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INSTRUCTIONS

1. This examination has TWO Sections. Both Sections are COMPULSORY.

Section Description Marks Suggested Time Allowance

A Multiple Choice 20 40

B Short Answers 100 140

2. Write all answers to the Multiple Choice questions in the answer sheet on the FOLD-OUT

FLAP on the last page.

3. Answer all questions in Section B in the spaces provided.

4. Write your Student Personal Identification Number (SPIN) in the box at the top right hand corner of this page and on the fold-out flap at the end of this booklet.

5. Check that this booklet contains pages 2-21 in the correct order and that none of these pages are blank. Page 22 has been left blank deliberately.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE

EXAMINATION.

Pacific Senior Secondary Certificate

AGRICULTURE

2011

QUESTION and ANSWER BOOKLET

Time allowed: Three hours

Student Personal Identification

Number (SPIN)

No. 10/1

TOTAL MARKS:

120

Marker Code

2

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (20 marks)

• Answer questions 1-20 on the fold-out flap at the back of this booklet.

• Each question is worth ONE mark.

• Choose the best answer and then write the letter in the box opposite the question number.

• If you want to change your answer, cross out the first choice and write the letter of your

second choice beside the box like this: B

1. Today our ecosystems are affected by changing weather patterns caused mainly by the

A. melting polar ice. B. increase in temperature. C. increase in greenhouse gases. D. increase in global industrial waste.

2. A homozygous trait is defined as

A. the appearance of an organism. B. an organism that carries two identical alleles. C. an organism that carries two different alleles. D. the two letters that make up the organism’s genes.

3. A cross between two traits was made using a punnett square as given below.

R r

R RR A

r Rr B

The genes for A and B are

A. RR, rr. B. Rr, Rr. C. Rr, rr. D. RR, Rr.

A

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Use the soil texture triangle to answer questions 4 and 5.

4. The soil proportions for point B in the diagram are

A. Sand 60%, Silt 30%, Clay 10%. B. Sand 60%, Silt 10%, Clay 30%. C. Sand 10%, Silt 60%, Clay 30%. D. Sand 10%, Silt 30%, Clay 60%.

5. The textural class of point B is

A. Loam. B. Sandy loam. C. Loamy sand. D. Sandy clay loam.

B

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Use the diagram below to answer question 6.

6. The shaded area of the graph shows the _______________ area.

A. Loss B. Profit C. Revenue D. Total Cost

7. The three main resources of a farm are

A. labor, crops and land. B. land, labor and capital. C. money, labor and stock. D. buildings, stock and pasture.

8. If Total Cost is $245,000 and Variable Cost is $40,000. What is the Fixed Cost?

A. $205,000 B. $215,000 C. $240,000 D. $285,000

9. One way to increase the price of koko samoa in the market is by increasing the

A. supply each day. B. number of plants. C. amount of fertiliser. D. quality of koko samoa.

Total revenue

Total cost

Variable cost

Fixed cost

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10. The key to efficient utilisation of scarce resources is A. records. B. budgeting. C. management. D. linear programming.

11. One advantage of Agro-forestry is to A. protect crops from pests and diseases. B. serve as a source of potassium and iron. C. protect farming from pathogen infection. D. serve as a source of shelter for seedlings.

12. The best method to protect vegetables from insects like crickets and grasshoppers is by

A. ridging. B. fencing. C. spraying. D. intercropping.

13. Complete the photosynthesis process.

A. CH2O + O2 B. H2O + O2 C. CH2O + CO2 D. CO2 + O2

H20 + CO2 = +

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Use the diagram below to answer questions 14 and 15.

14. The part labeled C is known as A. Guard cell. B. Upper epidermis. C. Spongy mesophyll. D. Palisade mesophyll.

15. The function of the part labeled C is to A. maximise light absorption. B. allow rapid diffusion of CO2. C. transport sugar away from the leaf. D. transport water and minerals to the leaf.

Use the diagram below to answer question 16.

16. The propagation method shown in the picture is

A. budding. B. grafting. C. marcotting. D. air layering.

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Study the information about the seven sows from the USP piggery in the table and answer questions 17 and 18.

Sow number Breed Number of

teats

Litter size Growth rate

(g/day)

2 Duroc 14 14 30

7 Duroc 10 6 4

8 Duroc 12 10 8

12 Duroc 14 12 15

19 Duroc 14 14 32

23 Duroc 12 10 12

30 Duroc 16 16 35

17. Which sow should be sold immediately instead of allowing it to breed?

A. 7 B. 8 C. 19 D. 30

18. Which sow should be retained for breeding on the farm?

A. 7 B. 8 C. 19 D. 30

19. Commercial pig farmers prefer landrace breeds because they

A. grow fast and have strong bones. B. produce large litter sizes and fatty carcasses. C. are highly prolific and produce a lot of milk. D. are good feed converters and produce good quality carcasses.

20. Which of the following is an example of inbreeding?

A. Angus x Hereford B. Brahman x Hereford C. Local pig x large white D. Father Zebu x daughter Zebu

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SECTION B: FREE RESPONSE (100 marks)

� This section has FIVE parts. Answer ALL parts. � Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

PART A: AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEM (6 marks)

1. Use the picture below to answer the questions that follow.

a. Describe the type of ecosystem shown in the picture. Give a reason for your answer.

Ecosystem _________________________________________________________________ Reason____________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

b. State TWO things that will happen to the ecosystem when overgrazing becomes a common practice.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

c. Give TWO ways you can maintain this agricultural ecosystem.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

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Part A

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PART B: SOIL (10 marks)

1. The picture shows one important soil organism. Use the picture to answer the questions that

follow. a. Name the soil organism shown above.

___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Describe TWO important roles of this soil organism in changing soil fertility.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

2. Sarah went to the Agriculture Store to buy fertiliser for her tomato garden. The table below gives the NPK ratios of the fertilizers available at the store.

Fertilizer (NPK) NPK ratio

X 5:20:15

Y 15:15:15

Z 20:20:10

a. Give the Nitrogen and Potassium ratios for fertilizer Z.

Nitrogen __________________ Potassium __________________

(2 marks)

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b. Describe TWO ways in which Sarah can apply fertilizer to her tomato garden.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

3. Use the picture below to answer the questions that follow.

a. Name the type of water erosion shown in the picture.

_________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Explain how this type of erosion destroys farm land.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

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Part B

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PART C: PLANT PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION (25 marks) 1. Use the information given in the diagram to help you answer the following questions.

a. Name the insect pest shown above.

__________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Give ONE symptom of plant damage caused by this insect pest.

__________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. Name TWO control methods that can be used to control this pest.

i. ______________________________________________________________________

ii. ______________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

d. Explain TWO economic impacts of the pest on farmers.

i. ______________________________________________________________________

ii. ______________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

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2. Use the picture below to answer parts a-c. a. What plant reproduction method is illustrated in the picture? (Tick the correct answer.)

Pollination Air layering Grafting (1 mark)

b. List TWO advantages of the above reproduction method.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

c. List TWO disadvantages of the above reproduction method.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

3. A class was given an assignment to calculate the percentage (%) germination of cucumber

seeds. They planted 3 packets of seeds. Each packet contained 20 seeds. If 43 seeds germinated successfully, what is the percentage germination for the 3 packets of seeds?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

Bee

Flower

% Germination = Number of plants x 100

Number of seeds planted

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4. The diagram shows an experiment set up to investigate water loss and water uptake by a green plant. The roots were washed before placing the plant in the measuring cylinder. The experiment was weighed at the start of the investigation and again 24 hours later.

Mass of the equipment

containing the plant (g)

Volume of

water in the

measuring

cylinder (cm3)

Start of investigation

220 100

24 hours later

210 88

a. Which of the following processes is responsible for the loss of water in the leaves? (Tick the

correct answer.)

(1 mark) b. Calculate the loss of weight during the 24-hour period.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

5. Define the following terms.

i. Xylem ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

ii. Phloem ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Measuring cylinder

Water

Layer of oil

Plant

Absorption Transpiration Photosynthesis

The scale on the measuring cylinder was used to read the volume of water before and after the 24-hour period. The

table shows the results.

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iii. Asexual reproduction ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

iv. Dormancy ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

v. Weeds ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (5 marks)

6. The graph shows the yield of three varieties of taro in a research station trial over a year. a. At which time of the year (3-month period) is the yield of taro variety 3 (V3) highest?

___________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Which variety of taro would you recommend farmers grow? Give a reason for your choice.

Recommended variety _______________________________

Reason __________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

16 14 12 10 8 6

4 2

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Month

Yield (t/ha)

Yield of three taro varieties

V1

V2

V3

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Part C

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PART D: ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION (33 marks)

1. The diagram below shows the digestive system of a ruminant animal.

Describe the functions of the following parts of the digestive system of a ruminant.

i. Reticulum ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

ii. Rumen ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

iii. Omasum ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

iv. Abomasum ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (4 marks)

2. Choose ONE of the diseases below, name it and fill in the table.

(5 marks)

Disease

Symptoms i.

ii.

Control i.

ii.

Brucellosis Mastitis Tuberculosis

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3. The picture shows a local pig breed.

a. Give TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of this type of breed.

Advantages i. _________________________________________________________

ii. _________________________________________________________

Disadvantages i. _________________________________________________________

ii. _________________________________________________________ (4 marks)

4. Use the information given below to answer part a. Rimoni is a dairy cattle farmer and has struggled all year with low production due to the poor performance of his livestock. He decides to go looking for better livestock and comes across one farm selling newly imported cattle. There were two types of breeds being sold, each having its own special characteristics as shown in the diagram. a. Which breed should Rimoni buy? Give a reason for your answer.

Breed ______________________ (1 mark) Reason __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

Breed B Breed A

High milk production

Good meat

quality

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5. Ticks are one of the most common Ectoparasites found in pig farms. a. Explain the term Ectoparasite.

___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Give TWO symptoms of an animal suffering from tick infestation.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

c. Give TWO reasons why it is important to control this parasite.

i. ________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

6. The nutritional requirements of an animal are vital for its growth and reproduction. Use your

understanding of feed and nutritional requirements to answer parts a-c. a. Explain why the food requirements of a sow change during pregnancy.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

b. Name TWO common feeds used for pigs.

i. ___________________________________________________

ii. ___________________________________________________ (2 marks)

c. Name TWO major nutrients required by pigs.

i. ___________________________________________________

ii. ___________________________________________________ (2 marks)

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7. Use the picture to answer parts a and b. a. Identify ONE animal handling problem in the picture.

___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Describe the correct way the pig should be handled when carrying out management practices.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

8. The picture shows a method of identification of cattle. Study the picture carefully and use it to answer parts a-c.

a. Name the method shown.

__________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Explain why farmers use this method.

__________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. Give ONE advantage of this method.

___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

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Part D

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PART E: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING (26 marks)

1. Susana has one hectare of land which she has planted with maize. The cost of production and

the total revenue of her maize farm is given below. a. Calculate the total revenue.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

b. Calculate the cost for fertilizer only.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

c. Calculate the variable cost.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

d. Calculate the gross margin.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

Sales revenue 1600 kg of maize at $60 per kg Variable costs 3 bags of 10 kg maize at $24 per bag 2 bags of 50 kg single superphosphate at $22 per bag

1 bag of 100 kg sulphate of ammonia at $29 per bag

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2. The table shows the recording system of a pig farm.

Sow number Farrowing date Litter number

Sow 1 23.05.10 9

Sow 2 20.05.10 7

Sow 3 18.05.10 8

Sow 4 16.05.10 6

Sow 5 10.05.10 7

a. What date did Sow 3 give birth?

___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Explain why it is important to keep records.

___________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

3. Complete the marketing channel using the following terms.

(3 marks)

4. Give ONE reason why the price of taro varies from time to time.

___________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

5. Define the following terms.

i. Break-even point ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

ii. Net profit ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Producer Wholesaler Consumer Middleman Retailer Farm

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iii. Middleman ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

iv. Market ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ (4 marks)

6. Use the pictures to answer parts a and b. a. Name each piece of equipment.

A _________________________ B _________________________ (2 marks)

b. Name and give the function of the part labeled X.

Name______________________________________________________________________ Function___________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

7. Give TWO ways in which tools and equipment should be properly stored.

i. _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

ii. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

A B

X

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Part E

22

This page has been left blank deliberately.

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ANSWER SHEET AGRICULTURE

Multiple Choice Section 2011

(For markers only)

SECTION A Marker Check

Marker

Multiple Choice

20

SECTION B Marker Check

Marker

PART A: Agricultural

Ecosystem

6

PART B: Soil

10

PART C: Plant Production &

Protection

25

PART D: Animal Production

& Protection

33

PART E: Agricultural

Management &

Agricultural

Marketing

26

TOTAL

120

Student Personnel Identification

Number (SPIN)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

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CHECK QUESTION NUMBER