Text of Aleksandar Pašagić General Security d.o.o., Zagreb, CROATIA, [email protected]
Slide 1
Aleksandar Paagi General Security d.o.o., Zagreb, CROATIA,
[email protected] Aleksandar Paagi General Security
d.o.o., Zagreb, CROATIA, [email protected] 4 th
International Conference Ergonomics 2010 4 th International
Conference Ergonomics 2010
Slide 2
Types of operating environment for a security officer: low
threathigh threat Available options vary according to the demands
of the environment Types of operating environment for a security
officer: low threathigh threat Available options vary according to
the demands of the environment
Slide 3
1) security officers presence 2) verbal commands 3) hands
on/physical restraint techniques (including the use of a baton
where applicable) 4) OC spray/EMI device (where applicable) 5)
firearm (where applicable) Options are always a compromise between
effectiveness and liability Number of incidents corresponds to the
inverse use of force continuum Escalating force implies increased
liability 1) security officers presence 2) verbal commands 3) hands
on/physical restraint techniques (including the use of a baton
where applicable) 4) OC spray/EMI device (where applicable) 5)
firearm (where applicable) Options are always a compromise between
effectiveness and liability Number of incidents corresponds to the
inverse use of force continuum Escalating force implies increased
liability
Slide 4
Objectives: - project a civilized image - distance the company
from excessively aggressive image - avoid negative publicity
associated with violence Objectives: - project a civilized image -
distance the company from excessively aggressive image - avoid
negative publicity associated with violence
Slide 5
Objectives achieved through reduction in use of force
Slide 6
Compromise between effectiveness and minimal use of force:
Non-Lethal Weapons Definition: weapons explicitly designed and
primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel, while
minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired
damage to property and the environment - United States Department
of Defense Policy Directive 3000.3, Policy for Non-Lethal Weapons,
July 9, 1996 Alternative terminology Less-Lethal Weapons Compromise
between effectiveness and minimal use of force: Non-Lethal Weapons
Definition: weapons explicitly designed and primarily employed to
incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities,
permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and
the environment - United States Department of Defense Policy
Directive 3000.3, Policy for Non-Lethal Weapons, July 9, 1996
Alternative terminology Less-Lethal Weapons
Slide 7
Impact weapons Chemical compliance weapons Electrical
compliance weapons Impact weapons Chemical compliance weapons
Electrical compliance weapons
Slide 8
Advantages: - effective - cheap - simple to use Advantages: -
effective - cheap - simple to use
Slide 9
Disadvantages: - lack of damage control - associated negative
image - not everywhere legal Disadvantages: - lack of damage
control - associated negative image - not everywhere legal
Slide 10
Advantages: - relatively cheap - perceived as non-threatening -
good safety record - simple to use Advantages: - relatively cheap -
perceived as non-threatening - good safety record - simple to
use
Slide 11
Disadvantages: - perceived as non-threatening - inconsistent
results - limited in close quarters applications Disadvantages: -
perceived as non-threatening - inconsistent results - limited in
close quarters applications
Slide 12
Advantages: - consistent results - no lasting harm
Disadvantages: - high cost - escalation of force problem Generally
considered the future of NLWs Advantages: - consistent results - no
lasting harm Disadvantages: - high cost - escalation of force
problem Generally considered the future of NLWs
Slide 13
Slide 14
Probe application
Slide 15
Drive-stun application
Slide 16
Severity scale 0 No observed adverse level 1 Effects not
normally requiring medical treatment for full recovery (incl.
intended effect) 2 Effects requiring medical treatment, but are not
life threatening nor pose risk of disability after recovery 3
Life-threatening effects, lethality, significant risk of disability
after recovery Severity scale can be used to assess the
efectiveness of a NLW system Severity scale 0 No observed adverse
level 1 Effects not normally requiring medical treatment for full
recovery (incl. intended effect) 2 Effects requiring medical
treatment, but are not life threatening nor pose risk of disability
after recovery 3 Life-threatening effects, lethality, significant
risk of disability after recovery Severity scale can be used to
assess the efectiveness of a NLW system
Slide 17
1. Ocular injury 2. Seizure 3. Ventricular fibrillation 4. Fall
injuries Potential for unintentional discharge 1. Ocular injury 2.
Seizure 3. Ventricular fibrillation 4. Fall injuries Potential for
unintentional discharge
Slide 18
Perceived non-lethality leading to more frequent use of NLW
Increased probability of inappropriate application Reduced sense of
responsibility Perceived non-lethality leading to more frequent use
of NLW Increased probability of inappropriate application Reduced
sense of responsibility
Slide 19
NLW are a useful set of tools to bridge the gap between unarmed
response and lethal force NLW positively influence the public image
of private security company compared to firearms or impact weapons
but Security officer education in use of NLWs crucial Education on
context of use, not only techniques Inappropriate use of NLWs leads
to negative public image and potential legal claims NLW are a
useful set of tools to bridge the gap between unarmed response and
lethal force NLW positively influence the public image of private
security company compared to firearms or impact weapons but
Security officer education in use of NLWs crucial Education on
context of use, not only techniques Inappropriate use of NLWs leads
to negative public image and potential legal claims
