The American Revolution

Unit # 6Part #1

American Soldiers

English Soldiers

War

France

Vs.

The French and Indian War

1689 - 1763

England

England and France Compete

for North America

1. BackgroundA. England, France, Spain, & Netherlands

are competing for world trade.

a. France greatest threat to colonies

i. Claimed territory from St. Lawrence River to Great Lakes to Gulf of Mexico.

ii. Protected claim with fort system

iii. Forts stop English westward expansion

iv. Ohio River valley was 1st conflict

b. Spain was a threat to the south

B. Native Americans -a. Conflict was over control and use

ancestral land b. French

i. Mainly traders & trappersii. Did not take Indian landiii. Trappers married native women iv. Frenchmen adopted native waysv. Built alliances with Huron and

Algonquians

c. Englishi. Mainly farmersii. Clear land for crops & built fencesiii. Brought own families iv. Keep English ways and ideasv. Form alliance with Iroquois because

their traditional enemies joined French

vi. Charge less than French on trade goods

C. Four Wars – French and Indian Wara. King William’s War (1689 – 1697)

i. Struggle for the fur trade ii. Europe - War of the League of Augsburg

(Spain, German States, & Sweden)iii. Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 – temporary

peace

b. Queen Anne’s War (1702 – 1713)i. Stop the combination of Spanish &

French powersii. Europe - War of the Spanish Succession iii. Treaty of Utrecht in 1713– temporary

peace

c. King George’s War (1744 –1748)i. Conflict about the boundaries of New

England, Acadia, & Ohio River Valleyii. Europe - War of Jenkins’ Ear (vs. Spain)/

War of the Austrian Succession (v. France)

iii. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 – temporary peace

d. French & Indian War (1756 - 1763)i. A contest between France and Britain for

possession of North America. ii. Europe - Seven Years’ War iii. Britain, Prussia, and Hanover fought against

an alliance of France, Austria, Saxony, Russia, Sweden and Spain.

iv. French and Indian War – America (Read and Complete Reading Guide)

D. Pontiac's Rebellion

a. Native Americans was tired of the British.

b. The British exhibited little cultural sensitivity, traded unfairly, and failed to stop encroachments on Indian land.

c. Pontiac, a Native American leader who united various tribes with the goal of expelling the British.

d. The uprising lasted from 1763 to 1766.

e. Massacres and atrocities occurred on both sides— most notably, British General Jeffrey Amherst gave the Native Americans blankets infested with smallpox.

E. The Royal Proclamation of 1763a. Ended encroachments on territory promised to

the Indians.b. Settlers were not to establish themselves west

of the “Proclamation Line.”c. The effort was unsuccessful and is viewed by

many to be a leading cause of the Revolutionary War.

F. North Carolina Effectsa. Raids from Native Americans along the

frontier – destroyed crops, burned homes and barns, slaughtered livestock, killed settlers

b. Construction of a fort near Yadkin river - Fort Dobbs (near Statesville)

c. Cherokee and settlers became bitter enemies

d. Set up system of paying a bounty for Native American scalps

e. Broke the power of the Cherokees

G. Colonial Effects

a. War ended French influence in North America.

b. England gained large amounts of land

c. England controls North America

d. Hurt relationships between the English and Native Americans.

e. Worsen relationship between England and its colonies