Okai M. Aryee, Ph.D. Faculty of Informatics Dept. of Gen. Studies SOCIOLOGY OF TECHNOLOGY - Contributions of The Super Extended African Family

AFRICANS BORN IN AMERICA

(Inventors are out of cultural identity alignment and is reflected in their names. Nevertheless they are still Africans who do not express themselves in traditional African culture)

INVENTORS and INVENTIONS FROM 1871-1900

Many of the inventions supported the development of the American Industrial Revolution

The Africans born in America helped in the American industrialization process. Many Continental Africans do not see American Africans as Africans and therefore do not regard them as members of the African family. The following are Africans who were socialized to think creatively.

Inventors Inventions Date Invented

1. Allen, C. W. self-leveling table 1 Nov. 18982. Allen, J. B. Clothes Line Support 10 Dec. 18953. Ashbourne, A. P. Process for Preparing Coconut

For Domestic Use 1 Jun. 18754. Ashbourne, A. P. Biscuit Cutter 30 Nov. 18755. Ashbourne, A. P. Refining Coconut Oil 27 July 18806. Ashbourne, A. P. Process of Treating Coconut 21 Aug. 18777. Bailes, Wm Ladder Scaffold-Support 5 Aug. 18798. Bailey, L. C. Combined Truss and Bandage 25 Sep. 18839. Bailey, L. C. Folding Bed 18 July 189910. Bailiff, C.O. Shampoo Headrest 11 Oct. 189811. Ballow, W. J. Combined Hat-Rack and Table 29 Mar. 189812. Barnes, G. A. E. Design for Sign 19. Aug. 189813. Beard, A. J. Rotary Engine 5 July 189214. Beard A. J. Car-Coupler 23 Nov. 189715. Backet, G. E. Letter Box 4 Oct. 189216. Bell, L. Locomotive Smoke Stack 23 May 187117. Bell, L. Dough Kneader 10 Dec. 187218. Benjamin, L. W. Broom Moisteners and Bridles 16 May 189319. Benjamin, Miss M. E. Gong and Signal Chairs for Hotels 17 July 1883 20. Binga, M. W. Street Sprinkling Apparatus 22 July 187921. Blackburn, A. B. Railway Signal 10 Jan. 188822. Blackburn, A. B. Spring Seat for Chairs 3 Apr. 1888 23. Blackburn, A. B. Cash Carrier 23 Oct. 1888

-2-24. Blair, Henry Corn Planter 14 Oct. 1834 25. Blair, Henry Cotton Planter 31 Aug. 183626. Blue, L. Hand Corn Shelling Device 20 May 1884 27. Booker, L. F. Dressing Rubber Scraping Knife 28 Mar. 1899 28. Boone, Sarah Ironing Board 26 Apr. 189229. Bowman, H. A. Making Flags 23 Feb. 1892 30. Brooks, C. B. Punch 31 Oct. 189331. Brooks, C. B. Street-Sweepers 17 Mar. 189632. Brooks, C. B. Street-Sweepers 12 May 1896 33. Brooks, Hallstead and Page Street-Sweepers 21 Apr. 189634. Brown, Henry Receptacle for Storing and

Preserving Papers 2 Nov. 188635. Brown, L. F. Bridle Bit 25 Oct. 189236. Brown, O. E. Horse Shoe 23 Aug. 189237. Brown and Latimer Water Closets for Railway Cars 10 Feb. 187438. Burr, J. A. Lawn Mower 9 May 189939. Burr, W. F. Switching Device for Railways 31 Oct. 189940. Burwell, W. Boot or Shoe 28 Nov. 189941. Butler, R. A. Train Alarm 15 June 189942. Butts, J. W. Luggage Carrier 10 Oct. 189743. Byrd, T. J. Improvement in Holders for Horses Reins 6 Feb. 187244. Byrd, T. J. Apparatus for Detaching Horses from Carriages 19 Mar.187245. Byrd, T. J. Improvement in Neck Yokes for Wagons 30 Apr. 187246. Byrd, T. J. Improvement in Car-Couplings 1 Dec. 187447. Campbell, W. S. Self-Setting Animal Trap 30 Aug. 188148. Cargill, B. F. Invalid Cot 25 July 189949. Carrington, T. A. Range 25 July 187650. Carter, W. C. Umbrella Stand 4 Aug. 188551. Certain, J. M. Parcel Carrier for Bicycles 26 Dec. 189952. Cherry, M. A. Velocipede 8 May 188853. Cherry, M. A. Street Car Fender 1 Jan. 189554. Church, T. S. Carpet Beating Machine 29 July 188455. Clare, O. B. Trestle 9 Oct. 1888 56. Coats, R. Over boot for Horses 19 Apr. 189257. Cook, G. Automatic Fishing Device 30 May 1899 58. Coolidge, J. S. Harness Attachment 13 Nov. 188859. Cooper, A. R. Shoemaker`s Jack 22 Aug. 1899 60. Cooper, J. Shutter and Fastening 1 May 188361. Cooper, J. Elevator Device 2 Apr. 189562. Cooper, J. Improvement Elevator Device 21 Sep. 1897

-3- 63. Cornwell, P. W. Draft Regulator 2 Oct. 188864. Cornwell, P. W. Improvement Draft Regulator 7 Feb. 1893 65. Cralle, A. L. Ice Cream Mold 2 Feb. 189766. Creamer, H. Steam Feed Water Trap 17 Mar. 189567. Creamer, H. Steam Trap Feeder 11 Dec. 188868. Cosgrove, W. F. Automatic Stop Plug for Gas Oil Pipe 17 Mar. 188569. Darkins, J. T. Ventilation Aid 19 Feb. 189570. Davis, I. D. Tonic 2 Nov. 188671. Davis, W. D. Riding Saddles 6 Oct. 189672. Davis, W. R., Jr. Library Table 24 Sep. 1878 73. Deitz, W. A. Shoe 30 Apr. 186774. Dickinson, J. H. Pianola (Detroit, Mich.) 1899 75. Dorsey, O. Door-Holding Device 10 Dec. 1878 76. Dorticus, C. J. Device for Applying Coloring Liquids

to Sides of Soles or Heels of Shoes 19 Mar. 189577. Dorticus, C. J. Machine for Embossing Photo 16 Apr. 189578. Dorticus, C. J. Photographic Print Wash 23 Apr. 189579. Dorticus, C. J. Hose Leak Stop 18 July 189980. Downing, P. B. Electric Switch for Railroad 17 Jun. 189081. Downing, P. B. Letter Box 27 Oct. 189182. Downing, P. Street Letter Box 27 Oct. 1891 83. Dunnington, J. H. Horse Detachers 16 Mar. 189784. Edmonds, T. H. Separating Screens, 20 July 189785. Elkins, T. Dining, Iron Table and Quilting

Frame Combined 22 Feb. 187086. Elkins, T. Chamber Commode 9 Jan. 187287. Elkins, T. Refrigerating Apparatus 4 Nov. 187988. Evans, J. H. Convertible Settees 5 Oct. 189789. Faulkner, H. Ventilated Shoe 29 Apr. 1890 90. Ferrell, F. J. Steam Trap 11 Feb. 1890 91. Ferrell, F. J. Apparatus for Melting Snow 27 May 189092. Fisher, D. A. Joiners` Camp 20 Apr. 187593. Fisher, D. A. Furniture Castor 14 Mar. 187694. Flemming, R. F., Jr. Guitar 3 Mar. 187695. Goode, Sarah E. Folding Cabinet Bed 14 July 188596. Grant, G. F. Golf-Tee 12 Dec. 189997. Grant, W.S. Curtain Rod Support 4 Aug. 189698. Gray, R. H. Baling Press 28 Aug. 189499. Gray, R. H. Cistern Cleaners 9 Apr. 1895100. Gregory, J. Motor 26 Apr. 1887101. Grenon, H. Razor Stropping Device 18 Feb. 1886

-4-102. Griffin, F. W. Pool Table Attachment 13 Jun. 1899103. Gunn, S. W. Boot or Shoe 16 Jan. 1900104. Haines. J. H. Portable Basin 28 Sep. 1897105. Hammonds, J. F. Apparatus for Holding Yarn Skeins 15 Dec. 1896106. Harding , F. H. Extension Banquet Table 22 Nov. 1898107. Hawkins, J. Gridiron 26 Mar. 1845 108. Hawkins, H. Harness Attachment 4 Oct. 1887109. Headen, N. Foot Power Hammer 5 Oct. 1886110. Hearness, R. Sealing Attachment for Bottles 15 Feb. 1898111. Hearness, R. Detachable Car Fender 4 July 1899 112. Hilyer, A. F. Water Evaporator Attachment for Hot

Air Registers 14 Oct. 1890

113. Holmes, E. H. Gage 12 Nov. 1885114. Hunter, J. H. Portable Weighing Scales 3 Nov. 1896115. Hyde, J. H. Composition for Cleaning and

Preserving Carpets 6 Nov. 1888

116. Jackson, B. F. Heating Apparatus 1 Mar. 1898117. Jackson, B. F. Matrix Apparatus 10 May 1898118. Jackson, B. F. Gas Burner 4 Apr. 1899119. Jackson, H. A. Kitchen Table 6 Oct. 1896120. Jackson, W. H. Railway Switch 9 Mar. 1897 121. Jackson, W. H. Railway Switch 16 Mar. 1897 122. Jackson, W. H. Automatic Locking Switch 23 Aug. 1898123. Johnson, D. Rotary Dining Table 15 Jan. 1888124. Johnson, D. Lawn Power Attachment 10 Sep. 1889 125. Johnson, D. Grass Receivers for Lawn Mowers 10 Jun. 1890126. Johnson, I. H. Bicycle Frame 10 Oct. 1899127. Johnson, P. Swinging Chairs 15 Nov. 1881128. Johnson, P. Eye Protector 2 Nov. 1880129. Johnson, W. Velocipede 20 Jun. 1899130. Johnson, W. Egg Beater 5 Feb.. 1884131. Johnson, W. A. Paint Vehicle 4 Dec. 1888 132. Johnson, W. H. Overcoming Dead Centers 4 Feb. 1896133. Johnson, W. H. Overcoming Dead Centers 11 Oct. 1898134. Jones & Long Caps for Bottles 13 Sep. 1898135. Joyce, J. A. Ore Bucket 26 Apr. 1898136. Latimer, L. H. Manufacturing Carbons 17 Jun. 1882 137. Latimer, L. H. Apparatus for Cooling and Disinfecting 12 Jan. 1886138. Latimer, L. H. Locking racks for Hats, Coats, and

Umbrellas 24 Mar. 1896

-5- 139. Lavalette, W. A Printing Press-modify 17 Sep. 1878 140. Lee, H. Animal Trap 12 Feb. 1867141. Lee, J. Kneading Machine 7 Aug. 1894142. Lee, J. Brad Crumbing Machine 4 Jun. 1895143. Leslie, F. W. Envelope Seal 21 Sep. 1897144. Lewis, A. L. Window Cleaner 27 Sep. 1892145. Lewis, E. R. Spring Gun 3 May 1887146. Linden, H. Piano Truck 8 Sep. 1891 147. Little, E. Bridle-Bit 7 Mar. 1882 148. Loudin, F. J. Sash Fastener 12 Dec. 1892149. Loudin,F. J. Key Fastener 9 Jan. 1884150. Love, J. L. Plasterers` Hawk 9 Jul. 1895 151. Love, J. L. Pencil Sharpener 23 Nov. 1897152. Marshall, T. J. Fire Extinguisher-modify 26 May 1872 153. Marshall, W. Grain Binder 11 May 1886 154. Martin, W. A. Lock 23 Jul. 1889155. Martin, W. A. Lock-modify 30 Dec. 1890156. Matzeliger, J. E. Mechanism for Distributing Tacks 26 Nov. 1899 157. Matzeliger, J. E. Nailing Machine 25 Feb. 1896158. Matzeliger, J. E. Tack Separating Mechanism 25 Mar. 1890159. Matzeliger, J. E. Lasting Machine 22 Sep. 1891160. McCoy, E. Lubricator for Steam Engines 2 July 1872161. McCoy, E. Lubricator for Steam Engines 6 Aug 1872 162. McCoy, E. Steam Lubricator 20 Jan 1874163. McCoy, E. Ironing Table 12 May 1874164. McCoy, E. Steam Cylinder Lubricator 1 Feb 1876165. McCoy, E. Steam Cylinder Lubricator 4 July 1876166. McCoy, E. Lawn Sprinkler Design 26 Sept 1899167. McCoy, E. Steam Dome 16 Jun 1885168. McCoy, E. Lubricator Attachment 19 Apr 1887169. McCoy, E. Lubricator for Safety Valves 24 May 1887170. McCoy, E. Drip Cup 29 Sep 1891171. McCoy & Hodges Lubricator 24 Dec 1889172. McCree, D. Portable Fire Escape 11 Nov 1890173. Mendenhall, A. Holder for Driving Reins 28 Nov 1899174. Miles, A. Elevator 11 Oct 1887175. Mitchell, C. L. Phoneterisin 1 Jan 1884176. Mitchell, J. M. Cheek Row Corn Planter 16 Jan 1900177. Moody, W. U. Game Board Design 11 May 1897178. Morehead, K. Reel Carrier 6 Oct 1896 179. Murray, G. W. Combined Furrow Opener and Stalk-Knocker 10 Apr. 1894

-6- 180. Murray, G.W. Cultivator and Marker 10 Apr 1894181. Murray, G. W. Planter 5 Jun 1894182. Murray, G. W. Cotton Chopper 5 Jun 1894 183. Murray, G. W. Fertilizer Distributor 5 Jun 1894184. Murray, G. W. Planter 5 Jun 1894185. Murray, G. W. Combined Cotton Seed 5 Jun 1894186. Murray, G. W. Planter and Fertilizer Distributor Reaper 5 Jun. 1894187. Murray, G. W. Attachment for Bicycles 27 Jan. 1891188. Nance, L. Game Apparatus 1 Dec 1891

189. Nash, H.H. Life Preserving Stool 5 Oct 1875190. Newman, Miss. L. D. Brush 15 Nov 1898191. Newson, S. Oil Heater or Cooker 22 May 1894192. Nichols & Latimer Electric Lamp 13 Sep 1881193. Nickerson, W. J. Mandolin and Guitar Attachment for Pianos 27 Jun 1899194. O`Conner & Turner Alarm for Boilers 25 Aug 1896195. O`Conner & Turner Steam Gage 25 Aug 1896196. O`Conner & Turner Alarm for Coasts Containing Vessels 8 Feb 1898197. Outlaw, J. W. Horseshoes 15 Nov 1898198. Perryman, F. R. Caters` Tray Table 2 Feb 1892199. Peterson, H. Attachment for Lawn Mowers 30 Apr 1889200. Phelps, W. H. Apparatus For Washing Vehicles 23 Mar. 1897

201. Pickering, J. F. Air Ship 20 Feb. 1900 202. Pickett, H. Scaffold 30 Jun. 1874 203. Pinn, T. B. File Holder 17 Aug. 1880204. Polk. A. J. Bicycle Support 14 Apr. 1896 205. Pugsley, A. Blind Stop 29 Jul. 1890206. Purdy & Peters Design for Spoons 23 Apr. 1895207. Purdy & Sadgwar Folding Chair 11 Jun. 1889 208. Purdy, W. Device for Sharpening Edged Tools 27 Oct. 1896 209. Purdy, W. Design for Sharpening Edged Tools 16 Aug. 1898 210. Purdy, W. Device for Sharpening Edged Tools 1 Aug. 1899211. Purvis, W. B. Bag Fastener 25 Apr. 1882 212. Purvis, W. B. Hand Stamp 27 Feb. 1883213. Purvis, W.B. Fountain Pen 7 Jan.1890214. Purvis, W.B. Electric Railway 1 May 1894215. Purvis, W.B. Magnetic Car Balancing Device 21 May 1895216. Purvis, W.B. Electrical Railway Switch 17 Aug. 1897217. Queen, W. Guard for Companion Ways and Hatches 18 Aug. 1891218. Ray, E. P. Chair Supporting Device 21 Feb. 1899219. Ray, L. P. Dust Pan 3 Aug. 1897 220. Reed, J. W. Dough Kneader and Roller 23 Sep 1884221. Reynolds, R. H. Window Ventilator for R. R. Cars 3 Apr. 1883222. Reynolds, R. H. Safety Gates for Bridges 7 Oct. 1890

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223. Reynolds, R. H. Non-Refillable Bottles 2 May 1899 224. Rhodes, J. B. Water Closets 19 Dec. 1899 225. Richardson, A.C. Hame Fastener 14 Mar 1892226. Richardson, A.C. Churn 17 Feb. 1891227. Richardson, A. C. Casket Lowering Device 13 Nov. 1894228. Richardson, A. C. Insect Destroyer 28 Feb. 1899229. Richardson, A.C. Bottle 12 Dec. 1899 230. Richardson, W. H. Cotton Chopper 1 Jun 1886

231. Richardson, W. H. Child`s Carriage 18 Jun 1889 232. Richey, C. V. Car Coupling 15 Jun 1897 233. Richey, C.V. Railroad Switch 3 Aug 1897 234. Richey, C.V. Railroad Switch (Revision) 26 Oct 1897 235. Richey, C.V. Fire Escape Bracket 28 Dec 1897 236. Richey, C. V. Combined Hammock and Stretcher 13 Dec 1898 237. Rickman, A. L. Overshoe 8 Feb 1898 238. Ricks, J. Horseshoe 30 Mar 1886 239. Ricks, J. Overshoe for Horses 6 Jun 1899 240. Robinson, E. R. Electric Railway Trolley 19 Sep 1893 241. Robinson, E.R. Casting Composite 23 Nov 1897 242. Robinson, J. H. Life Savings Guards for Locomotives 14 Mar 1899 243. Robinson, J.H. Life Savings Guards for Street Cars 25 Apr 1899 244. Robinson, J. Dinner Pail 1 Feb 1887 245. Romain, A. Passenger Register 23 Apr 1889 246. Ross, A. L. Runner for Stops 4 Aug 1896 247. Ross, A. L. Bag Closure 7 Jun 1898 248. Ross, A. L. Trousers Support 28 Nov 1899 249. Ross, J. Bailing Press 5 Sep 1899 250. Roster, D. N. Feather Curler 10 Mar 1896 251. Ruffin, S. Vessels for Liquids and Nanner of Scaling 20 Nov 1899 252. Russell, L. A. Guard Attachment for Beds 13 Aug 1895 253. Sampson, G. T. Sled Propeller 17 Feb 1885 254. Sampson, G.T. Clothes Drier 7 Jun 1892 255. Scottron, S. R. Adjustable Window Cornice 17 Feb 1880 256. Scottron, S. R. Cornice 16 Jan 1883 257. Scottron, S. R. Pole Tip 21 Sep 1886 258. Scottron, S.R. Curtain Rod 30 Aug 1892 259. Scottron, S. R. Supporting Bracket 12 Sep 1893 260. Shanks, S. C. Sleeping Car Berth Register 21 Jul 1897 261. Shewcraft, Frank Letter Box (from Detroit, Mich) 262. Shorter, D. W. Feed Rack 17 May 1887 263. Smith, J. W. Improvement in Games 17 Apr 1900 264. Smith, J. W. Lawn Sprinkler 4 May 1897 265. Smith, J. W. Lawn Sprinkler 22 Mar 1898 266. Smith, P. D. Potato Digger 21 Jan 1891 267. Smith, P. D. Grain Binder 23 Feb 1892 268. Snow & Johns Liniment 7 Oct 1890

-8- 269. Spears, H. Portable Shield for Infantry 27 Dec 1870 270. Standard, J. Oil Stove 29 Oct 1889 271. Standard, J. Refrigerator 14 Jul 1891 272. Stewart & Johnson Metal Bending Machine 27 Dec 1887 273. Steward, E. W. Punching Machine 3 May 1887 274. Steward, E. W. Machine for Forming Vehicle Seat Bars 22 Mar 1887 275. Steward, T.W. Mop 13 Jun 1893 276. Stewart, T.W. Station Indicator 20 Jun 1893 277. Sutton, E. H. Cotton Cultivator 7 Apr 1874 278. Sweeting, J. A. Device for Rolling Cigarettes 30 Nov 1897 279. Sweeting, J. A. Combined Knife and Scoop 7 Jun 1898 280. Taylor, B. H. Rotary Engine 23 Apr 1878 281. Thomas, B. H. Slide Valve 6 Jul 1897 282. Thomas, S. E. Waste Trap 16 Oct 1883 283. Thomas, S. E. Waste Trap for Basins, Closets, etc. 4 Oct 1887 284. Thomas, S.E. Casting 31 Jul 1881 Thomas, S. E. Pipe Connection 9 Oct 1888 285. Toliver, George Propeller for Vessels 28 Apr 1892 286. Tregoning & Latimer Glove Supporter for Electric Lamps 21 Mar 1882 287. Walker, Peter Machine for Cleaning Seed Cotton 16 Feb 1897 288. Walker, Peter Bait Holder 8 Mar 1898 289. Waller, J. N. Shoemaker`s Cabinet or Bench 3 Feb 1880 290. Washington, Wade Corn Husking Machine 14 Aug 1883 291. Watkins, Issac Scrubbing Frame 7 Oct. 1890 292. Watt, J. R. Bracket for Miner` Lamp 7 Mar 1893 293. West, E. H. Weather Shield 5 Sep 1899 294. West, J. W. Wagon 18 Oct 1870 295. White, D. L. Extension Steps for Cars 12 Jan 1897 296. White, J. T. Lemon Squeezer 8 Dec 1896 297. Williams, Carter Canopy Frame 2 Feb 1892 298. Williams, J. P. Pillow Sham Holder 10 Oct 1899 299. Winn, Frank Direct Acting Steam Engine 4 Dec 1888 300. Winters, J. R. Fire Escape Ladder 7 May 1878

301. Winters, J. R. Fire Escape Ladder 8 Apr 1879 302. Woods, Granville T. Team Boiler Furnace 3 Jun. 1884 303. Woods, G. T. Telephone Transmitter (variation) 2 Dec. 1884 304. Woods, G. T. Apparatus for Transmission of Messages by Electricity 7 Apr. 1885 305. Woods, G. T. Relay Instrument 7 Jun. 1887 306. Woods, G. T. Polarized Relay 5 Jul. 1887 307. Woods, G. T. Electro-Mechanical Brake 16 Aug 1887 308. Woods, G. T. Telephone System and Apparatus 11 Oct 1887 309. Woods, G. T. Electro-Magnetic Brake Apparatus 18 Oct 1887 310. Woods, G. T. Railway Telegraphy 15 Nov 1887 311. Woods, G. T. Induction Telegraphy System 29 Nov 1887 312. Woods, G. T. Overhead Conducting System for Electric Railway 29 May 1887 313. Woods, G. T. Electro-Motive Railway System 26 Jun 1888

314. Woods, G. T. Tunnel Construction for Electric Railway 17 Jul 1888 315. Woods, G. T. Galvanic Battery 14 Aug 1888 316. Woods, G. T. Railway Telegraphy (variation) 28 Aug 1888 317. Woods, G. T. Automatic Safety Cut-out for Electric Circuit 1 Jan 1889 318. Woods, G. T. Electric Railway System 14 Oct 1889 319. Woods, G. T. Electric Railway Supply System 10 Nov 1891 320. Woods, G. T. Electric Railway Conduit 31 Oct 1893 321. Woods, G. T. System of Electrical Distribution 21 Nov 1893 322. Woods, G.T. Amusement Apparatus 19 Dec 1899 323. Wormley, James Life Saving Apparatus 24 May 1881

Charles Richard Patterson, known as `Rich` and his son, Fredrick Douglas Patterson, were the first American born Africans to manufacture automobiles. Charles was born enslaved on a plantation in West Virginia and escaped to Greenfield, Ohio. He competed with Ford Motor Company for consumers. His cars were sold at $850. The company went out of business because of the lack of capital due to the Great Depression and the mass production method of the Ford Company. His cars were known as `the Patterson` car.

www.highland-ohio.com/patterson_automobile.htm

Evolution of African Identity Perception in America

In America there was very little information about the contributions of American Africans to the development of that nation…..outside of slavery. School curriculum simply ignored their inventions, leading students to believe that Blacks made no contributions. In order to rectify that problem, Dr. Carter G. Woodson, in 1926, created Negro History Week in the week of 12th of February. That week was selected because it was to honor the birthdates of Fredrick Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. The celebration became very popular and Negro History Week was extended to Negro History Month. Soon they became very dissatisfied with the identity term `Negro` and changed the name of the celebration to Black History Month. Many felt that the term `Black` was insufficient in describing their identity and change the celebration to African American History Month and sometime African American Heritage Month. There are many who feel that the evolution of the perception of the identity of Africans born in American will continue. They feel that eventually the month of February will be known as American African History/Heritage Month.