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Agricultural Agricultural Hazards Hazards Marissa Morton SAAIP Top Jobs Intern

Agricultural Hazards Marissa Morton SAAIP Top Jobs Intern

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Agricultural Agricultural HazardsHazards

Marissa MortonSAAIP Top Jobs Intern

Mechanical HazardsMechanical Hazards

Pinch Point—Hazard that is formed when Pinch Point—Hazard that is formed when two machine parts move together and at two machine parts move together and at least one of the parts moves in a circleleast one of the parts moves in a circle

Wrap Point—Any type of rotating Wrap Point—Any type of rotating machine componentmachine component

Shear Point—when the edges of two Shear Point—when the edges of two machine parts move across or close machine parts move across or close enough to each other to cut a relatively enough to each other to cut a relatively soft materialsoft material

Mechanical HazardsMechanical Hazards Crush Points—formed when two objects Crush Points—formed when two objects

are moving toward each other, or when are moving toward each other, or when one object is moving toward a stationary one object is moving toward a stationary object, and the gap between the two is object, and the gap between the two is decreasingdecreasing

Pull-In Points—parts that come close Pull-In Points—parts that come close with each other, such as feed rolls, often with each other, such as feed rolls, often form pull-in points.form pull-in points.

Burn Points—Hot mufflers, engine Burn Points—Hot mufflers, engine blocks, pipes, and fluids (fuel, oils, blocks, pipes, and fluids (fuel, oils, chemicals)chemicals)

Mechanical HazardsMechanical Hazards

Freewheeling Parts—parts of a Freewheeling Parts—parts of a machine continue moving after the machine continue moving after the power to the machine is turned off.power to the machine is turned off.

Stored Energy—energy that is Stored Energy—energy that is confined is released unexpectedly.confined is released unexpectedly.

Thrown Object—occurs as normal Thrown Object—occurs as normal machine operations discharge machine operations discharge materials into the surrounding materials into the surrounding environment.environment.

Noise HazardsNoise Hazards Noise is measured in decibels.Noise is measured in decibels. Examples:Examples:

15 Decibels = A Whisper15 Decibels = A Whisper 50 Decibels = Gentle Breeze50 Decibels = Gentle Breeze 60 Decibels = Normal Talk Level60 Decibels = Normal Talk Level 90 Decibels = Chopping Silage90 Decibels = Chopping Silage 100 Decibels = Tractor at work100 Decibels = Tractor at work 140 Decibels = Shotgun Blast or Jet Engine140 Decibels = Shotgun Blast or Jet Engine

Sound loss starts occurring at about 85 Sound loss starts occurring at about 85 DecibelsDecibels

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Respiratory HazardsRespiratory Hazards

Dusts—solid particles (0.1-25 microns Dusts—solid particles (0.1-25 microns in size) created by handling, crushing, in size) created by handling, crushing, grinding, and moving materials such as grinding, and moving materials such as rock, metal, wood, and crops.rock, metal, wood, and crops.

Mists—Liquid droplets suspended in Mists—Liquid droplets suspended in the air represent mists as a respiration the air represent mists as a respiration hazard (example: paint sprays and hazard (example: paint sprays and cutting oil).cutting oil).

Fumes—Material that becomes Fumes—Material that becomes airborne during welding (metal welding airborne during welding (metal welding rod and flux) are examples of fumes.rod and flux) are examples of fumes.

Gases and VaporsGases and Vapors

Common gases and vapors include Common gases and vapors include those from:those from: Manure GasesManure Gases Farm Shop GasesFarm Shop Gases Silo GasesSilo Gases Welding VaporsWelding Vapors Engine VaporsEngine Vapors Solvents and Paint ThinnersSolvents and Paint Thinners

Lung Disease and Lung Disease and AsthmaAsthma

Farmer’s Lung—Allergic reaction caused Farmer’s Lung—Allergic reaction caused by inhaling moldy hay, straw, and grain.by inhaling moldy hay, straw, and grain.

Organic Dust Toxicity Syndrome (ODTS)Organic Dust Toxicity Syndrome (ODTS)—caused by a reaction to inhaling molds —caused by a reaction to inhaling molds from spoiling grain and forage.from spoiling grain and forage.

Asthma—Disease of the respiratory Asthma—Disease of the respiratory system. The small air tubes in the lungs system. The small air tubes in the lungs tend to swell and air tubes tighten when tend to swell and air tubes tighten when an asthma attack occurs.an asthma attack occurs.

Working With LivestockWorking With Livestock Youth under age 16 are prohibited Youth under age 16 are prohibited

from working in a yard, pen, or stall from working in a yard, pen, or stall with:with: Cows with newborn calvesCows with newborn calves Bulls, boars, or stud horses kept for Bulls, boars, or stud horses kept for

breeding purposesbreeding purposes Sows with nursing pigsSows with nursing pigs

Be aware of “Flight Zones”Be aware of “Flight Zones” Flight zones are animals personal space. Flight zones are animals personal space.

An excited animal has a larger flight zone.An excited animal has a larger flight zone.

Working with LivestockWorking with Livestock Precautions to Take:Precautions to Take:

Plan an escape routePlan an escape route Wear steel-toed shoesWear steel-toed shoes Avoid animals hind legsAvoid animals hind legs Use squeeze clutches to hold animalsUse squeeze clutches to hold animals Approach livestock so that animals can see you Approach livestock so that animals can see you

comingcoming Move cattle in well lit placesMove cattle in well lit places Avoid loud noises and quick movementsAvoid loud noises and quick movements Be patientBe patient Keep animal handling facilities clear of sharp Keep animal handling facilities clear of sharp

objectsobjects Ask for help when moving animals if the animal Ask for help when moving animals if the animal

is excited or nervousis excited or nervous If the animal is nervous, wait 30 minutes before If the animal is nervous, wait 30 minutes before

moving the animalmoving the animal

Point of BalancePoint of Balance An animal’s point of balance is the An animal’s point of balance is the

shouldershoulder If you stand behind the shoulder, the If you stand behind the shoulder, the

animal will move forward.animal will move forward. When you stand in front of the When you stand in front of the

shoulder, the animal will stop shoulder, the animal will stop moving forwardmoving forward

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Agricultural PesticidesAgricultural Pesticides

There are four ways that chemical There are four ways that chemical exposure can occur:exposure can occur: Oral (mouth)Oral (mouth) Dermal (skin)Dermal (skin) Inhalation (lungs)Inhalation (lungs) Ocular (eyes)Ocular (eyes)

Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards

Two types of hazards:Two types of hazards: Electric Shock HazardElectric Shock Hazard Heat and Fire HazardHeat and Fire Hazard

Electrical Devices UsedElectrical Devices Used Distribution PanelDistribution Panel Underwriters Laboratories Underwriters Laboratories Switches and Receptacles Switches and Receptacles

Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards

Circuit Breakers and FusesCircuit Breakers and Fuses GroundingGrounding Lock-OutsLock-Outs Hostile Farm ConditionsHostile Farm Conditions Extension CordsExtension Cords Underground UtilitiesUnderground Utilities

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Key Terms in Fire SafetyKey Terms in Fire Safety Auto-IgnitionAuto-Ignition CombustibleCombustible Flammable/NonflammableFlammable/Nonflammable Flash PointFlash Point Kindling Point/Ignition PointKindling Point/Ignition Point Spontaneous CombustionSpontaneous Combustion VaporsVapors VolatilityVolatility

The Fire TriangleThe Fire Triangle

There are three things necessary to There are three things necessary to start a fire:start a fire: FuelFuel HeatHeat AirAir

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Fire Prevention and Fire Prevention and ControlControl

Work-Site AnalysisWork-Site Analysis Maintenance and HousekeepingMaintenance and Housekeeping Fire Prevention and Control TrainingFire Prevention and Control Training

Using a Fire Extinguisher Using a Fire Extinguisher

4 Step process called PASS4 Step process called PASS PPull the Pinull the Pin AAim at the base of the fireim at the base of the fire SSqueeze the triggerqueeze the trigger SSweep from side to sideweep from side to side

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Preventing Hay FiresPreventing Hay Fires

Harvest Practices—mow in early Harvest Practices—mow in early morning morning

Conditioning Practices—less than Conditioning Practices—less than 50% humidity50% humidity

Bailing Practices—18-20% moistureBailing Practices—18-20% moisture Storage Practices—store hay under Storage Practices—store hay under

cover cover

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What is a Confined What is a Confined Space?Space? OSHA defines confined spaces as:OSHA defines confined spaces as:

Space large enough and so configured that Space large enough and so configured that a person can enter and perform assigned a person can enter and perform assigned work.work.

Space limited in openings for entry and Space limited in openings for entry and exit purposesexit purposes

Space lacking natural ventilation Space lacking natural ventilation Space that could contain or produce Space that could contain or produce

dangerous contaminants dangerous contaminants Space not intended for continuous human Space not intended for continuous human

occupancyoccupancy

Silo Safety GuidelinesSilo Safety Guidelines

Stay out of newly filled silos for at Stay out of newly filled silos for at least 2 weeks—use breathing least 2 weeks—use breathing apparatus if you must enterapparatus if you must enter

Close feed room door to barnClose feed room door to barn If silo must be enteredIf silo must be entered

Run Ventilation fanRun Ventilation fan Get help from an adultGet help from an adult Wear dust maskWear dust mask

Plugged Equipment—Plugged Equipment—Safety TipsSafety Tips

Disengage power to the machineDisengage power to the machine Turn off tractor engineTurn off tractor engine Wait for free-wheeling blower fan Wait for free-wheeling blower fan

blades to come to a complete stopblades to come to a complete stop DO NOT use your hands and feet to DO NOT use your hands and feet to

unplug a machine!unplug a machine!

Grain Bin SafetyGrain Bin Safety

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Manure StorageManure Storage

Hazardous Manure Gases:Hazardous Manure Gases: Hydrogen SulfideHydrogen Sulfide AmmoniaAmmonia Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide MethaneMethane

Manure Storage Manure Storage PrecautionsPrecautions

Keep people and animals out of confinement Keep people and animals out of confinement buildings during manure storage agitation and buildings during manure storage agitation and pumpingpumping

Ventilate the area for several hoursVentilate the area for several hours Allow one to two feet of air space above Allow one to two feet of air space above

manure surface for gasesmanure surface for gases Prohibit smoking and other ignition sourcesProhibit smoking and other ignition sources Keep manure agitators below liquid manure’s Keep manure agitators below liquid manure’s

surfacesurface Remove temporary access laddersRemove temporary access ladders Lock access to permanent laddersLock access to permanent ladders Do not drive on crusted manure surfacesDo not drive on crusted manure surfaces Warn visitors and guests of hazardsWarn visitors and guests of hazards Post signs at manure storage areasPost signs at manure storage areas

Anhydrous AmmoniaAnhydrous Ammonia

System Components Include:System Components Include: Nurse/Delivery TankNurse/Delivery Tank Control Valves (for withdrawal, fill, Control Valves (for withdrawal, fill,

pressure relief, and return lines)pressure relief, and return lines) Pressure GaugesPressure Gauges Transfer HosesTransfer Hoses Applicator Tank (for field application)Applicator Tank (for field application)

Chemical Safety PointsChemical Safety Points

Read product labels to understand Read product labels to understand the safety requirements of the the safety requirements of the productproduct

Do not mix chemical solutions Do not mix chemical solutions without adult supervisionwithout adult supervision

Use proper personal protective Use proper personal protective equipment to protect eyes, skin, and equipment to protect eyes, skin, and lungs.lungs.

Animal HazardsAnimal Hazards

Zoonoses—term that denotes diseases Zoonoses—term that denotes diseases that can be transmitted between that can be transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. There vertebrate animals and humans. There are several ways in which it can be are several ways in which it can be transmitted:transmitted: Direct Animal Contact: animal manure, Direct Animal Contact: animal manure,

urine, bedding, and products such as raw urine, bedding, and products such as raw meat, unprocessed milk, hides, hair, etc.meat, unprocessed milk, hides, hair, etc.

Indirect Animal Contact: soil, plants, and Indirect Animal Contact: soil, plants, and water (surface and well water) may be water (surface and well water) may be contaminated by animal wastecontaminated by animal waste

Stinging/Biting InsectsStinging/Biting Insects

Wasps, hornets, bees, spiders, Wasps, hornets, bees, spiders, tarantulas, and other stinging and tarantulas, and other stinging and biting insects are found throughout biting insects are found throughout AmericaAmerica

Two types of insect bite reactions:Two types of insect bite reactions: Allergic ReactionAllergic Reaction Anaphylactic Shock (caused by insect Anaphylactic Shock (caused by insect

venom and is a serious medical venom and is a serious medical emergency)emergency)

Poisonous SnakesPoisonous Snakes Poisonous snakes typically have angular Poisonous snakes typically have angular

heads and a pit in front of the eyes.heads and a pit in front of the eyes.Take the following precautions if such a Take the following precautions if such a snake is encountered:snake is encountered: Slowly back awaySlowly back away Make no sudden movesMake no sudden moves Report incident to those that may need to work in Report incident to those that may need to work in

the same areathe same area If a bite occurs, use the following guidelines:If a bite occurs, use the following guidelines:

Allow bite to bleed freely for 15-30 secondsAllow bite to bleed freely for 15-30 seconds Clean and disinfect the areaClean and disinfect the area Stay CalmStay Calm Get assistance to travel to emergency medical Get assistance to travel to emergency medical

carecare

Rabies and Lyme DiseaseRabies and Lyme Disease

Rabies is a viral disease of mammals, Rabies is a viral disease of mammals, typically transmitted through the bite of typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.an infected animal.

Avoid animals that show strange Avoid animals that show strange behavior.behavior.

Lyme disease affects people who have Lyme disease affects people who have been bitten by a deer tick, but failed to been bitten by a deer tick, but failed to notice that the insect attached itself to notice that the insect attached itself to them.them.

If you think you are affected by Lyme If you think you are affected by Lyme disease, contact a doctor right away.disease, contact a doctor right away.