Agenda [Copy]: How did the church influence life in medieval Europe?

• Do Now [Don’t copy – simply address all of the below listed queries]: Write down your answers.

1. As per the first Amendment of U.S. Constitution [the

main governing laws of America], consider the separation between church and state in the United States [the church & gov’t simply don’t mix. They are and shall remain separate]. Why the separation?

2. In correlation [connection] to homework#4, what does this separation mean for the church, the U.S. government and all citizens?

3. State whether you think the separation is positive or negative. Why? Explain your response.

Section 3: The Power of the ChurchMain Idea

Reform and changes swept through the Christian Church, one of the most influential institutions in medieval Europe.

Today’s Focus

• What was the nature and influence of religion in the Middle Ages?

• What led to the growth of papal power in Europe?

• What changes in monasticism were introduced in the Middle Ages?

Chapter 13 - The Rise of the Middle AgesSection 5: The Power of the Church

Notre Dame de Paris: Construction began:1163

Completed :1345

Objective I

In connection to homework# 4 and your understanding of 13.3, create a chart that demonstrates the hierarchy [a pyramid] of the medieval church from top to bottom. Give a brief description of each category of hierarchy and duties/responsibilities.

Objective 2

Put yourselves in the shoes of a medievalEuropean. Who might you fear more, the churchor king? Why? Specify: Compare the powers of

church and king [please write it out].

Answer/response to objective IIAlways keep in mind that the powers of

excommunication and interdict often seemed more mighty and frightening than the powers of the monarch/king. True, a king might imprison or even execute you, but if the church excommunicated a person, he/she would not only be shunned [socially, politically and economically banished/ostracized] in life, but also doomed for eternity. With the church, one fears social banishment in their lifetime and eternal damnation in the next life, death (possibly in hell).

Throughout the Middle Ages, the churchwas one of the few sources of leadershipand stability that people could rely upon.

One historian has noted that “The continuity and the authority of the Church

of Rome stood out in marked contrastagainst the short-lived kingdoms which

rose and fell in the early Middle Ages.” Asa result, the Catholic church became oneof medieval Europe’s most powerful and

enduring institutions.

Section 5: The Power of the Church

From 590 to 1517, the Roman Church dominated the western world. The Roman Catholic Church controlled religion, philosophy, morals, politics, art and education.

The Medieval Catholic The Medieval Catholic ChurchChurch

filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.

monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of

poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of

the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books

and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the

barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII, though unpopular, initiated many reforms for the church. These reforms became known as the Gregorian reforms.Pope Gregory Stated:

The Church was founded by God AloneThe pope alone can with right be called universal.The pope alone can depose or reinstate bishopsThe pope’s name alone can be spoken in churchesThe pope may depose of emperorsThe pope may be judged by no oneThe Roman Church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity, the Scripture bearing witness.

The Church Supreme• The attempts to make the church more powerful

did not end with Gregory VII. During the 12th and 13th century the Popes continued to strengthen the papacy.

• Pope Innocent III declared the Act of Papal Supremacy. He stated that the Pope was, – “lower than God but higher than man . . . Judges all

and is judged by no one. . . . Princes have power on earth, priests over the soul. As much as the soul is worthier than the body, so much worthier is the priesthood than the monarchy . . . NO king can reign rightly unless he devoutly serve Christ’s vicar.”

Handout: Examine the church “flex its ecclesiastical muscles”

Examine a handout focused on the two most powerful institutions in middle age (Monarchy vs. the Church/Pope) Europe opposing one another over power/prestige – Let’s get ready to rumble….

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.

the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.

tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.

curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to

the church. Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person

[paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

I. Religion in the Middle AgesMedieval church had broad political power, performed many government functions

Emperor Henry IV waited three days to meet Pope Gregory VII and the Countess Matilda

I. Religion in the Middle AgesBy 1200s, the church was a leading landownerand wealthiest institution in Europe

I. Religion in the Middle AgesClergy was organized in strict hierarchy of rank–parish priest was at bottom

Saint John Marie-Baptiste Vianney is the patron saint of parish priests

I. Religion in the Middle AgesPriests directly served people in parish; administered five of the seven sacraments

I. Religion in the Middle AgesBishops managed a diocese; performedsacraments of confirmation and holy orders

I. Religion in the Middle AgesKings or nobles selected bishops based on family connections or political power

I. Religion in the Middle AgesArchbishops managed a group of several dioceses called an archdiocese

The chief diocese in a province. To help things run smoothly, one bishop in each province has seniority. He's an archbishop and his diocese is an archdiocese.

I. Religion in the Middle AgesCardinals most important and powerful clergy; advised pope on legal and spiritual matters

Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, 1510-12

Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi, Raphael 1518

I. Religion in the Middle AgesPope held supreme authority during his pontificate; head of ecclesiastical courts; power to excommunicate

Galileo in front of the Inquisition, 12 April 1633

I. Religion in the Middle Ages1054 - Bishop of Constantinople rejected Pope Leo IX’s authority; excommunication split church into Roman Catholics and Orthodox

Pope Benedict XVI and Patriarch Bartholomew

II. MonasticismMonasticism - life in religious communities; monks in monasteries and nuns in convents

II. MonasticismMonks and nuns served God through fasting,prayer, and self-denial

A monk at work in a monastic scriptorium

II. MonasticismBenedict established monastery in the 500s;Benedictine Rule governed monks’ lives

II. MonasticismBenedictine Rule abandoned in 900s after rulers began appointing unqualified abbots

II. MonasticismNew monastery at Cluny, France, reestablished Benedictine Rule; became most influential monastery in Europe

III. The Church and Medieval LifeChurch leaders were feudal lords and politicaladvisors; popes held political and spiritual power over monarchs

III. The Church and Medieval LifeThe church had the power to tax; parish priests collected a tithe - one-tenth of a person’s income

III. The Church and Medieval LifeMajor problems in the church were layinvestiture and simony

Jan Hus, a Bohemian preacher who called for Church reforms, was declared a heretic by the Church. Hus was

summoned to the Council of Constance and burned at the stake in 1415.

III. The Church and Medieval LifeHeretics - people who denied the church’sprinciples

Reflective overviewBased on today’s class work and last night’s

homework, students are asked to: 1.Define and then examine some of the key roles

the church played in society throughout the medieval ages. In a nutshell, if any, what was the church’s purpose?

2.The monarch vs. the church, of the two, which institution had the most influence and power throughout this period? Proof? Back-up your response with some form of evidence.