Aim: How are Landscapes (landforms) formed?

•Landforms are the results of interaction of tectonic forces , processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, and climate.

What are the characteristics of a landscape?

1. Elevation2. Bedrock3. Stream drainage pattern4. Soil characteristics 5. Slope

All these help to define the landscape pattern of a region

What factors influence landscape development?

1. Uplifting forces (tectonic forces)- originate beneath or within Earth’s lithosphere.

2. Leveling or destructional forces - lower and level out Earth’s surface by breaking the landmasses, transporting sediments along Earth’s surfaces, and depositing sediments.

Forces Source of Energy

Uplifting- Volcanic actions, earthquakes and any other movement associated with plate interactions

Earth’s interior due to radioactive decay materials and from residual heat from Earth’s formation

Leveling- Weathering, erosion, deposition, and sinking

Energy from the sun-insolation-and gravity.

Types of Landscape

Destructive Forces (Leveling) Constructive Forces (Uplifting)

More on Landforms

Leveling Forces Leveling Forces

The topographic pattern streams take are not necessarily totally random. They are affected by rocks and their structures.

Drainage Patterns

Factors affecting Landscape Features

•Wherever earthquakes and volcanic activities occurs, uplifting is usually the dominant force.•Slopes rise up

Drainage Patterns

• drainage pattern: the arrangement of a river and its tributaries

• types:– dendritic: resembles the branches of a tree or veins in

a leaf

Drainage Patterns (cont.)

– rectangular: when tributaries have frequent 90o

bends and tend to join other streams at right angles; develops on regularly fractured rock

Drainage Patterns (cont.)

– radial: when the streams diverge outward like spokes of a wheel; formed on high conical mountains

Stream Pattern and Geologic Structures