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What is grid computing?
Although "the Grid" is still just a dream... grid computing is
already reality.
What is grid computing?
Interconnected computer systems where the machines utilize the same resources collectively. Grid computing usually consists of one main computer that distributes information and tasks to a group of networked computers to accomplish a common goal. Grid computing is often used to complete complicated or tedious mathematical or scientific calculations.
International and Interdisciplinary values by Grid for Particle Science..For analysing particle experiment data, By 1960 a
number of such specialized experts in the various techniques were required by a given experiment. So a whole new sociology of research developed. Scientific papers which used to be signed by one or two people frequently carried the names of dozens of authors. Today, 100 or even 200 authors loom as a common occurrence.
1. The delivery of an infrastructure for very widely distributed analysis of particle physics data at multi-petabyte scales by hundreds to thousands of physicists.
2. The acceleration of the development of network and middleware infrastructure aimed broadly at data-intensive collaborative science.
Grids in IT historyInformation technology is constantly on the move. Many of
the ideas behind grid computing are not new. For example:
"Shared computing power" In the 1960s and 1970s, computing was dominated by huge mainframe computers that were shared by whole organizations.
"Computing as a utility" In 1965, the developers of an operating system called Multics (an ancestor of Unix, which is an ancestor of Linux), first suggested the idea that access to computing resources could be like access to water, gas and electricity: something that you pays for according to the amount that you use.
Grid computing ancestors
Grid computing was born at a
workshop called "Building a Computational Grid", held at Argonne National Laboratory in September 1997.
Following this, in 1998, Ian Foster of Argonne National Laboratory and Carl Kesselman of the University of Southern California published "The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure", often called "the Grid bible
Grid changing technologies In the 1990s, a number of significant technologies evolved,
changing the IT environment in which grid computing evolved.
The World Wide Web, 1990 : A researcher at CERN, Tim Berners Lee, started work on the World Wide Web, culminating in CERN releasing the Web to the world in 1993. The Web plays a crucial role in simplifying communications in almost all aspects of life.
The Linux operating system, 1991 : Linus Torvalds, then at the University of Helsinki, began work on this open source operating system. Today, Linux attracts thousands of unpaid programmers who ensure that it works with every new piece of hardware that comes along. This is one reason why Linux is the preferred operating system for many grid testbeds.
Java, 1995 : Software engineers at Sun Microsystems designed this programming language to be independent of the computer it is running on. Java was initially designed for consumer appliances, not computers. Java is an extremely popular grid programming language and well-adapted to the grid philosophy.
Who can use grid computingScientists use grid computing for their
research. But what about you? And who else might be interested? Who wants to invest time and money in "resource sharing"?
Governments and International Organisations
The military
Teachers and educators?
Businesses
Simple Examples of Grid Computing
Grids for different needsDifferent people need grids for different
reasons. There are all sorts of grids already operating all around you.
National grids Project grids Private grids Goodwill grids Peer-to-peer grids Cloud-like grids
Volunteer computingVolunteer computing uses computers belonging to ordinary
people, like you, to create a computing grid that can rival the most powerful supercomputers in the world.
Are you interested in making the world a better place, but never have the time? Here's something you can do while you sleep!
If you join a volunteer computing project, you agree to donate the idle cycles of your computer to specific research projects.
What does that mean?While you're not using your computer, someone else is using it
for their research. While you're sleeping, or on the phone, or simply not using your computer's entire power, volunteer computing software uses your leftover computer power to solve calculations, perform simulations and otherwise contribute to some amazing projects.
Whether you're into health, maths, climate change or finding life on other planets, volunteer computing has something for you.
Examples of volunteer Computing
Climateprediction.net: Climate research Compute Against Cancer: Cancer research FightAIDS@Home: HIV/AIDS research Folding@Home: Disease research GridRepublic: Manyexciting and different research projects
LHC@home: High energy physics GIMPS: Mathematics SETI@home: Extraterrestrial intelligenceThe Charity EngineWorld Community Grid: Many different projects all with humanitarian aims
Grid-powered Projects
International collaborations
AP GRIDAPGrid PMAD4ScienceDEGISCODEISAEELA-2EGEEEGI
EUAsiaGridEU-IndiaGridGISELAGridPPIDGFLCGNextGRIDNorduGrid
Open Grid ForumOGF-EuropeOpen Science GridPRAGMAWINDS
International grids cross national boundaries, spanning cultures, languages, technologies and more to create international resources and power global science using global computing.
Grid-powered Projects Field specific applications
AstroGrid: astronomyBIRN: human disease CaBIG: cancer
Earth System Grid: climateECOGrid: economics FusionGrid: fusion energy NEES : earthquakes
neuGRID: NeuroscienceoutGRID: NeuroscienceVirolab: infectious disease ...@home: volunteer computing
Field-specific grids like those below have been created to tackle specific scientific problems. Do you have a particular scientific interest? Chances are there's a grid that could help answer your big questions.
Grid-powered Projects Middleware projects
3G BridgeAlchemiBioGridCondorDCacheDOE SciDACEMI
ESnetGLOBUSgLite GRIDBUSGridSphere IGE
KnowARCNAREGIOGCEUNICORE
Middleware is the technical "glue" that allows different computers to "stick" together. Without these middleware projects and products, grid computing simply could not exist.
Referenceshttp://
www.ga.com/srb-case-studies-particle-physics-data-grid
http://www.gridcafe.org/EN/http://
www.businessdictionary.com/definition/grid-computing.html
http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/22/23/83/PDF/ajp-jphyscol198243C823.pdf
