS EAST DELHI

6. AIS VASUNDHARA

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Highlights of the Question Paper (CBSE)

CBSE specifies the following guidelines:

1. Content of the question papers and their marking schemes (including outline of answers)

should adhere to the textbooks stated.

2. Question papers will contain 20% questions (16 marks) of higher order thinking ability

(H.O.T.S. questions)

HOTS: Application-based questions, which require analytical reasoning. They discourage rote

learning and test the skill of the students and encourage them to develop a deep understanding of

the basic concepts included in every unit.

- In Geography and economics, HOTS questions seek further explanation as in the text, as

these are not dealt with in detail.

- In history and civics they may involve comparative case studies, suggestions etc. even

between two chapters.

- All ‘Discuss’ questions given at the end of every chapter in history.

- Analytical questions given as multiple choice questions at the end of every chapter in

civics.

- Skill questions based on graphs and data provided in economics.

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HISTORY Chapter I: Rise of Nationalism in Europe:

1.Do you agree with the statement that Prussian conservatives were able to generate nationalism by promotion of state power and achieving political domination of Europe. 3 2.‟The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansion‟. Explain. 3 4.Analyze Ernst Renan‟s idea of a nation. 3

5.Why do you think female allegories were used to represent nations in 18 th and 19th century Europe? 3

6.Differentiate between the images of Germania and Bharat Mata. What is common between the

two? 3

7. In what respects was a nation state different from the then existing multi-national dynastic empires of Europe? Explain with suitable examples. 3 8. How did a female figure became an allegory of a nation / Give four reasons 3 9. Analyze this painting and answer the following questions: 3

a. Name of the painting b. What is the message of this painting

10. “The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789”. Explain the statement with suitable examples 3 11. Look at the picture carefully and answer the following questions: 1+1=2

a. Who is the painter of this painting? b. What historical events could he be referring to in this allegorical vision of the nation?

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12. In what ways do you think the following figure depicts a utopian vision? 3

13. Study the given picture carefully and answer the following questions: 3

a. Name the event in the given picture. b. As a man seated in the hall of deputies and as a woman observing from the galleries, relate

to the banner of Germania hanging from the ceiling?

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14. How were the national struggles in countries of Asia and Africa different from uprisings in Europe? 4

15. In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French 4 philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled „Qu‟est-ce qu‟une nation?‟ („What is a Nation?‟). In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race, religion, or territory: „A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity … Its existence is a daily plebiscite … A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.‟

a. From whose speech have these words been quoted? b. Explain the meaning of „Plebiscite‟. c. Examine the concept of „nation‟ as given in the above passage.

16. „The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a 4 nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity. It ought to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.‟

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a. From whose writings have these words been quoted ? b. When was Zollverein formed? c. Name the country which initiated the Zollverein. d. What was the aim of Zollverein?

17.How were the processes of unification in Italy and Germany, on one hand, different from the process of unification in Britain? 4

18.Why did the idea of economic and social liberalism find acceptance with the New Conservative regimes? 4

Chapter II Nationalist movement in Indo - China:

1.What were the drawbacks of the educational policy introduced by the French in Vietnam?

3 2.What were the major features of new schools of western learning introduced in Vietnam by the

French? 3 3.What was the significance of the battle of Dien Bien Phu? What factors were responsible for the

victory of the Vietminh in this war? 3 4.What was Agent Orange? Why was its use criticized ?

3 5. Do you think the fear nursed by U.S. against Vietnam was justified? 3

Chapter III Nationalism in India: (3 marks each) 1.Critically examine the main aspects of Indian National Movement during the period between 1920 to1935. 2.Compare the features of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Non Cooperation Movement.

3.Why did the Indian National Congress not fully support the poor peasants during the Civil

Disobedience Movement? 4.What is common between India and Vietnam as far as development of nationalism is

concerned? 5.Give two reasons why Mahatma Gandhi chose Satyagraha as a novel method of mass agitation. 6.Analyze why Mahatma Gandhi took up the Khilafat issue? 7.Differentiate between the aims and methods of the two mass movements: Non Cooperation

(1920) and Civil Disobedience (1930).

8.What factors were responsible for the gradual slow down of the Non-cooperation Movement?

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9.Why was salt chosen as a weapon by Gandhiji ? 10.When and why did Gandhiji put forward his „eleven demands‟?

11.In what respect was Gandhiji‟s idea of Satyagrah different from revolution ? Why did he choose Non- Violence as his creed ? 12. Why did INC change its goal from Swaraj to Purna swaraj. Give four reasons . 13.What was the position of Dailts during the pre-Independence period? How did Gandhiji integrate them into the National Movement? 14. Why were the responses of Muslims in the Civil Disobedience Movement lukewarm? What were their anxieties? 15. How did Gandhji react to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre? Describe the feelings you would have if you were to visit the Jallianwala Bagh today. 16. Why did some leaders differ on the issue of separate electorates? Examine the role of B.R. Ambedkar. 17. Describe the development that led to Civil Disobedience Movement. In what respect was this movement different from earlier movements? 18. Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:

„It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active … What did Gandhiji mean by passive resistance being active? Explain the methods used by Gandhiji to implement the Non Co-operation Movement? 19. The Independence Day Pledge, 26 Jan. 1930 : We believe that it is inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them, the people have a further

right to alter it or to abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must severe the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence. (a) In what two ways was the British rule in India oppressive? (b) Explain the immediate effects of the Lahore Session of the Congress on the Indian National Movement. 20. Analyse the circumstances which led Gandhiji to choose abolition of the salt tax as the most important demand of the Civil Disobedience movement.

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21Critically examine the different ways suggested by different leaders for uplifting the status of dalits in Indian society. 22. „Communalism in its higher aspect, then, is indispensable to the formation of a harmonious whole in a country like India. The units of Indian society are not territorial as in European countries … The principle of European democracy cannot be applied to India without recognizing the fact of communal groups. The Muslim demand for the creation of a Muslim India within India is, therefore, perfectly justified… „The Hindu thinks that separate electorates are contrary to the spirit of true nationalism, because he understands the word “nation” to mean a kind of universal amalgamation in which no communal entity ought to retain its private individuality. Such a state of things, however, does not exist. India is a land of racial and religious variety. Add to this the general economic inferiority of the Muslims, their enormous debt, especially in the Punjab, and their insufficient majorities in some of the provinces, as at present constituted and you will begin to see clearly the meaning of our anxiety to retain separate electorates.‟ (a) What were the arguments given by Iqbal in favor of sparate electorates for Muslims? (b) Why did Muslims feel alienated from the Congress? Q23. Write a newspaper report on the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Q24. “Plantation workers too had their understanding of Gandhiji‟s notion of swaraj”. Explain Q25. Study the given picture carefully and answer the following questions: a. Name the Painting. b. Who was the Painter? c. Describe the given painting.

26. Why did the relationship between small peasants and the Congress remain uncertain? 27. „Women took part in the nationalist Movements in India in large numbers but their representation in the Congress party was just symbolic.‟ Why?

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Chapter IV Making of a Global World (3 marks each) 1.In the nineteenth century Britain‟s, self sufficiency in food meant lower living standards & social conflicts. Why was it so? 2.In many parts of the world the expansion of trade and a closer relationship with world economy also meant a loss of freedom and livelihood. Justify the statement by giving examples.

3.Mention three ways by which there were cultural exchanges between different parts of the pre-modern world. 4.Why were the farmers and industrialists in Britain opposing each other on the Corn Laws? 5.What was the connection between rise of new technologies and better living conditions in

Europe in the 19th Century? 6.How did the expansion of trade and closer relationship with the world economy in late 19 th

Century lead to support for imperialism? 7.How did the developing countries try to organize themselves after the late 1950s?

Chapter IV: The Age of Industrialization: (3 marks each) 1.The abundance of workers was responsible for the pathetic condition of the workers. 2.The changes introduced in the rural sector were responsible for the suffering of the people in these areas.

3.Why were the earliest industries in England those of cotton and metals? 4. Why was the typical worker in the mid-19th century in England not a machine operator but a

traditional craftsperson? 5. Give reasons for the decline of the Indian textile trade after the 1750s. 6.The use of the Spinning Jenny led to great hostility in Victorian Britain. Why? 7. Analyze the role of officials like the gomashta and jobber in advancing Indian industry?

8.Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow :

„It appears that twenty years ago, a brisk trade was carried on in the manufacture of cloth in Jahanabad and Behar, which has in the former place entirely ceased, while in the latter the amount of manufacture is limited.‟

a) Give one reason for the decline in cloth manufacture in Jahanabad. b) What was its impact on the weaver?

9.How were the Indian merchant Industrialists discriminated by the Britishers?

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10.„Industrialization was a mixed blessing.‟ Explain. 11. „Industrialisation brought miseries for the newly emerged worker class.‟ Support the statement by giving suitable reasons. 12. „Even the most powerful new technology that enhanced the productivity of labour manifold was slow to be accepted by industrialists.‟ Explain the statement by giving suitable examples. 13. “Once the East India Company established political power, it could assert a monopoly right to trade” ( in India). Explain 14. Reporting on the Koshtis, a community of weavers, the Census Report of Central Provinces stated: „The Koshtis, like the weavers of the finer kinds of cloth in other parts of India, have fallen upon evil times. They are unable to compete with the showy goods which Manchester sends in such profusion, and they have of late years emigrated in great numbers, chiefly to Berar, where as day labourers they are able to obtain wages …‟ Census Report of Central Provinces, 1872, quoted in Sumit Guha, „The handloom industry in Central India, 1825-1950‟, The Indian Economic and Social History Review. (a) Why were the Koshtis migrating to Berar? (b) What were the methods used by the industrial groups to increase their sale?

15. Study the given pictures carefully and answer the following questions: (a) When Manchester industrialist began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Explain (b) Why were pictures of royals used on the labels?

16. Inspite of industrial growth after the war, small scale industries continued to dominate in India. Why did this happen?

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Chapter VI: Work, Life and Leisure: (3 marks each)

1.„A large city population was both a threat and an opportunity.‟ Explain. 2.„A massive housing and development project was undertaken and it completely altered the face

of the island nation of Singapore‟. Give three reasons to justify this statement. 3.Compare the examples of work done by Baron Hausmann in Paris and Lee Kuan Yew almost a

hundred years later in Singapore. 4. How does development of suburbs help the problem of housing in metropolitan cities? Give two examples from India. 5. Describe three social changes in the city of London with respect to entertainment and leisure of people due to industrialization . 6. Look at the picture and answer the following questions:

a. Identify the form of building b. Write any two features. c. With what kind of London housing system we can compare this?

7. Why is Bombay a city of dreams for some, while a city of hardship for others?

8. Do you agree or disagree that the process of Urbanization in the city of London provided more disappointments than opportunities? Give three reasons in support of your answer.

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9. Contradictory experiences of cities: Kali Prasanna Singh wrote a satire in Bengali describing an evening scene in the Indian part of Calcutta around 1862: „Gradually the darkness thickens. At this time, thanks to English shoes, striped Santipur scarfs [sic] and Simla dhuties, you can‟t tell high from low. Groups of fast young men, with peals of laughter and plenty of English talk are knocking at this door and that. They left home when they saw the lamps lighted in the evening and will return when the flour mills begin to work ... Some cover their faces with scarfs [sic] and think that no one recognises them. It is the evening of … a Saturday and the city is unusually crowded.‟ Hutam Pyancher Naksha, a collection of short sketches on urban life in Calcutta, 1862. Translated by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1899, G.G. Agarkar wrote about Bombay: „The enormous expanse of Bombay city; its great and palatial private and governmental mansions; broad streets which accommodate up to six carriages abreast … the struggle to enter the merchants lanes; the frequent troublesome noise of passenger and goods trains whistles and wheels; the wearisome bargaining in every market, by customers who wander from place to place making enquiries with silver and notes in their pockets to buy a variety of commodities; the throngs of thousands of boats visible in the harbour … the more or less rushed pace of official and private employees going to work, checking their watches … The clouds of black smoke emitted by factory chimneys and the noise of large machines in the innards of buildings … Men and women with and without families belonging to every caste and rank travelling in carriages or horseback or on foot, to take the air and enjoy a drive along the sea shore in the slanting rays of the sun as it descends on the horizon … ‟ G.G. Agarkar, „The Obverse Side of British Rule or our Dire Poverty‟.

a. What are the common features of city life that the authors note? b. What are the contradictory experiences they point to? 10. Why does Bombay keep on attracting people from all parts of the country even though there is a shortage of living accommodation ?

Chapter VII Print Culture and the Modern World: 1.How did print technology help to bring about a new intellectual atmosphere in Europe and help Martin Luther in the Reformation Movement. 3 2.”Oral culture entered the print culture and printed material was orally transmitted”. Explain. 3. Why was the imperial state in China the major producer of printed material? 3 4.Analyze the impact of the new visual culture which started in India by the end of the 19 th.century.

3 5.Explain the impact of print culture on the growth of nationalism in India 3 6.Differentiate between printed and hand-written materials. 4 7.Why did the religious authorities and monarchs fear the use of print? 4 8. „India has a very rich and old tradition of hand-written manuscripts, yet they are not used in everyday life.‟ Give two reasons. 4

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9. Do you agree with the view that print and culture created the conditions for the French revolution. Give arguments to support your answer. 4 10. Look at the picture carefully and answer the following

a. This print was known by which name?

b. b. What is the name of the painter?

11. Read the following extract taken from the textbook and answer the 4 questions that follow: In 1926, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossien, a noted educationist and literary figure. Strongly condemned men for withholding education from women in the name of religion as she addressed the Bengal Women‟s Education Conference: The opponents of female education say that women will become unruly.....Fie! they call themselves Muslims and yet go against the basic tenets of Islam which gives women an equal right to education. If men are not led astray once educated, why should women?

(a) Explain how Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein asserts women‟s right to education?

(b) What was the impact of printed books on women in India in the 19th century.?

12. „The task of the native newspapers and political associations is 4 identical to the role of the Opposition in the House of Commons in Parliament in England. That is of critically examining government policy to suggest improvements, by removing those parts that will not be to the benefit of the people, and also by ensuring speedy implementation. These associations ought to carefully study the particular issues, gather diverse relevant information on the nation as

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well as on what are the possible and desirable improvements, and this will surely earn it considerable influence.‟ Native Opinion, 3 April 1870.

(a) Read this source carefully and write about the role of native press. (b) How did Indian nationalist expose British misrule in India?

13. „Anyone who had seen me reading would have compared me to a man 4 dying of thirst who was gulping down some fresh, pure water … Lighting my lamp with extraordinary caution, I threw myself hungrily into the reading. An easy eloquence, effortless and animated, carried me from one page to the next without my noticing it. A clock struck off the hours in the silence of the shadows, and I heard nothing. My lamp began to run out of oil and produced only a pale light, but still I read on. I could not even take out time to raise the wick for fear of interrupting my pleasure. How those new ideas rushed into my brain! How my intelligence adopted them!‟

a. Name the writer of this paragraph b. Analyse the message given by writer to the readers.

14. „To what corner of the world do they not fly, these swarms of new 4 books? It may be that one here and there contributes something worth knowing, but the very multitude of them is hurtful to scholarship, because it creates a glut, and even in good things satiety is most harmful ... [printers] fill the world with books, not just trifling things (such as I write, perhaps), but stupid, ignorant, slanderous, scandalous, raving, irreligious and seditious books, and the number of them is such that even the valuable publications lose their value.‟

a. Who said these words? b. Analyse the message of the Author. c. Explain the meaning of „seditious‟ with reference to the above paragraph.

15. Study the given pictures carefully and answer the following questions: 4

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a. What comment are the artists making on the Social changes taking place in society?

b. What changes in society were taking place to provoke this reaction?

c. Do you agree with the artist‟s view? 16. Study the given picture carefully and answer the following questions: 4 a. Why do some historians think that print culture created the basis for the French Revolution? b. Make an analytical report of what is depicted in this painting.

17. What was the response of the nationalist press to censorship laws during the freedom

struggle?

Chapter VIII Novels, Society and History :

1.Read the following extract from a Tamil essay published in 1927 and answer the questions that

follow : „Dear children, don‟t read these novels, don‟t even touch them. Your life will be ruined.

Why did the good lord make you – to wither away at a tender age? To suffer in disease? To be despised by your brothers, relatives and those around you? No. No. you must become mothers, you must lead happy lives; this is the divine purpose.‟

a)Name the writer of the essay. b)What do his concerns about women readers tell us about how women were viewed? 4

2.How were the Indian novels useful for the colonial administrators and Indian nationalist? 4

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POLITICAL SCIENCE Chapter I Power Sharing:

1.Diffrentiate between Democracy and Power Sharing. 3 2.Powersharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Explain. 3 3.As far as government is concerned the Belgian govt is more democratic than the Sri Lankan govt.Justify. 4 4.In what ways is power sharing between central and state governments basic to the structure of the constitution? 4 5.Explain the ways in which power sharing between different organs of government results in the maintenance of balance of power? 4 6.Why have the relations between Sinhala and Tamil communities in Sri Lanka constrained over time? 4 7.Inadequate power sharing arrangements can lead to social conflicts. Do you agree? Give illustrations to support your view point. 4 8.In what respects federalism practiced in Belgium is different from that practiced in India. 4 9. Critically examine the relationship between democracy and power sharing. Why is it essential for Democracy? 4 Chapter II Federalism:

1. What is the effect of the special status given to J&K on the nature of Indian Federalism? 1 2. Was the creation of linguistic states desirable in the long run? 3 3. With which process was Indian federalism formed? How is power shared therein? Give examples. 3 4. Prove giving evidences that the spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire for living together is a shared ideal in India? 3 5. Why was the need for decentralisation recognized? 3 6. How is the language policy adopted in India different from the one adopted in Sri Lanka? 4 7.Explain the procedure for amending the constitution of India. Why was it included in the constitution? 4

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8.How has the federal division of power in India helped national unity? 4 9.How can Srilanka‟s problem of majoritarianism be solved? 4 10.In what way is the „Panchayati Raj‟ experiment significant? 4 11. Apply the seven basic features of federalism to the Indian Constitution and explain the Indian federal set-up. 4 Q12. Explain the term „Jurisdiction‟ in terms of federalism. 4 Q13. How has the present system of federal govt. worked in India ? Give three observations. 4 Q14.How have Indian political leaders have avoided the kind of situation in Sri Lanka with respect to language policy? 4 Q15. Local government is the best government to solve the problems of the people‟. Explain ` 4 Q16. Why does the exact balance of power between centre and the state governments vary from one federation to another? Explain with two examples. 2+2=4 Chapter III Democracy & Diversity:

1.Should a political issue be allowed to be raised in an international sports event? 1 2.What is the main reason for the multidimensional nature of society? 1 3.Some people conclude that politics and social divisions should not be allowed to mix support this idea with arguments. 3 4.The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger Explain. 3 5.People belonging to the same religion may not belong to the same community.Discuss.3 6.Does discussion of issues related to diversities lead to more differences in a society? Explain with suitable examples. 3 7.Give examples of the same social difference having different repercussions in Netherlands & Northern Ireland 3 8. With the help of examples explain how social divisions have affected politics. 3

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Chapter IV Gender, Religion & Caste:

1.Is love for one‟s community a reflection of communalism? 1 2.Some form of social division needs to be expressed in politics .Explain with the help of examples. 3 3.Those who hold political power should sometimes be able to regulate the practice of religion so as to prevent discrimination and oppression Explain. 3 4.What is the status of women‟s reservation in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies? 3 5.Prove by giving examples that ideas, ideals and values drawn from different religions play an important role in politics? 3 6.Is it true that gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereo-types?. Explain with examples? 3 7.Do you think that religion should be the basis of a nation? If not, why? Explain. 3 8.How is caste system an important source of economic inequality? Explain. 3 9. Under what circumstances does it become impossible to reconcile minority and majority demands. Give suitable examples from India to support of your answer. 3 10. What are the various forms communalism takes place in politics ?How does it becomes a threat to national integration? Explain with two examples. 3 11. Critically examine the relationship between caste and politics. 3 12. “Women in India continue to be discriminated leading to their unequal position in the society” Justify this statement with four suitable examples. 4

Chapter V Popular Struggles & Movements:

1.Democracy evolves through popular struggles. Justify by examples. 3 2.What are the contributions made by pressure groups, sectional interest groups and movements to the functioning of a democratic political system? 3 3. How is the struggle of Nepali people a source of inspiration for the Democracies all over the world? 3 4.Elucidate the several indirect ways in which people can make the government listen to their problems. 3 5.Explain the significance/role of popular struggles in the evolution of democracy by giving examples. 4

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6.The working of pressure groups has a negative impact on national integrity. Critically examine. 4

Chapter VI Political Parties:

1.Is central regulation of parties desirable? 1 2.Can we choose the party system that a country should have? Why / Why not? 1 3.Why cannot a modern democracy function without a political party? Explain. 3 4. Suggest some measures to eradicate corruption from political parties. 3 5. Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their 3 functions well. 6.How can you say that political parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. 3 7.Single party system gives stability to the govt ,therefore we should switch over to single party system. Critically analyze. 4

Chapter VII Outcomes of Democracy:

1.What has been the main reason for the growing trend of coalition governments? 1 2.Suggest two preferred outcomes of Democracy. 1 3.Do you think democratic governments are attentive to the needs of people and less corrupt? Explain. 3 4.Why do people expect a lot from a democratic government? Explain. 3 5.Do democracies lead to a peaceful and harmonious life among citizens? 3 6.Why is democracy considered a much superior system to other forms of government? Explain. 3 7.Rule by majority should not become rule by a majority community. Discuss. 3 8.Democracy is seen to be good in principle, but felt to be not so good in its practice. Critically examine the given statement. 4 9. Give illustrations to support the view that democracies are more responsive to public sentiments and aspirations than monarchies. Why can democracies not afford to ignore public opinion? 4 10. Why is economic growth relatively slow in a democracy? State any two reasons 4

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11. ` How can democracy lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens accommodating the social diversity ? Explain with the e.g. of Srilanka . 4 12. In what ways is a democratic government better than its alternative? 4 13.A Democratic government is known as „accountable‟, „responsive‟ and „legitimate‟ government. Explain with example. 4 14. „The most distinctive fact about democracy is that its examination never gets over.‟ Explain. 4 Ch 8 Challenges of Democracy

1.‟Democracy does not have a challenger, but that does not mean that it does not face any challenge.‟ Explain. 4 2. State some reforms to make Indian Democracy more effective. 4

GEOGRAPHY

CH.1: RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

1 In what ways human beings are essential components of resources? 1

2 Why is our land use pattern lopsided? 1

3 Mention one satisfactory feature of land use pattern of our country. 1

4 Why black soil is capable of holding moisture? 1

5 How is soil degraded near limestone quarries? 1

6 Why is Punjab facing problems of land degradation? 1

7 What restrict the infiltration of water in arid soils? 1

8 How did the Rio Earth Sumit aim at sustainable development? 1

9 Do you think that resources are free gifts of nature? 1

10 Name one resource rich but economically backward region and one resource poor but

economically developed region. Give reasons for such a situation. 3

11 What are the causes of soil erosion in the following regions: 3

a. Shiwaliks/ outer Himalayas

b. North Eastern India

c. Arid regions of India

12 Explain : Coal is a fuel of the past, petroleum of the present and hydroelectricity of the

future. 3

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13 What is resource planning ? State any two stages of resource planning . 3

14 How is environment related to economic development? What is the role of resource

planning in environmental protection? 3

15 What advantages in the field of economic development can be reaped by resource

planning,? Discuss briefly with appropriate illustrations. 3

16 Which soil has self ploughing quality? Why do we need to till it immediately after the first

shower? 3

17 India has a vast potential for the development of hydro electricity. Explain why it is referred

as a potential resource? 3

18 Why do we need to increase the area under forest? 3

19 Where and how shelter belts are important? 3

How is land a resource of utmost importance? Explain with four facts. 4

CH.2: WATER RESOURCES

1 The availability of water resources varies over time and space. Why? 1

2 Give the main reason why Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim the river dams as temples of

modern India. 1

3 Why does variation in availability of water resources occur? 1

4 “An area or region may have ample water resources but still face water scarcity”. Exp lain.1

5 How can fresh water be obtained directly? 1

6 What may be causing water scarcity in many cities? 1

7 How has higher food grain production affected water use? 1

8 What was the main reason for Bihar floods? 1

9 Israel has 25cm average annual rainfall and India‟s average is 114cm but, in Israel

no shortage of water where as India suffers water scarcity. Why? 3

10 How is water is termed as the “ Saviour of Life‟? 3

11 Why is availability of water for agricultural and other purposes inadequate and irregular

in most parts of the country? 4

12 Inspite of several advantages ,hydel power resources have not yet been sufficiently

tapped in India. Discuss 4 reasons for this. 4

13 How do industries create water pollution? Explain by giving four points? 4

14 “In recent years, multipurpose projects and large dams have come under

great scrutiny.” Give reasons. 4

15 Water is available in abundance in India; even then scarcity of water is

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experienced in major parts of the country. Explain with four examples. 4

16 Water is available in abundance in India even then scarcity of water is

experienced in major parts of the country. Explain with four examples. 4

CH.3: AGRICULTURE

1 Why are the farmers committing suicides in several states of the country? 1

2 Discuss some new trends in Indian agriculture. 1

3 Name the agriculture in which there is enormous pressure on land. 1

4 Why are the pulses grown in rotation with other crops? 1

5 Which fibre is known as golden fibre and why? 1

6 What is genetic engineering? 1

7 Why is tea plantation mostly done along the hill slopes? 1

8 “India has the largest land area under cultivation but its productivity per hectare

of land is one of the lowest in the world”. Give reasons. 1

9 Give the most important use of the relief feature of India occupying the largest

percent age of the total land area. 1

10 Give the main reason for the iron and steel industry to be called the basic industry. 1

11 Give examples of crops which may be commercial in one region and may provide

subsistence in another region. 3

12 Why is agriculture known as the main stay of Indian economy. 3

13 How is Indian agriculture getting transferred from subsistence to commercial

nature? 3

14 What were the main factors that hindered the pace of agricultural development in

India? 3

15 What are the reasons for the transformation of Indian agriculture from the production

of food crops to cash crops? 3

16 Do you agree with the view that agriculture and industry move hand in hand. 3

17 Why is subsistence agriculture still practiced in many parts of the country? 4

18 Describe four important characteristics of rice cultivation in India. 4

23

CH.4: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES

1 Which is the most abundantly found fossil fuel in India? On what basis is it

categorized into various types? 1

2 Why is coal often called `black gold‟? Give reasons. 1

3 What is the importance of power in the industrialisation of our country? 3

4 Nuclear power is bound to play an important role in India ,How? 3

5 Which are the two main energy sources of rural India? Why should their use be

discouraged? 3

6 Why does solar energy have bright future in India? 3

7 Why are mineral resources finite and non-renewable? 3

8 Despite several demerits coal is still the prime source of energy in the World .

Explain. 4

9 How is petroleum an important source of both energy and raw material ? Explain by

giving examples. 4

10 What are Non-Conventional sources of energy? Why do you think they have

a bright future? Give four reasons. 4

11 Why is water as a source of energy ,more important than coal and petroleum ?

Give four arguments. 4

CH.5: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

1 The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Give two reasons. 1

2 Why is natural gas considered as environment friendly fuel? 1

3 The consumption of which conventional source of energy is considered as an

index of development? 1

4 Why has it become necessary to use renewable energy resources like solar energy,

wind, tide etc? 1

5 India is one of the largest importer of gem stone and gold and the largest exporter of

jewellery in the world. Explain. 1

6 Which is the key to decision for location of a factory? 1

7 Which recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity in

steel plants? 3

8 Why has Chotanagpur Plateau region has maximum concentration of iron and

24

steel industries? 3

9 Why is there a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern

and western states? 3

10 What are the factors affecting the economic viability of a reserve of minerals? 3

11 Coal, petroleum and natural gas are used both as source of energy and as source

of raw material. Explain. 3

12 Though India is an important Iron and Steel producing country, yet we are not

able to perform to are full potential. Give three reasons. 3

13 Textile industry in India is the only industry which is self reliant and complete in the

value chain. Explain. 4

14 Why are jute textile mills located in the Hugli basin? 4

15 Describe four physical factors that affect the location of an industry. 4

16 “ The economic strength of a country is measured or judged from the development of its manufacturing

industries” Justify the statement by giving supporting arguments. 4

17 Why is cotton textile industry widely distributed in India? Explain by giving reasons. 4

18 “Electronic industry of India has revolutionized the fife of the masses and changed the

Country‟s economy and the quality of human life”. Justify by giving suitable arguments. 4

CH.6: LIFE LINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

1 In which language, the largest number of newspapers are published? Give reasons

to support your answer. 1

2 Give reason why there is a dense network of railway transport found in North Indian

plains ? 1

3 How has the Indian railways been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. 1

4 Give and explain three reasons why surface transport by trucks is more popular

with small traders. 3

5 `Dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a prerequisite for local,

national and global trade of today‟. Comment. 3

6 What are the major problems of Indian roads? 3

7 “International trade of a Country is considered as its economic barometer.”

Elaborate the statement by giving suitable explanation. 3

8 In what ways transport ,communication and trade are complementary to each other? 4

25

9 In what ways railways have become more important in our national economy than

all other means of transport put together. 4

10 How does mass communication create a connection between people across

the world. 4

11 What are the factors that influence the distribution pattern of the railway network in

the country ? Explain with the help of examples . 4

12 .Explain the four main problems faced by Indian Railways. 4

13 Why is road transport more useful than other means of transport ? Give four reasons.4

14 Study the table given below and answer the questions: 4

National Highway No. Length (in Km) Terminal Stations

2

5

7

15

1465

1533

2369

1526

Delhi- Kolkata

Chennai-Orissa

Varanasi- Kanyakumari

Pathankot-Kuchchh

Which is the longest national highway/ What is the direction of this national highway?

Name the terminal stations of National Highway No-5. How far is Kolkata from Delhi by road route?

15 “Road transport in India is not competitive but complementary to railways.”

Justify the statements by giving 4 supporting arguments. 4

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ECONOMICS Chapter-1 Development

1. Give two examples to show that developmental aspirations can at times be

conflicting. 1

2. Why is per capita income of different countries calculated in dollars and not in their own

currency by the World Bank? 1

3. Punjab has a higher per capita income than Kerala, yet it is ranked lower than

Kerala on the Human Development Index.Why? 1

Chapter-2 Sectors of the Indian Economy

1. Distinguish between intermediate goods and final goods. 4

2. Why has the increase in the share of the GDP by the industrial and the tertiary

sectors not accompanied by an increase in employment in these sectors? 4

3.Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed

for developed countries. What changes were desired but did not happen in

India? 4

4.Besides employment and GDP, what other issues should be examined while

measuring the growth of the various sectors of the Indian economy? 4

Chapter-3 Money and Credit

1. Should there be a supervisor, such as RBI that looks into loan activities of informal lenders?

Why would this task be difficult. 4

2.Do you agree that formal sources of credit should be expanded in rural regions. Give reasons.

4

3. Situations of “high risk” credit create further problems for the borrowers. Explain the

statement with the help of an example. 4

4.What are the sources of credit open to you, if you can‟t offer collateral?

Would you like to go in, if not why? 1+3=4

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Chapter-4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy

1. „Globalisation would have been impossible without expansion of IT‟. Explain with example.

4

2. Should we have flexible policies for employment .Summarise from point of

view of employer as well as workers. 4

3.Why are not the corn growers in India able to compete with American corn growers?4

4.Should we have flexible policies for employment. Summarize from point of

view of employer as well as workers. 4

5.Why did the TATA group think of setting of NANO factory at Singur? 4

6.For a large number of small producers and workers globalization has spelled

a major doom. Explain. 4

7.Globalization will continue in future. How will the world change

in twenty years time? 4

8.Why do farmers of developing countries complaint against farmers of developed countries?

4

Chapter-5 Consumer Awareness

1. „Markets do not work in a fair manner when producers are few and

powerful whereas consumers purchase in small amount and are scattered‟ Explain. 3

2. If you wish to raise strong voice against the government‟s function, how can you do so?

3

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