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Agilent LTE PHY Poster
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Understanding the Intricacies ofLTE and LTE-Advanced Agilent LTE Design & Test Portfolio
Product specifi cations and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice. ©Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2008-2012 Printed in USA., December 20, 2012 5989-7646EN
Wireless Design Library
SystemVue
RDX DigRF Test Environment X-Series Signal Analyzers
89600 VSA for FDD and TDD
with MIMO
LTE Measurement Application
MXA Signal Analyzer with MXG Signal Generator
6607B EXT Wireless Communications Test Set and
E6617A Multi-port Adapter
MXG Signal Generator
Signal StudioSoftware
PXB Baseband Generator and Channel Emulator
M9381APXIe Vector
Signal Generator
16800 Series Portable Logic Analyzer
Infi niium 90000 X-Series Oscilloscope
Handheld RF Cable and Antenna Tester
FieldFox RF Handheld Analyzer
HandheldSpectrum Analyzer
E6621APXT Wireless
CommunicationsTest Set
N7109A Multi-Channel Signal
N6070A SeriesSignalingConformanceTest System
InteractiveFunctional Test(IFT) Software
N6781A
2-Quadrant Battery
Drain Analysis
89600 WLA Wireless Link Analysis Software
T4010S LTE RF Conformance Test System
Simulation Signal Creation — UL/DL Baseband Analysis Signal Analysis — UL/DL UE Integration and Verifi cation Conformance Test Manufacturing Install/Maintenance
Agilent Covers the LTE and LTE Advanced Lifecycle
Comparing OFDMA and SC-FDMA
LTE Major FeaturesFeature CapabilityAccess modes FDD and TDD – with a common 10 ms frame timing but different frame structuresVariable channel bandwidth 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz All bandwidths apply for FDD and TDD
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz UL and DL, two Rx antennas, one Tx antenna
User data rates DL: 172.8 Mbps (2x2 single user MIMO, 64QAM); UL: 86.4 Mbps (single link 64QAM)
Downlink transmission OFDMA using QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAMUplink transmission Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) using QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAMDL spatial diversity Open loop Tx diversity Single-user MIMO up to 4x4 supportableUL spatial diversity Optional open loop Tx diversity, 2x2 multi-user MIMO, optional 2x2 single user MIMO
Transmission time interval 1 ms
H-ARQ retransmission time 8 ms
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI: UL once per 0.5 ms slot, DL once per 66 µs symbolInter-TTI across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only – no circuit switched voice or data services are supported → voice must use VoIP
Unicast scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band); Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) supporting multicast/broadcast over single frequency network (MBSFN) – Release 9
FDD Uplink Physical Mapping
TDD Frame StructuresDL, UL, and Special Subframe
TDD 5ms Switch Periodicity Mapping
LTE downlink: Uses OFDMA multi-carrier modulation scheme with closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers.
LTE uplink: Uses single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) to reduce peak to average ratio and power consumption.
Learn more about LTE and its measurements
with the NEW 2nd edition book of LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless.
www.agilent.com/fi nd/ltebook
2nd edition book of LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless.
1. Carrier Aggregation Carrier Aggregation is the creation of wider bandwidths through the aggregation of 20 MHz contiguous and non-contiguous component carriers to achieve up to 100 MHz of spectrum.
3. RelayingThe relay method is the use of a repeater, which receives, amplifi es, and then retransmits the downlink and uplink signals to overcome areas of poor coverage.
Relay node
Relay nodeRelay node
2. Clustered SC-FDMA with simultaneous PUSCH/PUCCHFor the uplink, clustered SC-FDMA is similar to SC-FDMA but has the advantage that it allows non-contiguous (clustered) groups of subcarriers to be allocated for transmission by a single UE, enabling uplink frequency-selective scheduling. In addition, there can be simultaneous transmission of control and data channels by allowing the PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and the PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) to be transmitted simultaneously.
LTE-Advanced Features
4. Enhanced multiple antenna transmission Downlink: 8 antennas, 8 streams Uplink: 4 antennas, 4 streams
5. Coordinated multipoint Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) is an advanced variant of MIMO. The difference between the two systems is that with coordinated multipoint, the transmitters do not have to be physically co-located, although they are linked by some type of high speed data connection and can share payload data.
6. Heterogeneous network supportThe network includes a mixture of different base station classes such as local area BS (picocell), home BS (femtocell) and relay node, all occupying the same frequency. This scenario has been termed “het-net” for short.
f
f
Band A
Band A Band B
Component Carrier (CC)Up to 20 MHz BW
Frequency
Different scenarios
PUSCH PUCCH
www.agilent.com/fi nd/ltewww.agilent.com/fi nd/lte
www.agilent.com/fi nd/lte-a
Greater insight. Greater confi dence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.
One subframe (1 ms) One slot (0.5 ms)
One radio frame, Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 msOne half-frame, 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
Special subframe (1 ms)
Special subframe (1 ms)
Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.552 nsecTs = Time clock unit for definitions
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
For 5 ms switch-point periodicity
For 10 ms switch-point periodicity
DwPTS GP UpPTS
DwPTS GP UpPTS
DwPTS GP UpPTS
FDD Frame StructuresFDD Downlink Frame Structure
FDD Downlink Physical Mapping
FDD Uplink Physical Mapping
16QAM 64QAM QPSK
Time
Frequency
P-SS – Primary synchronization signal is transmitted on symbol 6 of slots 0 and 10 of each radio frameS-SS – Secondary synchronization signal is transmitted on symbol 5 of slots 0 and 10 of each radio framePBCH – Physical broadcast channel is located in 4 symbolsof sub-frame 0 only on symbols 0 to 3 of slot 1
PDCCH – Physical downlink control channel exists on all sub-carriers at the start of the first slot PDSCH – Physical downlink shared channel – carries the payload data for multiple usersReference signal – (Pilot) – Reference signals are located at symbol 0 and symbol 4 of every slot
1 sub-frame= 2 slots= 1ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19
The cyclic prefix is created by prepending each symbolwith a copy of the end of the symbol
1 frame = 10 sub-frames= 10 ms
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
Nsymb OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols at normal CP)
(x Ts)
etc.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
DL
1 slot = 15360 x Ts= 0.5 ms
Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.6 ns
0 1 2 3 4 5 6CP CP CP CP CP CP CP
Tim
e
Frequency
16QAM 64QAM Zadoff-ChuPUSCH ≥ 3 RB
QPSKPUSCH < 3 RB
or PUCCH
QPSK BPSK (1a) QPSK (1b)
Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
Demodulation reference signal for PUSCH
Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)
Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH format 1a/1b
The cyclic prefix is created by prepending each symbolwith a copy of the end of the symbol
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 slot = 15360 x Ts= 0.5 ms
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
etc.CP CP CP CP CP CP CP
Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.6 ns0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS(3-12 symbols)
UpPTS(1-2 symbols)
GP(1-10 symbols)
P-SSS-SSPBCHPDCCHPDSCH
Reference signal (Demodulation)PUCCHUpPTS – Uplink pilot time slotDL/UL subframe
Nsymb OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols at normal CP)DL
The graph shows an example sequence of eight QPSK symbols with four sub-carriers. For OFDMA, four symbols are taken in parallel, each modulating its own sub-carrier at the appropriate QPSK phase. After one OFDMA symbol period, a guard period called the cyclic prefi x (CP) is inserted before the next OFDMA symbol period.
For SC-FDMA each symbol is transmitted sequentially and the four data symbols are transmitted in one SC-FDMA symbol period. The higher rate data symbols require four times the spectrum bandwidth. Note the OFDMA and SC-FDMA symbol periods are the same.
Q
I
1, 11, 1 –1,–1
–1,–1
–1, 1–1, 1 1, –1
1, –1
1, 1–1,–1 –1, 11, –1
15 kHz
QPSK modulatingdata symbols
fc
V
CP
OFDMA
Sequence of QPSK data symbols to be transmitted
60 kHzFrequency
OFDMA
symbol
OFDMA
symbol
fc
V
CP
Time
Frequency
SC-FDMA
symbol
SC-FDMA
symbol
Time
SC-FDMA
Constan
t
subcar
rier po
wer
during
each
SC-FDMA
symbol
period
5989-7646EN 12-20-12.indd 1 12/20/12 11:39 AM