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ADLERADLERBROKE WITH FREUD OVERBROKE WITH FREUD OVER
PANSEXUALISMPANSEXUALISM
BIOLOGICAL (INSTINCTUAL) BIOLOGICAL (INSTINCTUAL) DETERMINISMDETERMINISM
FREUD VS FREUD VS ADLERADLER
BIOLOGICAL (ID)BIOLOGICAL (ID)
DETERMINISTIC DETERMINISTIC (PAST)(PAST)
GOAL = GOAL = PLEASUREPLEASURE
SOCIAL-SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL (EGO)(EGO)
TELEOLOGICAL TELEOLOGICAL (PRESENT/FUTUR(PRESENT/FUTURE GOALS)E GOALS)
GOAL = SOCIAL GOAL = SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESSCONNECTEDNESS
KEY CONCEPTS - PG 108KEY CONCEPTS - PG 108
View of Human Nature - View of Human Nature - Personality Personality
Approach to life begins first 6 Approach to life begins first 6 years based upon our years based upon our perceptionperception of the past. of the past.
FREUD VS FREUD VS ADLERADLER
SEXUAL URGESSEXUAL URGES
DETERMINED BY DETERMINED BY PASTPAST
UNCONSCIOUSUNCONSCIOUS
SOCIAL SOCIAL RELATEDNESSRELATEDNESS
PURPOSEFUL AND PURPOSEFUL AND GOAL DIRECTEDGOAL DIRECTED
CONSCIOUSCONSCIOUS
UNLIKE FREUD,UNLIKE FREUD, ADLER STRESSES…... ADLER STRESSES…...
CHOICE AND RESPONSIBILITYCHOICE AND RESPONSIBILITY MEANING IN LIFEMEANING IN LIFE STRIVING FOR PERFECTIONSTRIVING FOR PERFECTION PERFECTION, NOT PLEASURE, IN PERFECTION, NOT PLEASURE, IN
THE GOAL OF LIFETHE GOAL OF LIFE
INFERIORITY FEELINGINFERIORITY FEELING
NORMAL AND THE SOURCE NORMAL AND THE SOURCE OF ALL STRIVINGSOF ALL STRIVINGS
THE WELLSPRING OF THE WELLSPRING OF CREATIVITYCREATIVITY
READ ADLER BIO ON PAGE READ ADLER BIO ON PAGE 107107
SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF REALITY OF REALITY PG 109PG 109
Around age 6, each of us Around age 6, each of us develops a unique world view develops a unique world view of ourselves as of ourselves as complete/perfect to form our complete/perfect to form our life goals. Adlerian’s try to life goals. Adlerian’s try to understand the individual understand the individual from this subjective from this subjective (phenomenalogical) frame of (phenomenalogical) frame of reference.reference.
UNITY AND PATTERNS OF UNITY AND PATTERNS OF HUMAN PERSONALITY - HUMAN PERSONALITY - PG. PG. 110110
Individual psychology states that we Individual psychology states that we can only viewed holistically and can only viewed holistically and systematicallysystematically
Holistic - each individual is unique Holistic - each individual is unique and cannot be understood by and cannot be understood by reducing them to constituent parts, reducing them to constituent parts, e.g. Freud’s Id, Ego, Superegoe.g. Freud’s Id, Ego, Superego
Does any other theory try to do that?Does any other theory try to do that?
SystemicSystemic
Individual cannot be Individual cannot be understood apart from their understood apart from their context, e.g. culture, family, context, e.g. culture, family, era…..era…..
Three points to remember Three points to remember in patterns……...in patterns……...
Behavior is purposeful and goal directed. Behavior is purposeful and goal directed. Fictional finalismFictional finalism - refers to goal that - refers to goal that guides a person’s behavior.guides a person’s behavior.
Strivings for significance and superiority Strivings for significance and superiority are an innate part of our Mammalian are an innate part of our Mammalian heritageheritage
Lifestyle - consist of people’s views about Lifestyle - consist of people’s views about themselves and the world and their themselves and the world and their distinctive patterns as they pursue goalsdistinctive patterns as they pursue goals
Social Interest and Social Interest and Community Feeling - Community Feeling - PG. PG. 111111
Awareness of being part of the Awareness of being part of the human community, i.e. a sense of human community, i.e. a sense of empathy. Includes finding a place in empathy. Includes finding a place in society and even striving for a better society and even striving for a better future for humanity.future for humanity.
Individual Psychology asserts that our Individual Psychology asserts that our happiness and success are largely happiness and success are largely related to social connectedness.related to social connectedness.
Mosak’s 5 Life Tasks -Mosak’s 5 Life Tasks - PG. 112PG. 112
Relating to others (friendship)Relating to others (friendship) Making a contribution (work)Making a contribution (work) Achieving intimacy (love and family Achieving intimacy (love and family
relationships)relationships) Getting along with ourselves (self-Getting along with ourselves (self-
acceptance)acceptance) Developing our spiritual dimension (including Developing our spiritual dimension (including
values, meaning, life goals, and our values, meaning, life goals, and our relationship with the universe, or cosmos.)relationship with the universe, or cosmos.)
Birth Order and Sibling Birth Order and Sibling RelationshipsRelationships
OldestOldest - Can be spoiled and controlling, - Can be spoiled and controlling, but often dependable and hard-working, but often dependable and hard-working, more conservativemore conservative
Second Second - Always in a “race” to achieve. - Always in a “race” to achieve. Often, opposite to the 1st born, and may Often, opposite to the 1st born, and may achieve in another area.achieve in another area.
MiddleMiddle - Often feels squeezed out and is - Often feels squeezed out and is the peacemakers in the a conflict family.the peacemakers in the a conflict family.
Birth Order, cont……...Birth Order, cont……...
YoungestYoungest - Often pampered. Got - Often pampered. Got their own way and sometime their own way and sometime develops in a unique way.develops in a unique way.
Only ChildOnly Child - Have achievement - Have achievement goals similar to oldest, but often goals similar to oldest, but often pampered.pampered.
Therapeutic ProcessTherapeutic Process
Therapeutic GoalsTherapeutic Goals - disclosing - disclosing mistaken goals and family mistaken goals and family assumptions and reeducation assumptions and reeducation toward the useful side of life, i.e. toward the useful side of life, i.e. the adoption of the adoption of behaviors/attitudes characterized behaviors/attitudes characterized by community feelings and social by community feelings and social interest.interest.
GOALGOAL
REEDUCATION OF THE REEDUCATION OF THE DISCOURAGED, AIDED BY DISCOURAGED, AIDED BY ENCOURAGEMENT, TO ENCOURAGEMENT, TO ENABLE THEM TO LIVE WITH ENABLE THEM TO LIVE WITH COURAGE AS EQUAL IN COURAGE AS EQUAL IN SOCIETYSOCIETY
THERAPIST’S FUNCTION THERAPIST’S FUNCTION AND ROLEAND ROLEPG. 114PG. 114
Collaborative, and equalitarian Collaborative, and equalitarian examination of client’s lifestyle, examination of client’s lifestyle, attempting to stay aligned with attempting to stay aligned with client’s goals. It involves an client’s goals. It involves an extensive extensive lifestyle assessment,lifestyle assessment, utilizing family constellation and utilizing family constellation and early recollections.early recollections.
CLIENT’S EXPERIENCE IN CLIENT’S EXPERIENCE IN THERAPYTHERAPYPG. 115PG. 115
Client is tasked to assess the Client is tasked to assess the private logicprivate logic and it’s relationship and it’s relationship to successful social living. The to successful social living. The Client looks atClient looks at
1) the purpose of the behavior 1) the purpose of the behavior and and
2) the basic mistakes in their 2) the basic mistakes in their coping.coping.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THERAPIST AND CLIENT - THERAPIST AND CLIENT - PG. PG. 115115
EQUALSEQUALS MUTUAL TRUSTMUTUAL TRUST ALIGNMENT OF GOALSALIGNMENT OF GOALS CLIENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CLIENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
THEIR CHOICESTHEIR CHOICES
PHASE 1: Establishing the PHASE 1: Establishing the RelationshipRelationship
Caring and involvement resulting Caring and involvement resulting in goal alignmentin goal alignment
Problems dealt within the context Problems dealt within the context of the relationshipof the relationship
Example:Example:
““What do you want me to know What do you want me to know about you?”about you?”
RATHER THANRATHER THAN
““What is the problem today?”What is the problem today?”
PHASE 2: Exploring the PHASE 2: Exploring the Individual’s DynamicsIndividual’s Dynamics
PG. 118PG. 118
THE SUBJECTIVE THE SUBJECTIVE INTERVIEWINTERVIEW
The client tells his/her storyThe client tells his/her story
The therapist listens with interest The therapist listens with interest to the themes, patterns, and goals to the themes, patterns, and goals of the clientof the client
THE OBJECTIVE INTERVIEWTHE OBJECTIVE INTERVIEW
A LIFESTYLE INVESTIGAION A LIFESTYLE INVESTIGAION TO SEE HOW A PERSON TO SEE HOW A PERSON COPES WITH LIFE TASKS.COPES WITH LIFE TASKS.
The objective interviewThe objective interview involves: involves:
How problems in the client’s life beganHow problems in the client’s life began Any precipitating eventsAny precipitating events A medical history, including current and A medical history, including current and
past medicationspast medications A social historyA social history The reasons the client chose therapy at The reasons the client chose therapy at
this timethis time The person’s coping with life tasksThe person’s coping with life tasks A lifestyle assessmentA lifestyle assessment
THE FAMILY THE FAMILY CONSTELLATIONCONSTELLATIONPG. 120PG. 120
FAMILY ATMOSPHEREFAMILY ATMOSPHERE BIRTH ORDERBIRTH ORDER PARENTAL RELATIONSHIPS AND PARENTAL RELATIONSHIPS AND
FAMILY VALUESFAMILY VALUES EXTENDED FAMILY AND CULTUREEXTENDED FAMILY AND CULTURE
EARLY RECOLLECTIONSEARLY RECOLLECTIONSPG. 120PG. 120
CONTAIN ESSENTIAL CONTAIN ESSENTIAL CONVICTIONS AND BASIC CONVICTIONS AND BASIC MISTAKESMISTAKES
PERSONAL PRIORITESPERSONAL PRIORITESPG. 121PG. 121
SUPERIORITYSUPERIORITYACCOMPISHMENTSACCOMPISHMENTSOVERBOVERBURDENEDURDENED
CONTROLCONTROL MASTERY MASTERYSOCIAL DISTANCESOCIAL DISTANCE
COMFORTCOMFORTPAINLESSNESSPAINLESSNESSLOW LOW PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY
PLEASINGPLEASINGAPPROVALAPPROVALSELF DENIALSELF DENIAL
INTEGRATION AND INTEGRATION AND SUMMARYSUMMARYPG. 122PG. 122
INTEGRATED (INTERPRETIVE) INTEGRATED (INTERPRETIVE) SUMMARIES OF SUBJECTIVE SUMMARIES OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE INTERVIEWS. AND OBJECTIVE INTERVIEWS.
OFTEN IT IS READ ALOUD BY OFTEN IT IS READ ALOUD BY THE CLIENT.THE CLIENT.
MOSAK :MOSAK :BASIC COMMON MISTAKESBASIC COMMON MISTAKES
OvergeneralizationsOvergeneralizations: “There is no fairness in the : “There is no fairness in the world.”world.”
False or impossible goalsFalse or impossible goals: “I must please : “I must please everyone if I am to feel loved.”everyone if I am to feel loved.”
Misperceptions of life and life’s demandsMisperceptions of life and life’s demands: “Life : “Life is so ver difficult for me.”is so ver difficult for me.”
Denial of one’s basic worthDenial of one’s basic worth: “I’m basically : “I’m basically stupid, so why would anyone want anything to stupid, so why would anyone want anything to do with me?”do with me?”
Faulty valuesFaulty values: “I must get to the top, regardless : “I must get to the top, regardless of who gets hurt in the process.”of who gets hurt in the process.”
PHASE 3: Encouraging PHASE 3: Encouraging Self-Understanding and Self-Understanding and InsightInsight
PG. 123PG. 123
INSIGHTINSIGHT
Understanding the goals of Understanding the goals of behaviorbehavior
(And ultimately translating insight (And ultimately translating insight into action, Phase 4)into action, Phase 4)
Adlerians use interpretations as Adlerians use interpretations as tentative, open-ended sharing to tentative, open-ended sharing to be explored in the sessions.be explored in the sessions.
Action Orientation- Putting Action Orientation- Putting insight into actionsinsight into actions
EncouragementEncouragement - to build courage - to build courage Change and the search for new Change and the search for new
possiblitiespossiblities - “as if……” and - “as if……” and commitmentcommitment
Making a differenceMaking a difference - Pragmatic - Pragmatic array of techniques to create array of techniques to create holistic changeholistic change