American Psychological Association Writing Style

Dr. Andrea Tamburro, MSW, EdD7/13/14

Scholarly and Professional Writing Competencies

O Clear explanationO Accurate punctuationO Accurate spelling – use spell checkO Accurate grammar – use grammar

checkO Critical AnalysisO Your arguments are supported by

evidenceO Give credit in order to avoid plagiarism

Writing is a Process it takes Time

O Write your thoughts and ideasO ResearchO Write what you learnedO Organize your writing – use headings

(so you do not forget a section)

FormatOThesis Statement or Thesis

Question include in introduction & conclusion.

OThemes - HeadingsOEach paragraph has a topic

sentence and at least 4 related and explanatory sentences that relates

OParagraphs are grouped together under headings that provide a logical flow.

Proof-reading & Editing

OWrite your paper 1-2 days ahead of the date it is due.

OProof-read –Make sure the sentences are clear and complete.

ODo your sentences support or argue against the arguments made in your research?

O http://www.iun.edu/~nwstuden/writenw/competencies/index.shtml ODid you answer all of the questions?OAsk will a reader understand my

arguments?

APA? OWhat is APA – American

Psychological Association Writing Style?

OWhy do we use text message abbreviations?

APA Style- it matters• We use APA Style Manual version 6 • APA directs how you:• cite sources, • format your title page and headings, • design tables, • use quotes, • number pages• Set up resource list • (Lee, B. , nd. Top 10 tips for successful

writing, University of Maryland Slides 5,6,7)

Plagiarism: It is a big dealO Presenting someone else’s work as your own

work is an ethics violation.O Plagiarism has SERIOUS consequences

(including failing grades, referral to the Student Review Committee, and dismissal). (review the policy in your syllabus)

O Plagiarism is WRONG even if:I did not knowthat what I was

doing was wrong.

I did not have time to include citations.

I did not do it on purpose.I did not think I

would be caught.

Paraphrase in your own words- limit quotes

O Some direct quotes are ok, but explain before or after how the quote applies to your topic?

O Put all of the ideas you are writing about in your own words (do NOT just cut-and-paste someone else’s words).

O If you cannot paraphrase it, you do not understand it; spend more time reading/learning before you begin writing. Talk it through.

Effective Paraphrasing (Purdue OWL, 2007) see quote below

OReread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.

OSet the original aside and write your paraphrase.

OAbove the paraphrase, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.

O Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you plan to use this material.

Effective Paraphrasing (Purdue OWL, 2007) see quote below

O Check what you wrote with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information. Keep track of your sources.

O Use italics to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.

O Record the source (including the page) so that you can find and cite it if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

Quoting & Paraphrasing

Quote: Karger and Stoesz (2010) indicated that, “[p]overty is a fluid…process for most Americans. The University of Michigan’s Panel Study of Income Dynamics…followed 5,000 families for almost 10 years (1969 – 1978) and found that 2 percent of families were persistently poor throughout the entire period” (p. 112).O Paraphrase: O Karger and Stoesz (2010) indicated that most

families in the 1970s were only poor temporarily.

Exercise - ParaphraseO Paraphrase this a quote:O “A study by the Pew Center reported

that the United States has more adults in jails and prisons than any other nation – 2.3 million at the start of 2008”

O Save your paraphrase for the next exercise.

In-text Citations - Samples

O In order to provide effective services social work students need to be better prepared to work with Indigenous peoples, families, and communities (Weaver, 1997b, 2005).

O The social work profession needs to provide services that are more effective and in partnership with Indigenous peoples (Baskin, 2005b; Blackstock, 2009; Walmsley, 1993).

In-text CitationsO One prominent social worker, Bertha Capen

Reynolds (1935) challenged the profession by asking: “whom do social workers serve?”, in an article by the same title.

O Baskin (2005b) states that “[t]here is much anecdotal evidence from Aboriginal helpers on how current social work education does not represent them, their world views [sic] or the situations in their communities” (p. 2).

Citing Multiple Authors & Sources

OWeaver (1999) (Lakota), conducted a study similar to one conducted by Shaughnessy and Brown (1979). Weaver (1999) surveyed 62 U.S. social workers and Social Work students who were Native American. Weaver asked, what “knowledge, skills, and values [were] necessary for culturally competent service provision to Native American clients” (p. 218).

Citing multiple authors1st & 2nd time

O It is not helpful or professional for a social worker to offer advice, excuses, or unrealistic reassurance to clients (Chang, Scott, & Decker, 2009).

OAsking leading questions, interrogating, labeling, and dominating through teaching are mistakes often made by beginning practitioners (Chang, et al., 2009).

Exercise – Cite Your Paraphrased Statement

O Paraphrase this quote and cite it correctly:O “A study by the Pew Center reported that

the United States has more adults in jails and prisons than any other nation – 2.3 million at the start of 2008”

O This quote was found in the text American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach on page 15. It was written by Howard Jacob Karger and David Stoesz. It was published in 2010 by Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.

Quoting a Quote from a Secondary Source

OIn 1996 “[a] survey of social workers reveals tremendous diversity in perspectives guiding social work practice” (Norlin & Chess, 1997, in Miley, O’Melia & Du Bois, 2011, p. 25).

Block QuotesO 40 or more words – Microsoft Word

will count the wordsO Double SpaceO Period at the end of the quote not

the citationO For a quotation inside the block

quote, use double quotation marks.O Indent using the Home – Paragraph

Tab

Block QuoteA number of authors indicate that, [a]lthough beginning practitioners often think that methods, approaches, or skills are the critical factors in achieving good client outcomes, clients surveyed in many research studies reported that the relationship qualities of warmth, respect, genuineness, empathy, and acceptance were most important (Beutler, Machado, & Allstetter-Neufelt, 1994; Flaskas, 2004; Krupnick et al., 1996; Metcalf, Thomas, Duncan, Miller, & Hubble, 1996; Smith et al., 2004). (Chang, et al., 2009, p. 49)

Exercise – Block QuoteO Open Microsoft WordO Practice formatting a block quote

Formatting the Title Page

O APA website www.apastyle.org/O Exercise:1. Open “Title Page and Headings” in

Oncourse BSW Program Site in resources2. Add in information to complete your title

page – use any information you want.3. Save on your flash drive or on your

computer and send to yourself in Oncourse4. A word about Microsoft Word

Reference PageDigital Object Identifier doi number

in the reference list.

Format the following text for bibliography/reference page

O The text is American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach.

O The quote from the text is on page 15.

O Written by Howard Jacob Karger and David Stoesz.

O Published in 2010 by Allyn and Bacon in Boston, MA.

Reliable ResourcesO Library

O BooksO JournalsO Electronic Databases

O InternetO Electronic academic journalsO Governmental websitesO Agency websitesO Avoid .com sites except reputable

medical sites

Resources*Purdue OWL http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ *American Psychological Associationwww.apastyle.org/*Word Skills Training IUN: http://ittraining.iu.edu/training/browse.aspx?workshop=78#workshop78

*IUN Writing Center - http://www.iun.edu/~nwstuden/writenw/

The Writer’s Tool kit http://thewriterstoolkit.com/internet-activities.html*Guide to Grammar and Writing http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/

You tube APA sitesBe sure to use APA 6th edition

O In-text citations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2644z1Nf6Tc

O Citations and Paraphrasing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwvwI0ndKQk

O Format http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rV3fD9QkyiA

O Citation & format http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HsYUA-helk&feature=related

O How to Write in APA FormatO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm4DI53nB6U&feature=relat

ed

Turnitin SoftwareO Useful tool for several assignments in this course, including

Assignment . If you turn in a draft before the due date, it will be scored for originality (find plagiarism), so you can see if you cited all of your sources.

O Once the originality report is completed, you can revise the draft and resubmit it by the due date.

O You will need to submit the first version of this assignment early so that you have time to receive feedback and modify your assignment. However subsequent submissions will take longer to receive feedback.  

O After the due date is past, grammatical errors will be identified on the final version.

O Instructions to log in will be provided by the instructor.O http://turnitin.com/

Endnote – Bibliographic Database

O What is a database?O How Endnote works O Entering date into EndnoteO Cite-while-you-write featureO Importing articles & citations from the

libraryO Search Endnote using Microsoft WordO How to get EndnoteO Using citation feature in Word

Access to EndnoteO Free through IUWare O Endnote: https://

iuware.iu.edu/Windows/Package/2129