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Federal Aviation Administration Presented to: COE-GA Public Meeting By: Donald W. Gallagher, Visual Guidance Airport Safety Technology R&D Date: November 17, 2011 Airport Technology Center of Excellence for General Aviation

Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

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Page 1: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

Federal AviationAdministration

Presented to: COE-GA Public Meeting

By: Donald W. Gallagher, Visual GuidanceAirport Safety Technology R&D

Date: November 17, 2011

Airport Technology

Center of Excellence for General Aviation

Page 2: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

2 2Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Airport Safety Technology R&DWildlife Hazard Mitigation Program

Hazards Management, Bird Detection Radar Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Program (ARFF)

Agents, Vehicles New Large Aircraft Program (NLA)

Airport Issues Concerning NLAAirport Design Program

Airport DesignAirport Planning Program

Terminal Design Guidelines, Multimodal AccessAirport Surface Operations Program

Runway Friction, Soft Ground Arrestor System, Runway DeicingVisual Guidance Program

Lighting, Marking, Signing

Page 3: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

3 3Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Mission

Improve Visual Aids on Airports to reduce runway Incursions and increase capacity to support

NEXTGEN.

Page 4: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

4 4Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Evaluate

1. New technologies.

2. New Visual Aids.

Page 5: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

5 5Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

LED Addressable

Fiber Optic

Signs

Page 6: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

6 6Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

MarkingsThermoplastic Marking Materials

Newark Liberty Int’l Airport

ThermoplasticStandard

After 11 months

Page 7: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

7 7Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Lighting/MarkingsLaser Illuminators for Airfield Applications

Page 8: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

8 8Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Lighting

In-Pavement LED Linear Source

Page 9: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

9 9Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

New Lighting Technologies

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) can perform functions not possible from incandescent sources.

Page 10: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

10 10Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Elevated Runway Guard Lights (ERGL)

Page 11: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

11 11Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Recommendations

These values can be obtained by a combination of a selecting a square wave signal, flash rate, and on-time percentage.

The best flash rates & on-time percentages were:1.25 Hz @ 70% or 2.50 Hz @ 30%

68-113 cd300 cdStep 1 (10%)

451-1128 cd3000 cdStep 3 (100%)

Recommended Value

Current StandardLED ERGLStep

Page 12: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

12 12Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Improved Airfield Electrical InfrastructureCircuits considered:

– 450 V, AC Parallel Circuit

– 2 Amp, DC Series Circuit

– 2.8 Amp, AC Series Circuit

– AC Series Circuit w/ Control and Monitoring

Developed the test criteria and metrics for testing these circuits

Formed a Test Evaluation Team

Page 13: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

13 13Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Vertical Flight

Touchdown & Lift Off (TLOF) area

Final Approach & TakeOff (FATO) area

Heliport Approach Lighting System (HALS) for IMC

Heliport Instrument Landing System (HILS) for IMC

Heliport Approach Path Indicator (CHAPI)

Current FacilityCurrent Facility

Page 14: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

14 14Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Vertical Flight

Conducting photometric tests on products being sold as heliport perimeter lights.– Intensity– Beam spread– Chromaticity

Completed flight test– To determine if a suitable candidate exists at

FAA Tech Center and a hospital helipad in North Dakota.

Page 15: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

15 15Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Findings

Vertical / Horizontal Intensity

>1° - 10° / 360° 10 candelas min

>10° - 90° / 360° 5 candelas min

The measured minimum may be no more than three times the specified minimum intensity

Page 16: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

16 16Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Standards for Internally Lighted Wind Cone

AC 150/5345-27D, FAA Specification for Wind Cone Assemblies, dated 06/02/04, contains a specification for wind cone assemblies used to provide wind information to pilots.

The AC covers two types of wind cones, L-806 and L-807. In this AC, the internally-lighted windsock applies only to the L-807.

However, manufacturers and airports have also installed internally-lighted L-806 wind cones. FAA is concerned that the internally-lighted L-806 wind cone may pose a safety hazard by presenting confusing information to pilots.

Page 17: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

17 17Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Standards for Internally Lighted Wind Cone

1. Review the current FAA standards for wind cones. Considerations should include, but not be limited to:

Fixture design, light intensities, color, configuration, power, consumption, advances in lighting technology, compatibility with other FAA lighting standards, compatibility with current internationalstandards.

2. Evaluate current commercially available internally-lighted wind cones to ensure they provide adequate wind direction and speed information under low velocity wind conditions.

Page 18: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

18 18Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Ground Vehicle Runway Incursion Prevention Technologies

Identify optimal technological solutions to prevent runway incursions and surface accidents caused by vehicles with authorized access to the movement area.

Report recommending available technology for further research that could reduce vehicle runway incursions.

– Example: Airport Ground Vehicle Runway Incursion Warning System research conducted.

Page 19: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

19 19Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

• Audible Signal – beeps, tones, voice messages, melodies, etc. • Visual Signals – lights, flashing screens, different colors, textual

messages, graphics, combinations,– System should have options to be selected by airport user to meet their

operational requirements. Different signals should be used for Prox Warning and Alert Areas.

• System Updates – 56 day update to coincide with Airport Facility Directory updates

• Compliance – Recommended updates when there are changes to airport. FAA inspector can check for most recent updates.

Ground Vehicle Runway Incursion Prevention Technologies

Page 20: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

20 20Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Crash Test Performance Criteria for Frangible Connectors

• There is currently a need among U.S. airports for guidance on the crash-test performance of frangible connections for airfield structures.

• The FAA has recently developed an advisory circular on airfield frangibility standards, but even this document requires the use of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approval before any frangible equipment can be used on an airport.

• Current airport frangibility standards are based on ICAO and USAFfrangibility guidelines. However, those documents use very basic assumptions for crash-test performance (based on a Piper Aztec traveling at 75 knots), and neither contains detailed guidelines for testing and evaluating the crash test performance of frangible connections.

Page 21: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

21 21Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles!

True or False?

FALSE!What lights are seen is not based on the lighting technology. It is based on what spectrum the NVG

technology uses. NVGs have either Type A or B filters which changes

the spectrum sensed.

Page 22: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

22 22Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Night Vision Goggles

Commonly used Gen 3 NVGs sensitivity range is from approx. 450nm to 920nm.

Commonly produced LEDs are from 460nm for Blueto 645nm for Red.

NVG Gen3 without filters will respond to Green,Yellow, and Red LEDs.

Page 23: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

23 23Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Night Vision Goggles

Class A filters respond at wavelengths longer than620nm and Class B at 640nm.

With class A filters it will respond to red LEDs.

With class B filters no LEDs and some incandescentin the colors listed will cause a visual response.

Page 24: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

24 24Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Night Vision Goggles

L-810 LED Red Obstruction Light from 60 ft using NVGs with Class A filter

Page 25: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

25 25Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

General Aviation

For non-part 139 airports Lighting small airports that do not qualify

for AIP funds.

– “COMMUNITY SERVICE AIRPORT LIGHTING HANDBOOK”posted on Illuminating Engineering Societies Aviation Lighting Committee's (IESALC) web site.

http://iesalc.org/subcommittees_genaviation.html

Page 26: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

26 26Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Remote Airfield Lighting System (RALS)Minimum Basic Configuration

Four corner lights – Green, Battery PoweredEdge Markers – Retro‐Reflective (unpowered) 2 per side for up to 3,000ft

‐ WhiteSystem positioned on request and removed after operation

Green 10cd intensity needed, 4Hz Flash rate at 50% duty cycle to acquire airstrip from 5 miles

White 10cd intensity

Page 27: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

27 27Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

Native Village of Napaimute, Alaska

November 18, 2010: Reality UAA Experimental Lighting Test – plane lands in the twilight to medivaca sick Napaimute resident

Page 28: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

28 28Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

“This reality test clearly demonstrated the effectiveness and value of this lighting system. It is one of those important safety items; that may sit for days unused, but at critical times when it is needed, it’s there, and makes all the difference. Even between life and death.Thank you.Respectfully submitted by:Mark LearyDirector of Development & OperationsThe Native Village of Napaimute”

Page 29: Airport Technology Federal Aviation€¦ · Federal Aviation 2 2 Administration ... Airport Technology ... 2011 Claim: LEDs can not be seen with Night Vision Goggles! True or False?

29 29Federal AviationAdministration

Airport Technology – Center of Excellence for General AviationNovember 17, 2011

THANK YOU!

[email protected] - Program Manager

FAA Technical CenterAirport Safety Technology R&D Section

AJP-6311, AAR-411, Building 296Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405

www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov