Air Quality: Air Quality: Green Building and Green Building and

Community PlanningCommunity Planning

Judith Auer Shaw, Ph.D., AICP, PPE. J. Bloustein School of Planning & Public Policy

Rutgers UniversityRutgers Center for Green Building

andThe National Center for Neighborhood and Brownfield

Redevelopment

April 14, 2010New Jersey Clean Air Council

NJDEP 2007

NJ Global Warming Response ActNJ Global Warming Response Act

Settlement Patterns

Residential Buildings

Commercial Buildings

Landscape

CO2 Equivalent Emissions

Transportation

Electric T&D Loss

Carbon Sequestration

Deforestation

Infrastructure Buildings

Waste ManagementUrban Heat Island Industrial Facilities

Land Use and GHG EmissionsLand Use and GHG Emissions

Adopted from http://www.census.gov/pubinfo/www/photos/communities.html

Adopted from http://public.fotki.com/MNCapital/twincitiespagecom-2/saint_paul_neighborhoods/neighborhood_battle/dr11.html

Adopted from http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/newsuburbs.htm

Efficient Land Use PatternsEfficient Land Use Patterns

Traditional Neighborhood DesignTraditional Neighborhood Design

Town Center 5-minute walk to most

everyday activities Street network forms a

continuous web with high inter-connectivity

Small, pedestrian-friendly streets

Mixed uses and architectural styles throughout

Civic and community sites: “identity”

Douglas Farr. 2008. Sustainable Urbanism. Duaney, Plater-Zyberk. 2001

Green Buildings Green Buildings

Community Visioning Creates Focus Air Quality/Greenhouse Gas Reduction

Provide Clear DataAssess traffic patterns, energy usage, common

practicesReview local ordinances relating to air quality

Establish objectives Reduce vehicular traffic Reduce greenhouse gases Promote green building Promote green rehabilitation for residences and

businesses

Community PlanningCommunity Planning

Average Savings of Green Buildings

ENERGYSAVINGS

30%

CARBONSAVINGS

35%

WATERUSE

SAVINGS30-50%

WASTECOST

SAVINGS50-90%

Benefits of Green Building

Green Building Framework for Green Building Framework for Overall Quality ImprovementsOverall Quality Improvements

Green Building Links:Air Quality Lower Energy ConsumptionGreenhouse Gas ReductionWater QualityReductions in Solid WasteImproved Economic ReturnsImproved Human Health OutcomesBetter Neighborhood Design

NJ Green Building Manual NJ Green Building Manual

Authorized in 2007 (C.52:27D-130.6): Guidance and consistent

performance criteria Owners, builders, and construction

professionals Programs that encourage/require

green building Resource for local governments

and private sector Residential and commercial

buildings

Foundations for GB Manual Foundations for GB Manual

Performance Based

Tiered Point-Based System

Web-based Tool

Performance Metrics

Integrated System

Implementation

Reporting & Verification

GB Manual DevelopmentGB Manual DevelopmentTiered Performance

Metrics& Targets

Green Building Strategies Organization/Content

Env. Impacts

Evaluation Protocol

CostImpacts

Technical Guidance & Resources:• Case Studies• Calculation Tools• Illustrations/Diagrams

Impact Areas:• Five green building categories

Methodology:• “Eco-Efficiency”• Cumulative Impacts

Administration:• Verification & Documentation

Implementation Recommendations

Ongoing Performance Evaluation:• Evolution of Guidelines

Stakeholder Process

- FIRST COST- OPERATION COST (Energy, Maintenance, Remodeling)+ HEALTH OF EMPLOYEES+ COMFORT+ PRODUCTIVITY+ ENVIRONMENT

Design… Build… Operate…Design… Build… Operate…EvaluateEvaluate

Commercial Building ProcessCommercial Building Process

Points of Leverage:

1. Incentives

• Expedited Permitting/Permit Assistance

• Awards/Publicity

2. Verification/Documentation for getting incentives require:

• Integrated Design Meeting

• Performance Target Checklist/Management Plan

Pre-Design Programming

Resources: Best Practice Strategies Case Study Examples Integrated Design Tools

Commercial Building ProcessCommercial Building Process

Points of Leverage:

1. Incentives

• Expedited Permitting/Permit Assistance

• Technical Assistance

• Awards/Publicity

2. Verification/Documentation for getting incentives

• Require Schematic Drawings/ASHRAE EQ (As Designed) modeling to show how design helps project meet performance targets

Schematic Design

Resources: Best Practice Strategies Case Study

Examples Integrated Design Tools

Strategy ImpactsStrategy Impacts

Center for Green Building

Remodeling Strategies

Impact Lenses

Description of Strategy &

Recommended Approaches

Energy Efficiency/

CO2 Reduction

(high, medium,

low)

Water Conservation

& Management(high, medium,

low)

Indoor Air Quality(high,

medium, low)

Resource Conservation(high, medium,

low)

Cost(high,

medium, low)

Difficulty Level(high,

medium, low) 

EXAMPLES A.Complete home energy performance audit EA48B. Test for and install a radon mitigation system if required IEQ163

HL

LL

LH-if

mitigation required

L Ldepends

on course

of action

LH- need experts

to assess!

 

Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of LEED and national building stock

Post-Occupancy EvaluationPost-Occupancy Evaluation

Greening NJ’s Existing Housing Stock Greening NJ’s Existing Housing Stock

54% of census tracts building stock with a majority of single family detached units

20% attached/2/3/4 units

Green Green RemodelinRemodelingg

Air Air QualityQuality

Why green building? Why green building?

On average, Americans spend 90% of their time indoors, yet the air inside buildings can be 5-10 times more polluted than outdoor air, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Most common pollutants are:◦ Radon◦ Combustion products◦ Molds, pet dander, pollen◦ VOCs◦ Lead dust and asbestos

Source: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html

Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality

NJ Green Home RemodelingSample Strategy Write-up

Weatherization & EnergyWeatherization & Energy

Cost

Impact

$ $$$$

Low

High

Weather-strip Doors and Windows (WC, EE)

Install ProgrammableThermostats (EE)

Provide Proper Moisture Management Strategies (WC, IAQ)

Select high efficiency HVAC equipment (EE)

Insulate Hot Water Heater & Pipes (EE)

Install attic insulation (EE)

Consider a Photovoltaic System (EE)

Consider solar water heating (EE)Conduct a home

performance audit (EE)

BUILDING DESIGN

Energy Efficiency - StrategiesEnergy Efficiency - Strategies

Building Orientation Green Roofs Moisture Control Advanced Framing

Building Envelope Air sealing Insulation Performance Glazing

- Building Commissioning, Energy Audits - Renewable Energy & Advanced Energy Systems

Energy Efficiency – Strategies Energy Efficiency – Strategies

Building Computer Products Energy Audit Commissioning Simulations

Photovoltaics Wind Turbines Geothermal Solar Hot Energy Water

Green Design and RetrofittingGreen Design and RetrofittingPhiladelphia Water Company