African Indaba Volume 13-01

African Indaba e-Newsletter Volume 13, Number 1 Page 1

For hunter-conservationists and all people who are interested in the conservation,

management and sustainable use of Africa’s wild natural resources. African Indaba is the official CIC Newsletter on African affairs, with editorial independence. For more information about the

International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation CIC go to www.cic-wildlife.org

Volume 13, Issue No 1 African Indaba eNewsletter February 2015

New Year – Old Problems Editorial by Gerhard R Damm

Readers of African Indaba will know that I am an avid and passionate hunter, and an equally passionate conservationist. I am a realist too – a epithet which cannot be attributed to some self-professed protectionists, who project their dreams of an utopian paradise on the wilderness areas of the world, with a recent particular emphasis on Africa, its elephants and rhinos. Gory photos of elephant and rhino carcasses, of animals slaughtered by criminal gangs, are indiscriminately used to raise the emotional temperature of the public. Scientific and well-proven arguments of experienced wildlife managers and researchers, who have battled their entire life on the converging frontlines wildlife, habitat and rural populations, are brushed aside by these protectionists.

These well-meaning folks have their rational judgment fogged up by a heady mix of emotions, half-truths and wishful thinking, and, in most cases lack the practical experience on the ground. They sit in their comfortable studies in megacities around the globe, well-funded, well-fed and ill informed. The hope that they listen is in vain – just as the hope that their professed love for the wild landscapes and creatures will translate into meaningful actions. They are indoctrinated, intolerant and undemocratic.

This becomes again evident by reactions on the National Geographic Blog regarding the movie “The Elephant and the Pauper: The Ivory Debacle”. This film was made by renowned filmmaker and conservationist Zig Mackintosh of Osprey Filming, both Africa-raised and Africa-based.

In this well-made and well-researched movie Zig examines whether international regulations are helping or harming conservation efforts in Africa with particular reference to Zimbabwe. What happens when there are too many elephants and their marketable value is removed? Zig draws

African Indaba Volume 13 Issue 1 Contents

New Year – Old Problems…………………………………………..1 The Business of Conservation………………………………….…3 International Symposium on Hunting Museums in Paris…………………………………………………………………………..8 Tanzania Intensifies War Against Poaching………………..9 Selous Game Reserve, A World Heritage In Danger….11 Sustainable Use Workshops in Zimbabwe………………..15 CAMPFIRE: Towards the Development of a New Elephant Management Plan and Policy…………………….16 Bubye River Conservancy………………………………………….17 Hunting, Poaching and Rhino Horn…………………………..18 The ZPWMA Save Conservancy Hunting Concession Auctions…………………………………………………………………..19 New Horizon For Communal Conservancies………….…20 Anti-Poaching Initiative Launched In Namibia………….21 Ian Parker Collection On East African Wildlife Conservation……………………………………………………………22 Hunting Intergroup Backed By European Parliament.23 News From and About Africa…………………………………..24 Wolfgang Burhenne Recieves Sierra Club’s EarthCare Award……………………………………………………………………..30 Obituary: Dr. Ian Player 1927-2014…………………………31 Obituary: Jonathan (Jon) Barnes, PhD, 1950 – 2014..32 A Selection Of Interesting Literature On Conservation And Wildlife Management In Africa………………………..33

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comparisons between the preservationist style of wildlife management as practiced by Kenya and the more utilization orientated Zimbabwean and Tanzanian style. The movie also looks into the role that rural African communities play in the conservation equation and whether eco-imperialism is the real force behind the regulation that are imposed upon Africa and her inhabitants.

Every hunter-conservationist with an interest in conserving what is left of Africa and her wilderness should watch the movie on Vimeo.

The only way to save the elephant and other keystone species, and indeed Africa’s wild spaces, is to manage them. Part of that management must be the legal harvest for meat and trophies and other parts, as well as regulated international trade. The trade bans on ivory and rhino horn have proved to be no more successful than the prohibition of alcohol in the USA. Just as prohibition fostered the rise crime syndicates, the banning of sustainable use and trade fosters the rise of the international wildlife crime syndicates.

Rowan Martin, a wildlife expert from Zimbabwe said “we are more aware than they [the animal rights activists and non-use proponents] are that we no longer live in an Africa that is a pristine wilderness. It is a messy complex system where people, economics and ecology are inextricably linked. It is not helped by their wistful dreaming that a non-interventionist approach will solve the problem”.

Please click on http://vimeo.com/user17366897/review/116473289/88ae4be861 - you need to watch Zig’s film!

In December last year I met Daniel A. Pedrotti Jr. during the Boone and Crockett Club AGM

in St. Petersburg, Florida. This select group of conservationists also happens to be a select group of hunters. They build on the traditions and values of President Theodore Roosevelt, America’s foremost conservationist. Dan regularly writes in the Club’s magazine on the “Ethics of Fair Chase”. We quickly realized that the problems and issues in North America and Southern Africa are quite similar – despite of some differences in the successful wildlife conservation models on both continents.

There and here the debates rage around the difference between native, and free ranging game animals (North America), and native, free or enclosed ranging game animals in ecologically functional areas (Southern Africa) on one side, and wildlife-like livestock produced on certain farms. In North America this “livestock production” includes exotic animals and deer with top-heavy unnaturally grotesque antlers. In Southern Africa, we observe an ever increasing infatuation with color phases and “horn inches”, and exotic animals are also on offer. The methods to achieve the objectives are quite similar – line breeding, hormonal treatments, artificial insemination, close confinement of breeding stock, predator elimination, booster feed formula, and so on.

In both cases there is significant discourse between those that are obsessed with antler inches, horn lengths, pelage color, close confinement breeding, and those that despise these ideas. In South Africa the debate is additionally charged with what many perceive as canned lion shooting, and others vigorously defend as “captive-bred lion hunting”.

It must be said that the producers of “frankendeer” in North America, and those in South Africa who breed colorful "frankenantelope", enormous cattle-like Cape buffalo, and thousands of lion destined to end their life in a shooting area, are pursuing a perfectly legal and very lucrative business.

Dan Pedrotti and I are, however, adamant that it is our right to disagree with their premises and objectives. We are also within our rights to put as much distance as possible between them and us in what the public perceives as defensible ad honorable when it comes to hunting.


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Dan and I don’t want them to be perceived as us! As hunters we subscribe to the tenets of Fair Chase of wild animals. We are convinced that we are part of a much larger group than those who breed “frankenspecies” or those who can afford to kill them. The vast majority of the hunting community does not value pseudo-hunts of herbivorous or carnivorous livestock on which these pseudo-hunts are based. We value great hunts, the exhilarating and breath-stopping chase, and the experiences of nature in forest, bush, mountains and deserts – much more than discussing the pedigree nuances of unnaturally maned, horned or antlered freaks which were bought and killed.

In this discourse, the breeders and shooters call us elitist, intolerant and divisive, yet the standard they use to sell their products are B&C, SCI, CIC and Rowland Ward formulae; they invariably refer to the killing of artificially bred animals as hunting and they continuously use a smoke screen of pseudo-conservation arguments. Thus they open another door for the public to misapprehend the massive differences between hunting and killing.

Kai-Uwe Denker, president of the Namibia Professional Hunting Association, expressed the same feelings at the NAPHA AGM in November last year. Kai-Uwe said “that there are too many facets – especially in trophy hunting – that totally undermine all good work … we sit with a serious dilemma and [money] is the driving power behind this dilemma … for monetary reasons, not at all for ideological reasons – we hunters drift away from the rest of the conservation community. That ultimately has to be fatal.” And Kai-Uwe continued saying that color phase breeding is directly contradictory to natural selection, breeding of lion to be shot by collectors has nothing to do with sustainable use nor with Fair Chase – and although financially lucrative it places a huge question mark over our true motives as hunters. Neels Geldenhuys, chief editor of African Outfitter, personally commended Kai-Uwe Denker for this NAPHA stance.

My conversation with Dan Pedrotti concluded that trophy breeders and shooters constitute a threat to the entire hunting community and to hunting way of life. The NAPHA president thinks along the same lines and so do many professional and amateur hunters in Africa (see also previous issues of African Indaba) and elsewhere. We are not intolerant because we express the most widely accepted definition of the experience-based hunt scenario within an age-old hunter-conservationist ethos. We are not elitist with our understanding that hunters are the foremost conservationists. We are not divisive if we don’t accept with open arms the money and ego which drives them.

We have the high ground – all we have to do is stand up and be counted!

The Business of Conservation Paul Tudor Jones II, Founder and Chairman of Tudor Investment Corporation An impressive audience of 400 staff, students, alumni and invited guests filled the Bute Hall on Tuesday 25 November 2014, to celebrate the award of an honorary degree to Paul Tudor Jones II, for his achievements in business and philanthropy. In addition to receiving an honorary degree, Dr Jones delivered the second annual Andrew Carnegie Lecture. In his lecture titled The Business of Conservation Mr Jones addressed the role of philanthropy as a strong force in key worldwide issues such as health, poverty alleviation, education and conservation. His continuing contributions to conservation are highly complementary to on-going






research in the University’s Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine and the Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, which won the Queen’s Anniversary prize for Higher and Further Education in 2013. Here are some extracts from the lecture as edited by Gerhard Damm (to listen to the full speech of Mr. Jones – highly recommendable – please click HERE):

… Every year, 12 million hectares of land are lost to drought and desertification at the

breathtaking rate of 23 hectares per minute. …. The list of species to have gone extinct in just the past ten years includes the Golden toad of

Costa Rica, the Baiji dolphin of the Yangtze River, the Pyrenean Ibex of Spain, and the West African black rhino. According to [IUCN], more than 17,000 species on this earth are endangered. That includes 21 percent of all known mammals, 30 percent of all known amphibians, 12 percent of all known birds and 28 percent of all known reptiles.

… All of this environmental depredation is the result of one species—homo sapiens. Our

impact on our world is so great that a growing number of scientists have signed onto the proposal to christen a new geological epoch. Their name for that epoch? The Anthropocene.

… For over a century, we have had hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life

actively engaged in the conservation movement—scientists, naturalists, government officials, philanthropists, and a multitude of passionate and committed individuals, many who go to heroic lengths.

… But there is one group of people that has been conspicuously absent from much of our

conservation, a group that we need now, and that is investors. Now, I know that placing investor and conservation in the same sentence will cause some to recoil. But tonight I will propose a few options that might be considered controversial, so let me point to something I read recently by the great biologist and naturalist, E.O. Wilson.

First, let me say to all scientists present tonight, especially biologists, I’m well aware of the bitter fight in biology over Wilson’s new understanding of evolution, and on that battle I am agnostic and therefore neutral. … But to me, more than anything else, E.O. Wilson is the guy who coined the beautiful term and concept of “biophilia,” which literally means “love of life or living systems.”

…. We need to be open to involving investors in the conservation movement for two reasons.

First, the movement needs money. Second, the investors have it. Last year, Credit Suisse and the World Wildlife Fund commissioned a joint study on Conservation Finance. For tonight’s purposes, here are the two main takeaways from that study:

1. Private conservation funding worldwide needs to be 200 to 300 billion dollars per year, which is 20-30 times more money per year than it’s currently getting.

2. That number, while sounding enormous, is very achievable as it corresponds to about 1% of total private sector annual investments globally.

… There are three main segments of investors. First are the High Net Worth and Ultra High Net Worth folks. Next are the Retail Investors, and last come the Institutional Investors. That first group, the high net worth folks—studies show that these investors are open to putting anywhere from 2 – 5% of their total assets in impact investing. Right now, the bankable assets of these folks is


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46 trillion dollars. That asset base is projected to grow at 8% over the next years. If 1% of that were allocated to conservation finance, there’s your first 85 billion. That second group, the retail investors: Their current personal financial assets are around 53 trillion dollars and growing at 2% per year. If one percent of those assets were allocated to conservation finance, we’re talking 65 billion dollars a year. Lastly, the institutional investors. They’re at about 62 trillion dollars and projected to grow at 5% per year. 1% of that is 90 billion.

85 billion plus 65 billion plus 90 billion is 240 billion. Per year. Average. … There are obstacles to raising over 200 billion dollars in capital for conservation finance, but

one of them is not that the money isn’t there. Global portfolio managers and asset managers need to start thinking in the direction of conservation finance so that they can advise their investors in that direction. But in order for those managers to do that, there need to be scalable and investable conservation projects available (editor’s emphasis).

To illustrate these projects, I’m going to get specific, and I’m going to focus on sub-Saharan Africa. … First, the money’s not there. 78% of all current conservation finance is generated in developed countries, and 59% of it is spent there. Second, unstable governments are bad for the environment ... The correlation between corruption levels and the destruction of wildlife is direct. Where governance is strong, conservation is possible no matter the challenge, but where governance is weak, the privatization of conservation could well be the only hope.

And the industry I’m going to focus on is tourism. I can speak to the topic with some familiarity as I operate 13 lodges in three African countries. In addition, tourism is already one of the top five export categories for 83 percent of all developing nations. The potential is massive.

According to [IUCN], right now, in Africa, there are 1200 formal protected areas. Many of these areas are imperfect, but they are the last representations of natural habitat on the continent. Preserving and even expanding these areas is what the conservation fight in Africa is about.

There are basically four key categories of threat to the environment in Africa. The first threat is the demand for high value wildlife products, such as rhino horns and

elephant tusks. This is all about poaching for top dollar products. … The second threat is one of energy. Across Africa, many people are dependent upon

firewood and charcoal for cooking and heating. Ninety percent of all wood consumed is used for wood fuel and charcoal, … which leads to a depredation of forests and parks and also an annual revenue loss in African countries of approximately 2 billion dollars.

The third threat is the demand for protein, such as bushmeat, which is a generic term for any animal shot or harvested in the wild. This demand is twofold. First, many people living at subsistence levels in rural areas require the meat to keep from starving. Second, these same people, with little economic opportunity, turn to bushmeat hunting because they can sell the meat for consumption in urban areas.

And the fourth threat is the sheer demand for land, either for agricultural purposes or living space or natural resources.

In other words, these natural habitats are threatened because their economic value is based on unsustainable use (editor’s emphasis). To preserve them and protect them, their economic value needs to be transformed to a sustainable use. Tourism can be, and has been, one of those modes of transformation.

The direct contribution of Travel and Tourism to GDP in Sub Saharan Africa in 2012 was 36 billion dollars. That’s projected to rise to 61 billion by 2023. Tourism directly supported five and a






half million jobs, and that will be almost 7 million in ten years. When you include jobs indirectly supported by the industry, the number climbs to over 13 million now and 17 million by 2023.

If we can develop more scalable conservation finance projects in tourism that can be replicated and whose success can be measured, asset managers can then persuade investors to rally around conservation finance, and those numbers can rise, and that is key because tourism in Africa is all about conservation.

… A non-profit group called African Parks works with governments to rehabilitate national

parks and ultimately make them profitable through tourism. It started with parks in Malawi and Zambia. It now operates seven parks and looks to operate twenty in six years. Its park in Malawi spans 70,000 hectares and, in six years, has been restocked with an array of wildlife that had all but disappeared. Employment has risen from 10 people to over 150 permanent jobs with an additional 100 people employed in a temporary capacity. Visitor numbers have grown from 0 to over 7,000 each year. Three different tourism operations have been established, each employing additional people. It is a transformation from a “consumption economy” with environmental disaster as the inevitable end point to a “conservation economy” which is sustainable.

In Botswana, tourism revenues have grown from $300 million in the 1990s to $3 billion today, and approximately 40% of the country is under some type of wildlife protection. In Tanzania, in 2012, the contribution of tourism dollars to the national economy was 13.2% of the GDP. Many of the tourism dollars are coming from wildlife watching and photographic safaris.

But another form of tourism that generates a significant amount of revenue is hunting, and for those who are bitterly opposed to all forms of hunting, I ask you to hark back to E.O. Wilson’s line about a greater independence of thought (editor’s emphasis).

Photographic tourism is great in places where large animals roam and the scenery is spellbinding, but that’s not always the case in Africa. In places where landscape and wildlife are mundane, trophy hunting is the better land-use option. Resource economist Jon Barnes confirmed this with a detailed analysis. He concluded that for the sake of wildlife in large areas of Botswana, a ban on consumptive use, such as hunting, “would seriously jeopardize wildlife conservation.”

Here’s why that’s the case. Governments have to justify all use of the land in economic terms. If trophy hunting is not available to some communities, then their alternative is raising livestock, which takes a heavy toll on land and water resources. So it really does make more sense to lose an individual animal of an individual species now and then rather than risk losing an entire ecosystem. Other stakeholders agree.

Wilderness Safaris, a leading photo-tourism operator, has a position paper on trophy hunting, stating, in effect, that ecotourism, on its own, cannot ensure the conservation of Africa as a whole and that hunting has been vital in mainstream destinations like South Africa and less mainstream destinations like Central African Republic or Burkina Faso.

In South Africa, game farms have literally changed the landscape. In 2002, there were fewer than 5000. Today, there are over 12,000. Those farms generate revenue in various ways, ranging from ecotourism to the sale of live animals, but hunting makes the most money by far. And it’s been good for the ecosystem. Today, there are 20,900 white rhinos in the country, more than in all the rest of Africa. And the wildlife population has gone from 575,000 in 1966 to 18.6 million today.

None of this would come as news to Teddy Roosevelt, one of the fathers of the conservation movement as well as an avid hunter and fisherman, like myself (editor’s emphasis). After he left the White House, he toured Africa and recorded his experiences in his book, African Game Trails. In it, he argues for a program of game reserves set aside for hunting in order to preserve animals. It stands to reason: if the long-term survival of an animal means the long-term






financial sustenance of a community, then that animal will likely survive. The hunting industry has its flaws and failures. The goal must be to establish a tourism that benefits the communities living with these animals in a way that is ethical and sustainable.

But it’s not just about hunting or even ecotourism. There are a lot of innovative, private economic projects around conservation in Africa.

In Kenya, the Northern Rangelands Trust is pioneering a community project. It’s establishing a slaughterhouse for local farmers and herders; they can fatten and process their cattle in order to sell for top dollar in the city, and in return, they have to participate in conservation work, such as planting trees. In Namibia, 6.5 million hectares of its land are currently supporting 230,000 people through small, innovative community projects. And the amount of that country’s wildlife has increased 60% since the 1960s.

One more thing I’d like to touch on briefly is the importance of research. All the funding I’ve been talking about is for doing things, but some of that money definitely needs to be used for researching what to do. One quick example of how that works in African conservation: a place very near and dear to my heart: Serengeti.

Every year, the wildebeest migrate across the Serengeti, truly one of the most awesome spectacles in nature. At one time, they were dying out because of a virus they contracted through cattle, rinderpest. By the 1950’s, only, 200,000 were left.

But research led to a vaccine for the cattle, and today, the wildebeest population is 1.5 million. And many people get to witness that migration through eco-tourism, all of which is possible because the migration occurs through the Serengeti National Park, a park that was established in large part due to the research efforts of zoologists Bernhard Grzimeck and his son, Michael.

It all links and can be linked: conservation practitioners with conservation research to health practitioners with health research to national governments and local governments and the communities that live closest to the land and depend most on it. Investors truly have a unique opportunity to streamline the various work into a single, coherent effort that benefits the world. It’s already happening. All across Africa, and in other parts of the globe, the privatization of conservation is reaping incredible benefits for wildlife (editor’s emphasis). But we need more of these efforts, and we need them quickly.

… We don’t’ know where our current ecological road will lead, but we know that if we

continue down it, we’re going to end up at a place we’d prefer not to be. We don’t have to end up in that place, and in my deepest of hearts, I truly believe we won’t, and here’s why (Paul holds up a solar jar):

This is a solar jar. It works very simply. Set it outside during the day, and at night, it provides four hours of light. It costs only twelve dollars, and it is life-altering. 1.2 billion people in this world have no electricity. Imagine the intellectual capital to be gained if those 1.2 billion people got four more hours of productivity each day. Last year, 12,000 solar jars were distributed throughout Zimbabwe. 12,000 times four is 48,000 hours of more productivity in Zimbabwe. These jars are empowering the next generation of scientists, researchers, portfolio managers, conservationists and government officials of Zimbabwe to work and study and learn an extra four hours each day. And that’s why I believe we will find the solution to our environmental problems. Things look bad now, but all the darkness in the world . . . (lights are turned off in the room as Paul holds up the jar) cannot overcome the power of a single light. Paul Tudor Jones II, a graduate of the University of Virginia, is founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Tudor Group of Companies. In 1983, Mr. Jones formed Tudor Investment






Corporation as the Tudor Group's primary asset management affiliate. Mr. Jones regularly commits a substantial amount of his personal time to philanthropic and natural resource conservation efforts. He also serves as Chairman of The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Mr. Jones is founder and a director of the Robin Hood Foundation, an organization dedicated to the singular mission of ending poverty in New York City.

International Symposium on Hunting Museums in Paris Alexandre Poniatowski

Many museums around the world are dedicated to hunting. The nature of their collections and the ways they are displayed express different approaches of man’s relationship with wild animals. Ever since the first prehistoric cave paintings, the desire to commemorate the capturing of an animal may have motivated certain artistic expressions.

The museography of hunting museums is often derived from a taste inspired by the display of the first trophy galleries, the abundance of cabinets of curiosities and the decoration of hunting lodges.

The exhibition and interpretation of hunting collections vary from place to place and from period to period. They may serve artistic, naturalistic or ethnographic purposes. Nonetheless, the perception that visitors have is influenced by their own sensitivities and their vision of hunting.

The urbanization of modern society and its distance from the realities of rural life have encouraged the development of ethnographic collections on hunting. In this context, the objective is more to highlight the memory of a practice rather than the capture of a particular animal. With hunting being less and less familiar to people, it may be necessary to adapt the display of the collections and their interpretation device to overcome the lack of understanding of the public. The Fondation François Sommer pour la Chasse et la Nature (François Sommer Foundation for Hunting and Nature) and the Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature (Museum of Hunting and Nature) represented by Claude d’Anthenaise in

EXHIBITING HUNTING?

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM

March 19th, 2015

The History of Hunting Museums

Intimate Museography March 20th, 2015

Staging and Exhibiting Hunting in Non-Western Societies

Various Museographic Approaches: Europe and America

Presentations and discussions from 9 am to 6 pm.

MUSÉE DE LA CHASSE ET DE LA NATURE 62, rue des Archives 75003 Paris France www.chassenature.org For registration and free admission please contact Camille Violette Tel. +33 1 53 01 92 40 [email protected]


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mailto:[email protected]





cooperation with the Culture Division of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) and its president Prince Alexandre Poniatowski are now organizing an international symposium to bring together people interested the many facets of hunting museology: curators, ethnologists, museum specialists, historians, students, collectors, hunters, etc. The symposium will allow them to exchange views and share experiences. Their contributions will focus on the history of hunting museums, their museographic choices and how these museums and collections are perceived. Topics presented by high caliber international experts and cover aspects from Europe, Africa, Asia and North America.

The outcomes of the presentations and discussions will assist in assessing how hunting museums translate the relationship that both past and modern societies had and have with wildlife, and especially with hunting.

Don’t miss this important event – for registration and free admission please contact Camille Violette Tel. +33 (0)1 53 01 92 40 email [email protected]

Tanzania Intensifies War Against Poaching Gerhard R Damm

A host of reports, press releases as well as NGO and stakeholder statements deal with the

plans, actions and promises to counter the poaching pandemic in Africa and in this case in Tanzania. In October 2014 the Tanzanian ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism under Minister

Lazaro Nyalandu launched a five-year national strategy to combat poaching and illegal wildlife trade in collaboration with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The strategy requires USD 51 million for 5 years and is expected to strengthen the capacity of the ministry in terms of conducting intelligence led anti- poaching, highly coordinated law enforcement, and improvement of rural livelihoods through enhanced community based management of natural resources. The strategy will also raise awareness in supply, transit and destination countries to help change attitudes towards wildlife crime and build international support in a three-pronged approach. This includes strengthening law enforcement through investing in capacity building to bolster law enforcement, establish and maintain national cross agency mechanisms and streamline cross border and regional cooperation through better coordination. It also covers increasing capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities and eradicating poverty.

In December 2015 Minister Lazaro Nyalandu announced that one anti-poaching helicopter was to arrive in December (one helicopter had crashed earlier, killing four), with two additional choppers expected in early 2015, and that the anti-poaching chopper fleet eventually to be expanded to seven. He stated that the government will be sending four pilots for training in South Africa and five others for flying lessons in the United States. The minister also announced that hundreds of new game scouts will be deployed. The minister was


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speaking during an occasion to receive a donation of five Toyota Land-Cruiser Pickup trucks – fully equipped for anti-poaching and featuring GPS systems – from the Wildlife Conservation Foundation of Tanzania. The vehicles are to be used for anti-poaching missions in the Wildlife Division of the Ministry. “We are going to launch a new anti-poaching squadron in January 2015,” Minister Nyalandu said, explaining further that three of the newly donated vehicles will be dispatched to the Selous Game Reserve while the remaining two are to be sent to KDU Command in Mwanza. The vehicles were handed over by well-known professional hunter and hunting safari operator Eric Pasanisi, who also acts as Executive Vice President and Trustee of the Wildlife Conservation Foundation, in the presence of Tanzania Professional Hunters Association Chairman Mohsin Abdallah Sheni. Pasanisi thanked the Hunter Legacy Endowment Partnership with Safari Club International, who donated two of the vehicles. Minister Nyalandu told stakeholders in the photographic and hunting tourism industry that they played a major role in wildlife conservation and commended the hunting companies operating in Tanzania on their role in the fight against poaching.

Also in December Minister Lazaro Nyalandu and Mark B. Childress, United States Ambassador to Tanzania, visited Ruaha National Park to mark the launch of the Southern Highlands and Ruaha-Katavi Protection Program (SHARPP). The $8.2 million five-year program is funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and will be implemented by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in partnership with the Government of Tanzania, local NGOs, and local communities. SHARPP will focus on four key areas: wildlife management areas (WMAs); livelihoods; habitat management; and elephant monitoring and protection. The program reaffirms the commitment from all parties to succeed in the fight against poaching.

Ambassador Childress, Minister Nyalandu, and other officials held discussions with law enforcement rangers, Ruaha National Park and SHARPP staff, and WMA leadership to gain a better understanding of the project at hand and challenges faced by conservationists. Ambassador Childress endorsed project goals and the words of the Minister by stressing that in order to succeed, anti-poaching and wildlife conservation efforts in Tanzania require a whole-of-government approach that delivers clear benefits to local communities. In addition to wildlife trafficking in the greater Ruaha and Southern Highlands, unsustainable land and water practices place increasing pressure on natural resources. Through SHARPP, the US Government hopes to address ecological and economic issues in these areas. SHARPP forms part of a much larger US Government commitment to wildlife conservation in Tanzania totaling $40 million over the next five years through USAID.

In January 2015 US Ambassador Mark Childress and German Ambassador Egon Kochanke transferred a significant amount of field equipment for use by game wardens patrolling the Selous Game Reserve. The equipment included small and large tents, torches, maps, binoculars, cameras, uniforms which were donated by individual and industry donors after the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation issued a call to action during the CIC General Assembly in Milan in April 2014. In addition, the German Government announced support toward improvements to infrastructure such as roads, airstrips and housing for game rangers within the game reserve, while the US Government has supplied the expertise of US Marine instructors to train game wardens on patrolling techniques and vehicle maintenance. The US equipment and services are part of a larger Tanzania-wide anti-poaching and wildlife conservation program worth $40 million over the next four years, while the German anti-poaching and wildlife conservation program in Tanzania is worth $51 million (2012 to 2016), including $21 million for the Selous.

The year 2015 will show how the good intentions of the Tanzanian Government, the donor countries – in particular the United States and Germany and their respective agencies – but also of






the local stakeholders in the hunting and photographic safari business, will translate into actual success on the ground. African Indaba will continue covering the war against poaching in Tanzania.

Selous Game Reserve, A World Heritage In Danger Guy Debonnet1 and Tilman Jaeger2

1. Selous Game Reserve3: An Exceptional World Heritage Site

Selous was set aside as a reserve as early as in 1896 during German colonial times. The boundaries of the Selous were repeatedly extended to include wildlife migration routes, until the area eventually became what is today Selous Game Reserve, a vast area of roadless, mostly undisturbed open woodlands and floodplains, grasslands, riverine forests and major expanses of Miombo Woodlands. Numerous rivers and creeks belonging to the Rufiji Basin, including the centrally located Rufiji River itself, meander freely through the landscape, flanked by extensive sandbanks. With more than five million hectares (50,000 km2) larger than Switzerland, the Reserve is one of the few remaining vast wilderness areas in eastern Africa with a high degree of naturalness. Home to extraordinary populations of large mammals, including an elephant population of global importance Selous Game Reserve was in 1982 was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1982, giving the highest international recognition for its global importance in terms of biodiversity. 2. The World Heritage Convention, How It Works

The World Heritage Convention date back to 1972 and has as the objective to protect cultural and natural heritage sites of so-called “Outstanding Universal Value”. Outstanding Universal Value is a bit of an abstract concept, but basically refers to sites which are deemed of such an exceptional cultural of natural value that they need to be preserved for the entire humankind and for current and future generations. Natural World Heritage sites are sometimes referred to as “the best of the best” or “the jewels in the crown” in terms of the global protected area estate.

To become a World Heritage site, countries who have signed up to the Convention (the States Parties) have to elaborate and formally submit an a nomination, in which they make the case that the proposed site is indeed exceptional but also demonstrate that it has the necessary integrity and legal protection and that there is the capacity and willingness to protect in place to preserve its values in the long term. Independent advisory bodies then evaluate this application for the Convention, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for natural sites or the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) in the case of cultural sites. The final decision on inscription is made by the World Heritage Committee, the governing body of the Convention, composed of representatives from 21 elected States Parties.

With 191 countries that have adhered to the World Heritage Convention, it is one of the most successful international conservation instruments. Since its start, the World Heritage List has continued to grow and today boosts 1007 terrestrial and marine sites, in 161 countries. Of these,

1 Guy Debonnet is a natural heritage expert based in Dar-es-Salaam. For the past 12 years he worked at the UNESCO World

Heritage Centre and was responsible for the natural World Heritage sites in Africa. Before joining UNESCO he worked for 10 years in conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi.

2 Tilman Jaeger is a forester by training who started his professional career with UNESCO's Man and the

Biosphere Program out of France and later South America. He was then responsible for a conservation project in Mongolia on behalf of GTZ (today GIZ) prior to joining IUCN's World Heritage Program in 2009. Since 2012 he has been based in Brazil as an independent consultant while serving as an Advisor to IUCN's World Heritage Program. 3For further information on the Selous Game Reserve see: Rolf D. Baldus (Ed.): Wild Heart of Africa. Rowland Ward

Publications. Johannesburg 2009






only 197 are natural sites with 31 so-called mixed sites, which are, recognized both for their natural and cultural values. But whereas cultural sites are typically small (a monument or perhaps an historic city center), most natural sites on the World Heritage List include vast natural wilderness areas. Together they protect an astonishing 279 million ha of land and sea across the planet, a massive conservation estate comparable to the size of Argentina. 3. The Convention: A Conservation Instrument

Being inscribed on the World Heritage List is not the culmination of the process but rather a new beginning. By proposing a site to be inscribed on the World Heritage List, States Parties take on a solemn commitment to conserve its values for the entire humankind and all States Parties to the Convention have committed to cooperate to achieve this common goal while fully respecting national sovereignty. Once a site is inscribed, its State of Conservation is monitored constantly by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre (WHC), in its role of Secretariat to the Convention jointly with the Advisory Bodies mentioned before. If any noteworthy conservation issue credibly arises, the WHC requests the State Party for information on the issue. If the issue is deemed a serious concern, WHC brings the issue to the attention of the World Heritage Committee. Through its decision-making process, the Committee can then request the State Party to take certain measures and to report on their implementation. The Committee can also request the State Party to invite a monitoring mission to the property in order to look into the concern and to recommend management responses in dialogue with the State Party. If the Committee considers the conservation values for which the site was inscribed at risk to be lost or irreversibly compromised, it can decide to inscribe the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Currently 46 sites are on this List, including 19 natural properties, many of which are situated in Africa.

The World Heritage Convention monitoring mechanism has been ensuring that States Parties maintain a high conservation standard in their sites. Encouragingly, major players in the extractive industries have started to respect natural World Heritage sites as unique places. At the World Parks Congress in 2003, the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), regrouping many major mining companies in the world, and the oil company Shell made a landmark commitment to refrain from exploring or exploiting oil and minerals inside natural World Heritage sites. This commitment has been joined recently by other companies such as Total. Increasingly, regarding World Heritage as “no-go areas” has been adopted as a standard by investment banks when reviewing the environmental sustainability of the investment projects. Building upon this remarkable development there is much potential for further consolidating World Heritage sites as places where conservation and its many societal benefits is the primary objective. 4. The Selous, A World Heritage Site In Danger

The State of Conservation of the Selous Game Reserve has been a matter of concern for Committee for many years. A particular concern has been the controversial development of a uranium-mining project inside Selous. Recognizing the incompatibility of mining with the World Heritage status, the Government of Tanzania requested to modify the boundaries of the Reserve to exclude the relatively small area on its southern boundary. After long and complex debate, the World Heritage Committee finally approved this boundary modification on an exceptional basis, after an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) demonstrated that the mining project could be done without a major impact on the overall reserve and after studies showed that taking the small area out would not impact the Outstanding Universal Value for which the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List. In return, the Government of Tanzania took a number of commitments, including not seeking to develop any further mining activities in the Reserve, not to allow any other developments inside the Reserve or its buffer zone without prior approval of the Committee. Furthermore, the government committed itself to ensuring the protection of the corridor from






Selous to the Niassa Game Reserve in Mozambique and adding contiguous areas valuable for wildlife to the Reserve. Concerns remain over possible indirect impacts of the mining project on the integrity of the site, in particular the possible contamination of the underground river system flowing towards the Rufiji and the Committee is continuing the monitor the development of the mining project to ensure that the measures foreseen in the EIA are implemented properly.

In this context, the World Heritage Committee in June 2013 at is session in Cambodia, requested the Government of Tanzania to invite a monitoring mission to the site, not only to follow up on the mining development which is now formally outside the World Heritage site but which may impact on the site given its location on the boundary and within the same river basin, but also to review its general State of Conservation. This mission was undertaken in December 2013 by WHC and IUCN representatives and the full mission report is publicly available on the UNESCO website4.

Critical to the justification to inscribe Selous Game Reserve on the World Heritage List were the important wildlife populations it was harbouring at the time of inscription in 1982, including its "globally significant populations of African Elephant and Black Rhinoceros". There is widespread agreement that historic elephant numbers exceeded 100,000 into the 1970s. However, by the late 1980s the populations dramatically went down to some 30,000. In response to the crisis, the Government developed the Selous Conservation Project, in close cooperation with the Government of Germany. The project strengthened law enforcement and improved the management of the site. This resulted in an impressive recovery of the populations of elephant and other wildlife species, with up to 60,000 elephants estimated around 2002 and eventually some 70,000 in 2005/2006, less than 10 years ago.

Following new and consistent reports about heavily increased poaching, a major aerial survey was conducted just before the mission arrived. The results showed an almost incredible decline of the elephant population, with only slightly more than 13,000 individuals in the entire Selous Ecosystem (which includes also Mikumi National Park, Selous-Niassa Corridor and Kilombero Valley Floodplain). The age of carcasses spotted in the survey and the very scale indicate that poaching levels must have been very high for years, even before drawing the major recent attention.

The dramatic decline of the elephant population in Selous is unfortunately not an isolated phenomenon. Elephant poaching has surged alarmingly across Africa over the last years, triggered by newly increasing demand from Asia and in particular China. According to reports of the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES), illicit trade in ivory has tripled since 1998 and the current situation amounts to the most serious conservation crisis of the African Elephant since 1989.

The mission did not get any data on the population of Black Rhino, but given the high value of rhino horn on the black market, which have led to increased poaching pressure everywhere on the continent; it is likely that the situation for that species is even more dramatic.

Based on the unprecedented surge in poaching reflected in the documented dramatic decline of the elephant population and the likely decline in Black Rhino and possibly other species, the mission recommended that the World Heritage Committee inscribe Selous Game Reserve on the List of World Heritage in Danger in line with corresponding provisions in the so-called Operational Guidelines under the World Heritage Convention. The World Heritage Committee followed this recommendation and the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in Danger in July 2014 at the Committee meeting in Qatar.

The Government of Tanzania deserves full credit for not only acknowledging the challenges but also for supporting the “danger listing” to draw attention to and address the situation. Both the

4 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/199/documents/


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Committee and the government called on other Parties to support the national efforts to address the poaching issue. Since the inscription on the Danger List, Tanzania has announced a new countrywide anti-poaching strategy and specific measures to address the elephant poaching crisis. Several other States Parties have pledged support to Tanzania. Germany, in particular, has released funds for emergency anti-poaching activities, and is planning a long-term investment to improve the management and infrastructure in the site jointly with Tanzanian partners.

For the moment, it is not clear whether these measures are already bearing fruit. Fact is, however, the danger listing has brought much needed attention within and beyond Tanzania. There is reason for cautious optimism based on past experience. The recovery of the elephant population in the Selous in the 1990s, following the previous poaching crisis of the 1980s illustrated beyond any doubt that recovery is in principle possible - provided poaching can be brought under control.

Selous Game Reserve is one of the few natural sites on the World Heritage List where trophy hunting is permitted. Given the current poaching crisis, it is unsurprising that some have suggested a ban on trophy hunting of elephants. While the complex and emotionally charged debate surrounding trophy hunting of elephants is beyond the scope of this contribution, it is clear that the dramatic decline of elephants in the Selous is not linked to the limited off take by trophy hunting and even opponents of trophy hunting do not appear to make that case. It is important to note that trophy hunting per se is in principle compatible with the World Heritage Convention as a form of “sustainable use” on condition that it is managed in a way that does not compromise the wildlife populations or the ecosystem more broadly. At the same time, trophy hunting is bringing in important revenues, which with the reinstating of the revenue retention scheme are available to ensure the management of this huge area and it therefore seems ill-advised and counterproductive to ban trophy hunting, at a time where all resources are needed to fight the current poaching crisis. 5. Long Term Threats To The Selous

Even if the poaching crisis can be brought under control in the short term and populations bounce back in what continues to be a vast area of prime habitat, numerous challenges risk to compromise the long term future of the Selous. These challenges are linked to the rapid pace of development witnessed in Tanzania, including in and around the wider Selous Ecosystem, which leads to an increasing demand for land and resources. The demand includes land and water for large agricultural schemes, such as the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT), road construction, mining and proposed dams. To ensure the long term survival of these vast wilderness areas, it will be crucial that development options are taking into consideration the conservation of this unique area, ensuring landscape connectivity, in particular corridors to other protected areas, the Selous-Niassa Corridor, buffer zones and possible strategic additions to the property. Particularly worrisome is the possible construction of a huge hydroelectric dam on the Rufiji River at Stiegler’s Gorge. The dam would create a huge reservoir, covering some 110,000 hectares in the heart of the Reserve. All major infrastructures, including road access and transmission, would be situated entirely within the boundaries of the Reserve or inevitably would have to cross central parts of it. It is unclear what the current status of this project is but if constructed, the Stiegler's Gorge Dam would undoubtedly induce massive change, put an end to the status of large and central parts of the Reserve as an undisturbed natural area and may call the World Heritage status into question.

The long-term survival of the Selous will require an enhanced coordination and cooperation across sectors and institutions and even more importantly in the long term, a stronger integration of the needs of local communities. To this day, the benefits of the Selous for the growing population living in the Reserve's vicinity are minimal. At the same time, the mostly poor rural residents bear important costs in the form of crop damage and other forms of human – wildlife conflict, including lethal accidents. Experience from around the world shows that poor rural residents living next to






protected areas not only without tangible benefits, but bearing high costs are a recipe for conflict and poor conservation results. Strengthening on-going efforts for benefit sharing and local involvement for example by further empowering local communities in managing Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) around the Reserve are therefore crucial and among the best investments in the long term future of the Reserve. 6. Conclusion

With rapid population growth and development across the continent, the Selous Game Reserve is one of the last large wilderness areas left in eastern Africa. But it is clear that the Reserve could soon reach a crossroads in its history.

The poaching crisis is the most immediate threat to the Selous, and if it cannot be brought under control, wildlife populations will further erode and the site will progressively lose the values for which it was inscribed as a natural World Heritage site. Large herbivores like elephants play a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem dynamic of the Reserve and their disappearance could have other fare reaching consequences for the integrity of the ecosystem. Eventually, this could eventually lead to its delisting from the World Heritage List. However, if decisive action is taken, recovery of the populations is still possible. The situation is dramatic, but key actors have since recognized the scale and urgency of the challenge and are starting to respond to it. It is not too late.

But tackling the poaching crisis will not be enough to ensure the long-term future of the Selous as an undisturbed wilderness area. It will be crucial that developments around the area are planned carefully and that those development options, which are compatible with its survival, are chosen. At the same time, it will be crucial that local communities receive tangible benefits from the Reserve. A joint effort of all stakeholders will be needed to make this work. But we have to make this work: like the Serengeti, the Selous is a common heritage of all Tanzanians and of humankind more broadly. It must not die!

Sustainable Use Workshops in Zimbabwe Extracted from the World Conservation Force Bulletin by Gerhard Damm

In November and December 2014 Conservation Force initiated and sponsored two

workshops in Zimbabwe to prepare an up-to-date National Elephant Action and Management Plan. On 17 and 18 November 2014, the CAMPFIRE Stakeholders’ Workshop Towards the

Development of a New Elephant Management Plan and Policy was held in Harare, funded by Dallas Safari Club, and Conservation Force. It was attended by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA), the Ministry of Environment, both the Board Chairman and Director of the CAMPFIRE Association, more than a dozen District and Ward representatives and coordinators, a representative of WWF Zimbabwe, two safari operators (Clive Stockil of Save Valley Conservancy and Miles McCallum of Charlton McCallum Safaris) and representatives of Dallas Safari Club and Safari Club International.

The National Elephant Action Plan Workshop, initiated by Conservation Force and funded in large part by Shikar Safari Club International was conducted on 2 to 4 December in Hwange National Park by ZPWMA with the objective to replace the 1997 National Elephant Management Plan with one that included smart, clear goals, objectives and management options/actions and indicators that are measurable. The preliminary 2014 aerial survey results of the Great Elephant Census were presented. The Zimbabwe elephant population, excluding the Bubye and Save Valley Conservancies,


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is estimated at approximately 82,000 to 83,000, marginally below the estimated 88,000 elephant in Zimbabwe’s last countrywide aerial survey with a similar methodology in 2001.

Zimbabwe’s largest elephant population in Hwange National Park has grown to more than 40,000 and continues to grow, a fact which Zimbabwe authorities have represented to both USFWS and the US Congress. The total NW Matabeleland population is up 10% since 2001. This population, taken together with the adjoining population in Botswana, comprises the largest elephant population in the world. … [Collaboration] between the local hunting operator and ZPWMA made short work of the poachers and poaching. The local hunting operator there has his own 12-man anti-poaching team and regularly flies that quadrant of Hwange National Park. Also, ZPWMA has installed a permanent anti-poaching outpost in the area. … Expert [opinion suggests] that the population in Hwange is four or more times greater than management objective. The second population in Gonarezhou National Park has been steadily growing for 20 years and has more than doubled since the last national aerial survey in 2001 to more than 11,000 (134%). The Lower Zambezi Valley population is down from 19,000 in 2001 to 14,000 and the Sebungwe population is down 75% from 14,000 to 15,000 in 2001 to 3.500.

The new draft 2014 National Management Plan provides for the creation of a national elephant coordinator and the creation of a national and four regional committees to meet regularly and create and implement regional plans under the new national plan framework (for the complete article click HERE).

CAMPFIRE: Towards the Development of a New Elephant Management Plan and Policy Regina Lennox (edited by G R Damm –full report see Conservation Bulletin February 2015)

In his welcome address George Pangetti of SCI noted that tourist hunting is critical for Zimbabwe and CAMPFIRE and highlighted the importance of updating Zimbabwe’s national elephant management plan in a way that it be internationally accepted.

Deputy Director of the Ministry of the Environment Tanyaradzwa Mundoga described that CAMPFIRE provides direct and indirect benefits to districts and local communities, including building projects and greater food security. He announced that the Ministry is planning to evaluate the CAMPFIRE program and will also look at successful CBNRM programs in Namibia for inspiration.

ZimParks’ principal ecologist identified threats to elephant conservation including: habitat loss, poaching, land use conflicts, human-wildlife conflicts, Zimbabwe’s large and costly ivory stockpile, and the US trophy import suspension.

Each district representative presented on CAMPFIRE performance, including revenue allocation, offtake from poaching and problem animal control (PAC), elephant quotas and utilization, as well as on the revenues generated primarily by tourist hunting (mainly elephant hunting) and distributed to communities and RDCs.

Notably, reported poaching levels were generally low to very low, with several districts reporting zero incidents. Districts located near Zimbabwe’s international borders, particularly the Mozambique border, reported higher levels of poaching and poisonings. Despite this, total poaching in CAMPFIRE areas averaged only 23 elephant/year. Approximately 50 elephant are taken annually as problem animals (PAC) – far lower than the average utilized hunting quota of 123 elephant/year. Quota utilization levels were surprisingly low in some districts and likely reasons for low utilization include declining trophy quality due to widespread poaching in neighboring countries, inefficient



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safari operators or local councils, and reduced numbers of tourist hunters as a result of the US trophy import suspension.

During the Mbire RDC presentation, Miles McCallum of Charlton McCallum Safaris gave a view of elephant hunting in a CAMPFIRE area. McCallum Safaris was one of the first safari operators to develop a joint venture with local communities. This model should be adopted in all CAMPFIRE areas so that local communities receive their fair share of tourist hunting income and play an active role in the sustainable use of wildlife. In 2013, McCallum Safaris paid over $349,215 to CAMPFIRE wards and the RDC. US elephant hunters contributed 40% of this total ($132,870). But in 2014, while a total of $400,995 was paid to wards and RDC, the contribution of US elephant hunters dropped to 27% ($100,800), hence total income from elephant hunting dropped to 32% ($118,425) of the total. McCallum mentioned the effect of high levels of poaching in Mozambique which lead to an observable trophy quality decline. He said that if elephant hunting is cut off completely, such as through an extended trophy import ban, elephant will not survive in CAMPFIRE areas. Poor rural communities will not tolerate crop damage, will lose their incentives to turn in poachers, may join poachers, and will have no reason not to clear fields in areas that are currently wildlife habitat.

Charles Jonga said CAMPFIRE will not survive if the US trophy import suspension continues. Although this was not the workshop’s focus, it was the “Elephant in the Room,” and he mentioned the suspension’s impact on CAMPFIRE for 2014, including a 45% increase in incidents of human-elephant conflict and a sizable decline (57%) in quota utilization due to canceled hunts.

The workshop identified a number of CAMPFIRE’s successes and concerns. The significance of CBNRM in Zimbabwe was reinforced and the continued need to encourage those who live with wildlife to protect it and use it sustainably for everyone’s benefit. CAMPFIRE should now address 3 pressing issues. The 2014 survey preliminary results show an elephant population of at least 82,000, which must be balanced with human population pressures. CAMPFIRE must ensure revenue from tourist hunting and other resource uses continues to flow down to local communities and households to keep the incentives for safeguarding wildlife and natural resources in place. CAMPFIRE faces these challenges with limited resources and capacity, especially while the trophy import suspension continues and must attract the assistance of USF&WS, other countries, international organizations, and NGOs. CAMPFIRE must make them realize they have a prime opportunity to “help CAMPFIRE help itself,” and keep CBNRM on track in Zimbabwe for the benefit of its wildlife and its people.

Bubye River Conservancy Trevor Lane

The Bubye River Conservancy (BRC) has got to be one of the greatest and most successful

wildlife conservation programs in Africa. Years ago, in the mid 90’s, Charles Davy had the vision and guts, and with the aid of international investors, to take what was an old cattle ranch called Liebigs Ranching, get rid of the cattle, erect a 240 km double game fence around the 350,000 ha property, and develop it into one of the finest game areas in Zimbabwe.

The BRC is typical lowveld, with a wide variety of landscapes and vegetation. The Ripple Creek section has beautiful kopjes, with roads winding between them. Here are klipspringer, kudu and the black eagles. The rest of the conservancy is mainly flat, with rocky outcrops. It is intersected by typical African sand rivers, with reedbeds and pools in the sand. There are several impressive big






dams, with good bass fishing, and fantastic bird life. Scattered around the property are 9 well-constructed, luxury camps, primarily for hunting clients. One really gets that “bushveld” feeling here!

Today, the BRC has about 14,000 zebra. 12,000 wildebeest, countless thousand impala, several thousand each waterbuck, buffalo, giraffe, eland, and kudu, plus populations of elephant, nyala, sable, bushbuck, klipspringer, etc. It has a large predator population – lions (apparently more lions than Hwange National Park), leopard, wild dogs and both hyena species. It also has the largest black rhino population in Zimbabwe, increasing yearly, and a good population of white rhino.

The BRC has been managed from its inception by Blondie Leathem, an old Parks veteran, and it stands as a shining example of how to manage a large conservation area. Water is well spread over the conservancy, from rivers such as the Bubye to large dams, and to a unique piped water system with evenly dispersed troughs which work on an innovative pressure gauge/ball valve system to keep the troughs full at all times. This wide spread of water also gives a wide spread of game.

Anti-poaching is a high priority and very well organized. When one considers the area to be protected, the boundaries to be patrolled and the limited staff, the success of the APU and the failure of the poachers are remarkable. No doubt more will try, but they are faced by a highly motivated anti-poaching unit, ably led by Norman English the ex-warden of Sinamatella (Source: Bhejane Trust 11/2014).

Hunting, Poaching and Rhino Horn Trevor Lane

Without getting involved in any debate on hunting or otherwise, the fact is that the wildlife

gem [called Bubye River Conservancy] is funded entirely by hunting, and without any hunting revenue to cover costs, it is doubtful whether the investors would be willing to dig deep into their pockets to keep it going. The cost of protecting the rhino population alone is considerable, and this is all funded through hunting revenues. While I understand the sentiments of the anti-hunting groups, I do believe in Africa's harsh reality, hunting has its part to play. When I established and ran the Wildlife Unit of Forestry Commission we operated on the basis of "use it or lose it", and successfully built up some fantastic wildlife areas on funding from hunting.

I feel the Botswana hunting ban will be responsible for the elimination of more animals than it will ever save - what the anti-hunting lobby do not seem to understand is that there are large areas of Botswana such as Tamafupa or Bottle Pan which are totally unsuited to photographic operations as they are largely teak forest with odd pans - you do not have teeming herds and photo opportunities such as the Delta. These pans have been pumped for years by hunting operators, and this has allowed territorial species such as sable to establish populations. Suddenly removing the water by the operators’ withdrawal will condemn these populations to a bleak future and no doubt they will die off in a very miserable fashion. The future of this land as wildlife land is in doubt as it is now worthless from a wildlife point of view. The land is currently abandoned (which the Zambian elephant poachers have discovered), and it might eventually be turned over to cattle ranching.

The arguments are also raging back and forth on the sale of rhino horn. There is some fine work been done to tackle the trade issues in Vietnam and China, but the reality is that the poaching pressure is relentless, the demand insatiable, and much funding is required to tackle the protection issues on the ground. The big question is where is the funding to come from? A carefully monitored program of sale of horn on a sustainable basis would provide sufficient funding to ensure the continued survival of the rhino. The argument that the legal sale of horn will increase demand holds






no water – the demand already exceeds the horn that could be supplied by the existing rhino population! To me, the main worry would be the channeling of illegal horn into the system, but careful monitoring should keep this in check. The big proviso should be [that] all funds raised from sale of horn are directed into rhino conservation (though in reality this could be difficult to monitor).

If activists can come up with an alternative funding option to save the rhino, and produce the funding required, then all parties would be happy!! (Source: Bhejane Trust 11/2014 Newsletter).

The ZPWMA Save Conservancy Hunting Concession Auctions Vernon Booth

On 19th December 2014 the Director General of the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA) instructed a local auctioneering house to conduct the sale of three hunting concessions that had been expropriated in the Save Valley Conservancy.

Details of the three concessions, Bedford, Mapari and Senuko 3, were advertised on the ZPWMA website. Potential buyers could receive a brochure after lodging a US$10,000 deposit with the auctioneers.

The auction was scheduled for 10:30am, but was delayed until after 11:30am. Approximately 30 people attended (including a large contingent of buyers seeking ‘kapenta’ fishing license permits on Lake Kariba). Officials from ZPWMA as well as from the Parks Board were also in attendance.

Senuko 3 was the first concession to be offered. Instead of brisk bidding, the auctioneer was faced with a stony silence and stares from the audience. It was blatantly obvious that he was embarrassed and uncomfortable with the process. After a few minutes he implored the gathering to offer a bid, even stating that was the intention of the auction. Little did he appreciate that the vast majority of the audience were observers, and had no intention of participating in this process.

After several more pleas, a community leader offered US$10,000 for Senuko 3. This was rejected by the auctioneer who informed the gathering that the reserve price was US$60,000 for 5 years plus compulsory annual purchase of the fixed quota (which was not provided in the brochure, so it was difficult to calculate what this might be) and a concession fee calculated at 30% of the value of the fixed quota. Other charges included 15%VAT and a 1.5% commission for the auctioneers’ services.

No further bids were received, leading the auctioneer to plead for a compromise that approached the reserve price. This was embarrassing to all who were present. Offers to negotiate continued, with the reserve price being reduced to US$55,000. A stalemate ensued and the






concession was not sold. Another offer was made and after some awkward discussions, ZPWMA accepted a bid of US$50,000 for Senuko 3.

The second concession, Mapari, followed a similar pattern. No bidders were forthcoming until a local indigenous businessman allegedly linked to a prominent Zimbabwe safari company offered US$20,000. This was rejected out of hand as the reserve price was set at US$150,000! What followed was incredulous, as the bidder, with no threat or competition from anyone else, meekly succumbed to the auctioneer’s demands and accepted the reserve price. The skeptics in the audience muttered among themselves as to whether this was reality or not.

The final block, Bedford, was combined with Hunyani. Again after a few minutes of silence, a single bidder offered US30,000 for the Bedford concession only. This was rejected by the auctioneer who informed the bidder that it was to be sold together with Hunyani and that the reserve price was set at US$200,000! A glance at the sample quota provided in the brochure clearly showed that there was little chance to generate sufficient income after payments of concession fees, fixed trophy fees and all the other management related costs. This was clearly a farce.

Once again the auctioneer embarked on a process of ‘horse-trading’ with the sole bidder until a second bidder offered US$40,000. This spurred a short brisk bidding process that drove the price up to US$59,000 in favor of the second bidder. This was rejected by the auctioneer as it did not meet the reserve price. Once again a stalemate was reached with the second bidder leaving the room to make an urgent phone call to what is assumed was the true bidder.

That is where I left the auction: Senuko 3 was awarded to a local community initiative, Mapari to a local company and Bedford in limbo.

What happens next will be keenly monitored both locally and abroad. Some schools of thought are of the opinion that the Director General has been pushed between a rock and a hard place, and is simply obeying his political masters. Others believe that this is a desperate act by the DG who is head of an organization that is bankrupt and looking for short term gains by plundering the Save Conservancy. Whatever the case, a clear message emerged from this auction that the process was wrong. Other options exist to achieve a win-win situation for all parties instead of destroying the properties in question, and with that, the soul of the Save Conservancy.

New Horizon For Communal Conservancies Chrispin Inambao

WWF, Namibia Professional Hunting Association (NAPHA) and the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB) requested the Eagle Rock Hunting Academy owned by well-known Namibian professional hunter, Volker Grellmann, to train communal conservancy hunters. Nine Namibians are being taught to become hunting operators. The course participants, among them three women, are from the communal conservancies of Seisfontein, Puros, Tsiseb and Torra in the northwest region of Kunene.

The five-day course at Eagle Rock on the periphery of Windhoek took place in November 2014. Eagle Rock has provided professional training of trophy hunters for the past 40 years and taught 284 indigenous Namibians since 2001.

Volker Grellmann


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Grellmann said “the course prepares people to become safari hunting operators in their conservancies. Presently, in these conservancies there are professional hunters with hunting concessions who come from farms and safari outfits outside these areas. We want to indigenize hunting outfits operating in those areas.”

Kai-Uwe Denker, president of NAPHA, told the participants that the communal conservancy program initiated by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism is one of the flagships of Namibian conservation. He said “one of the big success stories of this country – the communal conservancies – are located in often the most spectacular parts of this country with its truly spectacular wide open spaces where some of our big game occurs”. Denker also said the local communal conservancy program, which is about resource beneficiation to communities within these conservancies, has been so successful that Namibia received international recognition. Denker referred to the 2012 Markhor Award that was received jointly by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) and the Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) from the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) that recognized Namibia’s outstanding work in communal conservancies.

Anti-Poaching Initiative Launched In Namibia Jofie and Maryke Lamprecht

The poachers have have arrived. The animals are dying … or rather being slaughtered! Namibia is the latest African country where the serious onslaught of organized crime syndicates is paying local people to poach and hack Elephant ivory and Rhino horn from their heads. Animals that we collectively and as a country have looked after so well. Christmas in Namibia saw the savage poachers kill an already de-horned black rhino cow and calf for what was left of their horns.

A confirmed 79 elephant and 22 rhino have been slaughtered in Namibia in the year 2014. In this vast and sparsely populated country many carcasses most probably lie unfound. The number could be double or triple – especially in the case of elephant. Our safari company found 7 elephant carcasses in just two weeks while on safari in the Caprivi in June. It is hard to believe that we found 10% of the poached Elephant in such a short amount of time... Therefore it is time for the talking to stop and words to be replaced with action.

Jofie Lamprecht Safaris has decided to invest time and resources in helping the battle against these international syndicates by protecting the animals on. By air and on the ground this daunting and important work must start immediately - if we are not too late. From now on Jofie Lamprecht Safaris will be involved in the following initiatives:

Affordable drone technology deploying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and training to be set up all over Namibia. The drone project has been initiated by the Next Generation Conservation Trust Namibia and is already been well established: Funded and driven by the Namibian business community, this not-for-profit trust has as its sole aim to put large swatches of Namibia’s conservancies and reserves under constant aerial surveillance. To learn more about the Trust go to http://www.nextgenconservation.com.

Mobile anti-poaching units that can react on intel from the drones or other reports. The anti-poaching units will be recruited from Bushmen tribes that currently have little or no opportunities for employment.


http://www.nextgenconservation.com/





Ex-special forces operators that will assist with the training and knowledge they have gained in active combat. This is set to become a full scale war against these well-funded criminals.

Conservation Force and John J Jackson III pledged their support for this project. All prospective donors can send funds to Conservation Force as an official donation that will qualify for a tax write-off in the United States. Jofie and Maryke Lamprecht will be in the US during the Convention season in January and February to gather additional input and explain details on the project. You can also contact Jofie by email at [email protected] and request a pdf file with the informative Contributors Prospectus of the Next Generation Conservation Trust Namibia.

Ian Parker Collection On East African Wildlife Conservation Gerhard R Damm

The George A. Smathers Libraries (Special and Area Studies Collections) of the University of Florida announced in July 2014 the online availability in the UF Digital Collections of the digitized “Ian Parker Collection Relating to East African Wildlife Conservation” which comprises 35.75 linear feet in 62 boxes. This important collection is now open for research.

The Parker Collection documents wildlife management and conservation in East Africa, particularly in Kenya, over more than fifty years. Although materials in the collection date from 1896 to 2012, the bulk of the collection spans 1956-2004 and covers Parker's service as a Game Warden in Kenya, his activities with Wildlife Services Ltd., work as an independent consultant, and his research and activities with the ivory trade poaching, elephants and other wildlife. The collection is arranged in multiple file series or groups:

1979 World Ivory Trade Study

Second World Ivory Trade Study (1989) for CITES

Eburiana

Miscellaneous Ivory Files

Elephant Data

Rodney Elliott Files

Kenya

Uganda

Shashe Silk

Correspondence and Subject Files

Photographs and Audiovisual

Maps and Oversize Materials

Reprints

Miscellaneous Publications

The first five file groups pertain to the ivory trade and elephants. These materials include research data, correspondence, government publications and legislation, and numerous reports created by Parker. In addition to reports completed for the 1979 World Ivory Trade Study and the Second World Ivory Trade Study, there is the "Black Report" that he produced for Botswana in 1971, the "White Report" produced in 1973, and the Ebur (Latin for ivory) Report from 1974-1975. The files identified by Parker as "Eburiana" include materials Parker gathered on the ivory and horn trade, poaching, corruption, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and Operation Lock, a covert operation conducted in South Africa by a private military firm, KAS Enterprises. The culmination of these investigations was a presentation before the 1996 Commission of Inquiry into the Alleged Smuggling of and Illegal Trade in Ivory and Rhinoceros in South Africa (one of President Mandela's government's Truth Commissions). The Elephant Data files consist of biological field data compiled during culling operations intended to mitigate elephant overpopulation from 1965-1969 at environmentally stressed sites in several East African countries.







Digital reproductions of selected items in the Parker collection are available online via the University of Florida Digital Collections (UFDC). Materials relating to the ivory trade are available online at http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00020117/00001/allvolumes (also includes Ebur and rhino files, Rodney Elliott materials, etc.). Digital reproductions of elephant data sheets are available online at http://ufdc.ufl.edu/l/AA00013409/. For complete information on the Ian Parker collection and terms of use please go to http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/manuscript/guides/parker.htm or contact Special Collections Access Services.

Hunting Intergroup Backed By European Parliament FACE Press Release (Cecilia Luetgebrune, Public Affairs Officer, [email protected])

The European Parliament’s Intergroup on Biodiversity, Hunting and Countryside – the so called “Hunting Intergroup” – has officially been re-established for the 2014-2019 legislature by the European Parliament’s Conference of Presidents of the political groups. MEP Karl-Heinz Florenz (EPP, DE) played a key role in the reconstitution of the Intergroup.

“This vote sends a strong signal that MEPs consider hunters and the countryside an important voice to tune into, and that hunters and land managers are key stakeholders in the debate on biodiversity. This is indeed THE biodiversity intergroup” said MEP Renata Briano (S&D, IT).

Intergroups are formed by Members from any political group, with a view of holding informal exchanges of views on particular subjects and promoting contact between decision makers and civil society. Since the beginning of the new legislature MEPs actively sought to install the Hunting Intergroup, which exists since 1985 and is one of largest and most active, contributing to debates on wildlife conservation and management, firearms legislation, public and animal health policies and rural issues. The Hunting Intergroup was backed by over one hundred Members of the European Parliament from all political groups and is one of twenty nine such groups being approved out of over seventy proposals.

“The ample support received by the Hunting Intergroup demonstrates the relevance of the values advocated by hunters and rural actors. A modern society must never forget is own roots and hunting remains a profound part of our common European heritage. The re-establishment of this historical Intergroup is also owed to the Members of FACE, the national hunting organisations in the 28 EU Member States. They represent real people – millions of hunters who share a deep passion for nature and who on a daily basis do real change on the ground to achieve EU’s ambitious biodiversity targets. These are quite naturally the people decision makers should want to talk to,” said Gilbert de Turckheim, FACE President.

MEP Boris Zala (S&D, SK) said that “…the Hunting Intergroup … is an open window in the heart of EU decision making to some of the finest and richest traditions and cultures of our European continent, stretching from gastronomy and high quality game meat to poetry and music passed on over generations”.

One of the core values of the Hunting Intergroup is the respect for the subsidiarity principle, national and regional competences and that decisions should be taken as close to the EU citizens as possible. The “one-size-fits-all solution” rarely fits hunting. The re-establishment of the Hunting Intergroup for the 2014-2019 legislature represents the re-birth of an active and alert hunting watchdog and thought leader in the corridors of the European Parliament for the coming five years.


http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00020117/00001/allvolumes

http://ufdc.ufl.edu/l/AA00013409/

http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/manuscript/guides/parker.htm







The Secretariat of the Hunting Intergroup is provided by the European Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation (FACE). The European Landowners’ Organization (ELO) is acting as its Co-Secretariat, bringing its expertise on countryside-related topics.

News From and About Africa

Stop Press: News South Africa – Rhino Poaching Andrea Teagle of the Daily Maverick published an online article on January 28th critically

analyzing the Press Statements of Minister of Environmental Affairs Edna Molewa which discusses tackling the scourge of rhino poaching. One hears lots of ‘good’ news – but sadly there is little of real substance on the key issues when one delves a little deeper, says Ms Teagle, commenting that one of the greatest criticisms against South Africa’s anti-poaching efforts has been of the low rate of arrests of middlemen and syndicate leaders, as well as lenient sentences often handed out to poachers. It is well worthwhile reading the full article online at “The fight to save SA's rhinos: What the Minister didn't say”. Angola

The IUCN Antelope Specialist Group expressed concern over a consignment of 215 antelopes due to be shipped from South Africa to Angola’s Kissama (Quiçama) National Park. Most of the animals do not occur naturally in Angola and the translocation apparently contravenes policies adopted by most Southern African countries and existing IUCN guidelines. According to the exporter, Miguel Ferreira of Exotic Game Breeders, they will be kept in a fenced-off area at Kissama and used to stock Angola’s nine national parks and other nature reserves. The Kissama Foundation opposes any introduction of animals that is not in line with the principles of the international Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), as well as IUCN guidelines. The South African department of environmental affairs said it is investigating whether the parties involved have applied for permits to import Angolan animals in return. Biodiversity legislation in South Africa prohibits the translocation of threatened or protected species to an area if there is a possibility of hybridization (Source: Fiona Macleod, Oxpeckers Centre for Investigative Environmental Journalism).

Angola

There is suspicion that the traders behind the Kissama deal have their eye on acquiring the critically endangered giant sable (palanca negra or Hippotragus niger variani) from Angola. Giant sable are coveted by wildlife breeders and could fetch up to R20-million on the market, according to some experts. Exotic Game Breeders, co-owned by Ferreira and Lee Cannata, specializes in breeding “animals of exceptional quality”. “Our concern is that they are breeding across different subspecies, mainly to sell them for hunting purposes,” said an adviser to the IUCN antelope specialist group. A wildlife veterinarian who works in Angola said South African wildlife breeders could feasibly bring in Angolan giant sable without too much fanfare. “There is nothing more wanted in South Africa than giant sable,” he said. “If need be, they could bring them along established smuggling routes through Botswana and the Northern Cape.” Ferreira and his Angolan partner in the Kissama deal denied they had any intention to trade giant sable for the Kissama animals. They refused to name the officials from the Angolan national parks board with whom they are dealing, citing contractual confidentiality (Source: Fiona Macleod, Oxpeckers Centre for Investigative Environmental Journalism).


http://www.face.eu/

http://www.face.eu/

http://www.europeanlandowners.org/

http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-01-28-the-fight-to-save-sas-rhinos-what-the-minister-didnt-say/?utm_source=Daily+Maverick+Mailer&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=First+Thing+with+John+stupart%3A+Tuesday%2C+2+September+2014&utm_term=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2015-01-28-the-fight-to-save-sas-rhinos-what-the-minister-didnt-say%2F#.VMjKlv6UeSo

http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-01-28-the-fight-to-save-sas-rhinos-what-the-minister-didnt-say/?utm_source=Daily+Maverick+Mailer&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=First+Thing+with+John+stupart%3A+Tuesday%2C+2+September+2014&utm_term=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2015-01-28-the-fight-to-save-sas-rhinos-what-the-minister-didnt-say%2F#.VMjKlv6UeSo





Botswana

The Botswana Wildlife Management Association and San activists argue that the country has too many elephants - and that hunting is necessary to conserve wildlife. Today, visiting hunters are only allowed to hunt plains game on private game ranches. The San are now preparing to challenge President Khama's hunting ban in court. Central African Republic

On November 26th, the Chinko Project in CAR was officially approved by African Parks and is now part of the network. Training of new park rangers will take place from January to March 2015. The Chinko team is also working with national and regional authorities to design an updated land use plan for eastern CAR. Bongo, giant eland and a giant forest hog were seen within one kilometer of the new Chinko HQ site - and a camera trap delivered amazing footage such as of two leopards playing. Read more about the Chinko Project HERE. Democratic Republic of Congo

The Okapi, Okapia johnstoni, is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This intriguing-looking mammal isa relative of the giraffe and inhabits forests of central, northern and eastern DRC. It is regionally extinct in Uganda. Okapis are threatened by habitat loss due to logging and expansion of human settlement. Hunting and cable snaring for meat and skins is a problem. The most prominent current threat is the presence of illegal armed groups in and around key protected areas. These groups prevent effective conservation action and engage in numerous illegal activities. In a notorious incident in June 2012, armed rebels attacked the Réserve de Faune à Okapis (RFO) HQ and killed seven people and all 14 captive Okapi. The Okapi is fully protected species under Congolese law. Significant populations occur in the RFO and Maiko National Park, and strengthening protection of these two areas has been identified as the most important measure for the Okapi’s long-term survival. Read more at IUCN Red List. European Union

In spite of the joint CIC/FACE letter to European Commission Vice-President Timmermans on the new EU trophy import regulations, the Commission just published the new regulations which include the following regulations (the provisions of the new regulations will enter into force on February 5, 2015):

An import permit will be required for the import into the EU of hunting trophies from six CITES-listed species: African lion, polar bear, African elephant (for populations not included in Annex A of Regulation 338/97, for which the import permit requirement already applies), Southern white rhinoceros (for populations not included in Annex A of Regulation 338/97, for which the import permit requirement already applies), hippopotamus and argali sheep.

EU Member States will have a clear legal basis to refuse the issuing of an import permit in case of serious doubts as to the legality of a shipment of CITES products, if no satisfactory information on this point is provided by the exporting country.

Gabon

On December 26th, during a routine check at the checkpoint in the village Yen on the Makokou-Lalara axis, the gendarmerie platoon arrested three ivory traffickers in possession of 21 tusks and 90 pieces of ivory weighing over 110 kg. One of the accused had 2,324,000 CFA on him and attempted to bribe the police with the promise of adding another 2.5 million CFA. All three were


http://www.chinkoproject.com/

http://50.iucnredlist.org/sites/default/files/species_pdf/okapia-johnstoni_0.pdf





brought before the prosecutor at the Court of Makokou on December 29 with all the seized ivory and the money of the attempted bribery.

Kenya - France

Kenyan businessman Feisal Mohammed Ali, alleged to be the leader of an ivory-smuggling ring in Kenya, is among 9 people named by Interpol in an operation dubbed Operation Infra Terra - International Fugitive Round Up and Arrest, its first-ever international appeal for the arrest of fugitives sought for committing environmental crimes. Ali was sought in connection with the seizure in June of 228 tusks and 74 ivory pieces weighing well over two tons. Other fugitives include Pakistani national Ahmed Kamran, accused of smuggling 100 live animals at Kilimanjaro Airport. He was arrested and charged before a Tanzanian court but jumped bail. Bhekumusa Mawilis Shiba, whose nationality is not confirmed but is believed to be either a Swazi or South African, is sought for flouting the Game Act. In a statement Interpol’s Ioannis Kokkinis urged the public to report any information that would lead to the arrest of the suspects. Read more HERE. Mozambique

Security staff and other officials at the Maputo international airport in Mozambique are under investigation for alleged involvement in the smuggling of rhino horns following the seizure of 41 kilos of rhinoceros horns at Johannesburg airport on 1 November (see African Indaba Vol. 12-6) which became the largest ever seizure of rhino horns by the South African authorities. The two traffickers, both Vietnamese citizens, transported the horns on a Qatar Airways plane that had started its journey in Maputo. Maputo-Doha flights make a short stop in Johannesburg, and passengers from Maputo are normally asked to stay on board. This time the South Africans had received a tip-off and passengers were asked to disembark. The luggage of the two Vietnamese was taken out of the aircraft hold, and between them, the two men were found to be carrying 34 large pieces of rhino horn, weighing a total of 41 kilos. All luggage, whether carried by hand, or placed in the hold, is supposed to go through scanners at Maputo airport - somehow the luggage of the Vietnamese had evaded that control (source http://www.ecooper.ca/). Namibia

A fact-finding tour to Kunene South organized by the Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) project revealed that in CBNRM 2010 benefits amounted to N$45.8m. WWF’s Greg Stuart-Hill said out of this figure conservancies generated an income exceeding N$39.5m. Trophy hunting concessions currently are the second highest benefit source with N$11.4m being earned as cash revenue, N$4.4m earned in kind (value of meat distributed) and further N$1.2m disbursed as salaries and wages from associated jobs. He said in 2010 the total income generated from direct wildlife utilization was N$17m or 43% of all income. Key activities being trophy hunting-premium hunting; own use hunting and shoot and sell. The cash income of Communal conservancies in Namibia rose from less than N$1m in 1998 to N$68m in 2014. “This year N$20m was derived from trophy hunting by registered conservancies while meat worth N$6m was distributed among community members,” Stuart-Hill told media (Source New Era, Namibia). Namibia & South Africa

Aloe dichotoma, also known as quiver tree or kokerboom in Namibia and in the Northern Cape of South Africa, thrives in desert and semi-desert climatic conditions. Known as Choje to the indigenous San people, the quiver tree gets its name from their practice of hollowing out the tubular branches of Aloe dichotoma to form quivers for their arrows. The quiver tree has large succulent


http://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Fugitive-investigations/Operation-Infra-Red/Wanted-persons-Infra-Terra-2014


http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenyan-on-Interpol-first-environmental-fugitives-list/-/1056/2525012/-/kkpykdz/-/

http://www.ecooper.ca/

http://www.newera.com.na/2014/12/16/conservancies-experience-real-growth/





leaves and a water-storing system. The trees could contract in the north and central parts of its range as temperatures rise due to climate change. South Africa

The Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) Wildlife and Energy Program (WEP) in cooperation with ESKOM installed hundreds of kilometers of power lines with diurnal bird flight diverters during the past two decades. Now, since August 2014 the partners commenced installing the new “Owl” nocturnal bird diverters equipped with solar-charged LED that warns birds of the power line threat and makes the country’s electrical infrastructure safe for wildlife. Across 5 sites 250 devices were installed, partially by using helicopters (Source EWT).

South Africa

Tourism Minister D. Hanekom, the Department of Environmental Affairs’ (DEA) chief director Dr M. Marumo, and the DEA’s deputy director of Threatened and Protected Species (TOPS) policy development M. Boshoff participated in the 37th annual PHASA AGM and Convention, held at the Mpekweni Beach Resort. Minister Hanekom said in his keynote address that the hunting industry was a valuable resource that played a big part in the success of wildlife tourism to South Africa, adding that it was quite clear that professional hunting is directly linked to the national economy, South Africa’s tourism success story and its overall conservation efforts. He also emphasized the importance for the industry to plough back into communities by offering jobs and skills training, procuring locally, empowering new entrants and involving local communities at every level (Source PHASA Newsletter 2014/12/12). South Africa

Latest hunting stats of the Department of Environmental Affairs revealed that hunting tourists inject R1 billion into the South Africa economy in the 2013 season. M. Boshoff said at the 37th PHASA AGM that hunting tourists spent an estimated R1.072b (+32% on R811m in 2012), driven largely by the dollar/rand exchange rate, an improvement across the board in daily rates received and an increase in the total number of trophies taken. The DEA statistics show that 7,638 overseas hunters came to South Africa last year (2012: 8,387), during which 44,028 trophies (2012: 40,866) were taken. Income from species fees amounted to R757.6m and income from daily rates came to R314.4m (2012: R237.0m) for a total of R1.072b. The calculations don’t include the impact of additional tourism spending such as food and drink, transport and additional sight-seeing activities or trophy handling and shipping costs. Impala (5,697), warthog (3,849), kudu (3,519), common blesbok (3,354), springbok (2,954), blue wildebeest (2,694), gemsbok (2,585), and Burchell’s zebra (2,492) make up the bulk of the trophies taken in 2013. The highest income generators in 2013 were lion (R122.3m = ca. 16.14% of total trophy fees), buffalo (R90.9m), kudu (R62.5m), white rhino (R54.8m), sable (R47.8m), gemsbok (R33.6m) nyala (R32.8m), Burchell’s zebra (R30.2m), waterbuck (R27.5m) and blue wildebeest (R26.1m). (Source PHASA Newsletter 2014/12/12).

South Africa

After a shootout on Christmas Day between three Ezemvelo Wildlife Rangers from the Anti-Rhino Poaching Unit and suspected poachers, one suspect was shot and killed at the Umkhuze Game Reserve in the Isimangaliso Wetlands Park. Two rangers were subsequently arrested and charged with murder by the police. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife has laid a complaint with the National Police Commissioner following the arrest.






South Africa – Czech Republic

16 people in the Czech Republic linked to a rhino poaching syndicate operating between South Africa and Vietnam have been arrested. It is reported the group collected and moved the horns under the guise of a trophy hunting operation linked to controversial South African game farmer Dawie Groenewald. Groenewald already faces charges of money laundering, fraud and trading in illegal rhino horn in South Africa and is wanted by US authorities who are trying to have him along with his brother extradited. Authorities say the shipping of the horns appears to have been approved by South African export officials, raising suspicions of corruption. South Africa

1,215 rhinos were killed for 2014 representing a 21% increase over the previous year’s 1,004, according to the South Africa Department of Environmental Affairs. Kruger National Park, which holds the majority of the country's rhinos, remains the epicenter of illegal activity, losing 827 rhinos during 2014, nearly two-thirds of all animals killed. The arrest of poachers has increased to 386 in 2014, up from 343 a year earlier. Among the high profile cases were 10 members of an alleged rhino poaching syndicate detained in September. Three months later, 16 members of a rhino horn smuggling syndicate based out of Prague, Czech Republic were arrested. South Africa

News24.com reported that security guards at game reserves were given food laced with poison by Hugo Ras who allegedly headed a rhino horn poaching syndicate. In a statement in opposition to bail being granted to Hugo Ras, Colonel Johan Jooste, national commander of the police's endangered species unit, said that Ras and his co-accused apparently went on reconnaissance missions to reserves and farms. He sometimes sent someone to buy the poison Aldicarb which was put in food then given to security guards as a gift, to make them drowsy. Ras is one of 10 people charged with crimes relating to the killing and mutilation of rhino and the theft of rhino horn. They face 318 charges including theft, illegally hunting rhino and possession of 84 rhino horn. South Sudan

The continuing conflict between President Salva Kiir and forces loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar has had a devastating humanitarian effect with over 10,000 people dead as a result of the fighting and the mass displacement of communities, but it is also having a serious environmental impact. Lt-Gen Alfred Akuch Omoli, of the South Sudan Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism said recently that, "Since the start of this conflict we have noticed that poaching has become terrible. Rebels are poaching and the government forces are also poaching because they are all fighting in rural areas and the only available food they can get is wild meat" (Source http://africajournalismtheworld.com). Tanzania

Elephant poaching in Kilombero Nature Reserve (KNR) and Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP) which fall in the same ecological system and they are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains has gone down for the past one year due to what game experts described as effective surveillance systems. A game officer in Kilolo District/Iringa, said that in January one elephant was being shot outside the reserve and died after getting into the protected area. He confirmed that for the past three years, Kilombero Nature Reserve remained free from poaching. The head of


http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhino-case-Guards-poisoned-by-hunters-20150203

http://africajournalismtheworld.com/





Udzungwa Mountains National Park, said "we have been working closely with local communities who now understood the importance of wildlife conservation and most of the time they have been calling us when they see elephants get out of the park". Tanzania

Conservation Force filed the final appeal of several test import permits for Tanzania elephant taken in 2014. The decision for those 2014 import permits and the determination for 2015 are both expected in January. Tanzania is doing everything right, so we expect the determination to turn on the preliminary results of the Great Elephant Census. That survey is completed but the results have not yet been released. No doubt it must show a stable or increasing population. We have reason to believe that poaching has been turned around and may have come under control as much as two years ago (Source World Conservation Force Bulletin, Dec. 2014). United Kingdom

Hunting trophies including ivory and rhino horn may be removed from public display at the Queen's Sandringham estate following questions over whether they contravene EU rules on endangered species. All of the items were collected between 1870 and 1941, including seven animals that were killed by Edward VII and George V. Royal Household staff is also likely to take into account the wishes of the Duke of Cambridge, who has suggested in the past that all ivory in the Royal Collection should be destroyed. The trophy room is one of 15 rooms at Sandringham which are open to the public between April and November each year. Zambia

INTERPOL has announced on 10 December 2014 that a suspected illegal ivory trader sought as one of nine persons by Operation Infra Terra - International Fugitive Round Up and Arrest was arrested in Zambia. The arrest follows INTERPOL's public appeal to help locate individuals wanted for environmental crimes. During the operation, with the support of INTERPOL's Fugitive Investigative Support (FIS) unit, investigators from Botswana and Zambia exchanged information on Ben Simasiku, the suspect in custody, including his possible location in Zambia. In parallel, the Zambia Wildlife Authority received a tip from a member of the public regarding a person in possession of ivory in Livingstone. Through collaboration with the Zambia Police, Simasiku was arrested on 2 December 2014. Read more HERE. Zambia

In early December, the Zambian Wildlife Association (ZAWA) advertised the re-tendering of those 19 hunting blocks that have been closed since 2013. ZAWA expects to have the tenders issued and contracts signed by end January/early February 2015, probably in time for the SCI Convention. A word of caution however: several operators who tendered a bid in 2012 (before the closure of the blocks) were preparing to get a court injunction issued to stop the process and the outcomes of the presidential elections on January 20th may also weigh in on any decisions. Zambia

Andrew Chomba of Zambian Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) confirmed to John J. Jackson III of Conservation Force that Zambia has included 36 elephant on the quota for 2015. Conservation Force also offered to cooperate with ZAWA to assist Zambia review the country’s elephant and lion management plans.




http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/interpols-infra-terra-leads-to-arrest-of-suspected-ivory-smuggler/





Zimbabwe Depletion of wildlife in Zimbabwe is linked to the fact that many conservation areas have

fallen into the hands of people [from political elites close to President Mugabe, the ZANU-PF party and the security forces] concerned more with wealth than preservation of keystone species like elephants. Politicians, army officers and politically-connected businessmen are able to use their influence and support for the government to escape investigation or prosecution for wildlife offences. The trail of involvement goes right to the top with one of the most powerful men in Zimbabwe and a contender to succeed Mugabe, Justice Minister E. Mnangagwa, has reportedly been accused of being a member of a rhino horn smuggling syndicate. Additionally rural poverty and hunger has increased poaching for bushmeat. There are reports of poachers directly selling elephant meat to army barracks to feed soldiers, as the government's finances dwindle. Masvingo province Governor Titus Maluleke, who has gained land in the area of the environmentally important Save Valley Conservancy, is reported as saying, "We are not interested in wildlife, we do not want to learn about the business. We want cash" (Source http://africajournalismtheworld.com).

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is considering the sale of 62 live elephants to China, France and the United Arab Emirates to help meet the $2.3 million annual running costs of Hwange National Park, director for Conservation at the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Authorities, G. Matipano, said in a Dec. 18 interview at Hwange. At 14,651 km2 Hwange has over 40,000 elephants against a carrying capacity of 15,000, Matipano said. “Obviously, these huge numbers puts pressure on us on how to manage them and also how to conserve the environment,” he added. Prior to shipment the elephants would be kept in an enclosure for three weeks before being shipped by cargo plane to their destination. Buyers from the UAE are seeking 15 elephants, China 27 and France 15 to 20 according to Matipano. “South African buyers have applied to acquire buffaloes and sable antelopes”, he added (Source Bloomberg News).

Wolfgang Burhenne Recieves Sierra Club’s EarthCare Award Gerhard R. Damm

Dr. Wolfgang E. Burhenne of Bonn, Germany, and a pioneer in environmental protection, received the EarthCare Award in San Francisco on 21st November from the Sierra Club, one of the oldest, largest and most renowned environmental organizations in North America, for his continuous efforts and success in developing and improving international environmental law. The EarthCare Award honors an individual, organization, or agency that has made a unique contribution to international environmental protection and conservation. Dr. Burhenne has been a pioneer in the field of international environmental law and made consistent and outstanding contributions to furthering the cause of conservation.

He is best known for his pioneering efforts to build and develop environmental law at international and national levels. His action in this field started within IUCN, which he joined for the

Dr. Wolfgang Burhenne, Member of the IUCN CEL Steering Committee (left) and Kimo Goree, Director of IISD Reporting

Services in 2011


http://africajournalismtheworld.com/

http://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-africa/zim-elephants-could-be-sold





Ian Player and Magqubu Ntombela

Photo: Trevor Barrett

first time as a young delegate to the 1950 General Assembly. He started and led the Committee on Legislation in 1960, which soon became the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law, which he chaired until 1990. From 1990-94, he served as Legal Advisor to IUCN, and since 1994 he has served as CEL’s United Nations Liaison, and as member-at-large on CEL’s steering committee. IUCN, through the Commission, became a major actor in the development of the first declarations on and principles of environmental law, but also of several key international conservation treaties from their conception through their adoption. Together with his late wife Dr. Françoise Burhenne-Guilmin he has been directly involved in nearly all the major international conventions concerned with conservation over the past 25 years, and to the development of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Environmental Law Centre in Bonn which has accumulated the world's most extensive collection of environmental legislative texts. Dr. Burhenne was one of 12 signatories to the Morges Manifesto, which established the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in 1961. With his wife Françoise, he assisted the Organization of African Unity (OAU) establish the Algiers Conservation Convention in 1968. The insights and skills of the Burhennes’ were essential to the creation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973, the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, in 1979; the World Charter for Nature, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1982; the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1985 and the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity 1992.

Wolfgang Burhenne, a life-long and passionate hunter, is a member of the Bavarian Hunting Association (BJV) and of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation CIC. Within the CIC, and his position as Honorary Legal Advisor, his sharp mind and analytical rationale continues to contribute to innovative and out-of-the-box solution in sustainable use of wild natural resource. Born in 1924, the now 90-year-old Burhenne continues to follow his passion as mountain hunter, especially for chamois. As the grandseigneur of German and European hunters, Dr. Burhenne continues to serve the cause of nature conservation.

Dr. Burhenne’s international recognition has been manifested in many awards, which include honoray doctorates from the University of Bhopal (India) and Pace University New York (USA); the Elizabeth Haub Prize for Environmental Law; the environmental medal of the Better World Society, New York; the Jefferson Coolidge Memorial Medal from IUCN; together with his wife Françoise, the UNEP Sasakawa Prize; the Order of Merit, Knight Commander's Cross, of the Federal Republic of Germany; the Alpine Award of the German section of International Commission for the Protection of the Alps CIPRA; and many others.

Obituary: Dr. Ian Player 1927-2014 Gerhard Damm

Ian Player died in November 2014, aged 87. The older brother of professional golfer Gary Player became involved in conservation in the 1950s as a game ranger on the Hluhluwe uMfolozi Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal, Africa’s oldest official nature reserve. When it was established in 1897, there were only about 50 southern white rhinos left in the world, all of them on this reserve. By the time Player began working there in 1952, the






population had recovered somewhat to under 500; by 1960 Umfolozi’s population of white rhinos had grown to 600. Player realized that it was dangerous to keep them restricted to one small park, so he convinced his reluctant superiors into allowing to move some of the animals to other protected parts of their former habitat. The resulting Operation Rhino became one of the most successful wildlife translocation programs ever. The southern white rhino became the first animal to be removed from the IUCN endangered species list and has been reestablished from Zululand over much of its former range in South Africa with a population estimated at over 20,000 today. Player eventually retired from the Natal Parks Board in 1974 as chief conservator in Zululand to devote more time to the wilderness movement.

Ian Player learned his belief in the spiritual value of wild places and the principles of inhlonipho (respect) and ubuntu (compassion) from his fellow ranger Magqubu Ntombela, a charismatic Zulu of royal blood with whom he started working in 1958. “I was steeped in the racial prejudice of my country and Magqubu transformed me,” Player recalled. In 1963 Player and Ntombela founded a Wilderness Leadership School with the aim of taking young people with leadership potential into the wilderness to encourage them to “question their place in the great scheme of things”. The success of the project eventually led Player to establish an International Wilderness Leadership Foundation in 1974, followed three years later by the World Wilderness Congress, the world’s longest-running public environmental forum.

With his practical approach to conservation, Player influenced numerous crucial developments in the conservation field and was honored with honorary doctorates and awards from around the world. More recently, he came out of retirement to campaign for a relaxation of the ban on the trade in rhino horn following the present surge in rhino poaching. Player believed that government-controlled trading in horns from animals that died naturally could force prices down, undermine the illegal trade and provide a source of revenue for conservation. South Africa's natural heritage is richer for his contribution and we thank his family for sharing him with us.

Obituary: Jonathan (Jon) Barnes, PhD, 1950 – 2014 Dr. Jon Barnes died unexpectedly at his home in

Windhoek, Namibia on 14th September 2014. A highly respected natural resource economist and leading thinker on the socioeconomic dimensions of conservation in southern Africa, Jon made a huge contribution to his field in Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, set up a national environmental economics program in Namibia running now for 20 years, and trained and mentored local cohorts of young economists.

With postgraduate training in both ecology and economics, Jon spent 12 years as a practicing ecologist, and a further 28 years as an environmental and natural resource economist. He worked from 1986 to 1993 as an advisor to the Government of Botswana on natural resource management matters, and from 1993 to 2008 as advisor on environmental affairs to the Government of Namibia. While in Botswana, he developed and managed a Resource Economics Unit for the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and provided on-the-job training to local, graduate


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10932824/Delia-Craig-obituary.html





counterparts. Similarly, in Namibia he developed and coordinated an Environmental Economics Unit, which set-up a program of environmental research, policy analysis and natural resource accounting. As Co-Director of the firm Design and Development Services, Jon undertook numerous consulting assignments ranging from a major economic valuation of wetlands in Zambia, Namibia, Malawi and Mozambique to economic and policy analyses of land-use scenarios in Botswana and Namibia.

Jon's passing leaves a massive void in the environmental sector in Namibia and southern Africa overall. He will be hugely missed by his family, friends, colleagues, students and all who knew him.

A Selection Of Interesting Literature On Conservation And Wildlife Management In Africa Gerhard R Damm

Title Year Author(s) Access

Recreational Hunting, Conservation and Rural Livelihoods: Science and Practice

2009 B. Dickson, J. Hutton & W. M. Adams (Editors)

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-16785-7

Rhino Poaching: A New Form Of Organised Crime

2012 M. Montesh www.unisa.ac.za/policepractice

IUCN SSC Guiding Principles on Trophy Hunting as a Tool for Creating Conservation Incentives

2012 IUCN SSC

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/who_we_are/about_the_species_survival_commission_/

Development of Trophy Hunting Among Previously Disadvantaged Farmers in Namibia

2013 G. Abbiati, J. Croteau, M. Samaroo & L. Mitchel

Worcester Polytechnic Inst.

Trophy hunting in Africa: long-term trends in antelope horn size

2013

W.-G. Crosmary, A. J. Loveridge, S. Lebel, H. Ndaimani, V. Booth, S. D. Côté & H. Fritz

Animal Conservation, The Zoological Society of London

Protection of wild fauna by national regulations for hunting activities

2013 F. Fainisi WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development Issue 2, Vol 9

Species inflation and taxonomic artefacts—A critical comment on recent trends in mammalian classification

2013

F. Zachos, J-C, Habele M. Apollonio, E. Bärmann, M. Festa-Bianchet, U. Göhlich, E. Haringa, S. Lovari, L. Kruckenhauser, C. Pertoldi, A. McDevitth, G. Rössner, M. Sánchez-Villagra, M. Scandura, F. Suchentrunk

Mammalian Biology 78 1–6

Taxonomic inflation and the poverty of the Phylogenetic Species Concept – a reply to Gippoliti and Groves

2013 F. Zachos & S. Lovari Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy ISSN 1825-5272 17th April 2013


http://www.unisa.ac.za/policepractice









Application of the Anthropogenic Allee Effect Model to Trophy Hunting as a Conservation Tool

2013 R. B. Harris, R. Cooney, & N. Leader-Williams

Conservation Biology, Volume 00, No. 0, 1–7

Does trophy hunting matter to long-term population trends in African herbivores of different dietary guilds?

2014 W.-G. Crosmary, S. D. Côté & H. Fritz

Animal Conservation (2014) The Zoological Society of London

The Case for a Legal Ivory Trade: It Could Help Stop the Slaughter

2014 J F Walker

http://e360.yale.edu/feature/point_the_case_for_a_legal_ivory_trade_it_could_help_stop_the_slaughter/2814/

The Essence of Hunting 2014 Rob Breeding http://flatheadbeacon.com/2014/11/26/essence-hunting/

Underperformance of African Protected Area Networks and the Case for New Conservation Models: Insights from Zambia

2014

P. Lindsey, V. Nyirenda, J. Barnes, M. Becker, R. McRobb, W. Taylor, C. Tambling, F. Watson, M. t’Sas-Rolfes

PLOS ONE www.plosone.org Vol. 9 Issue 5 e94109

Overcoming barriers to understanding the biodiversity contribution of private ranchlands

2014 H. T. Davies-Mostert Animal Conservation 17 (2014) 399–400 The Zoological Society of London

EU 2014 Inputs for the design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa Vol 1 Synthesis

2014 European Union

http://capacity4dev.ec.europa.eu/b4life/minisite/biodiversity-life-b4life/wildlife-crisis/african-wildlife-conservation-strategy

EU 2014 Inputs for the design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa Vol 2 Southern Africa

2014 European Union

EU 2014 Inputs for the design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa Vol 3 Eastern Africa

2014 European Union

EU 2014 Inputs for the design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa Vol 4 Central Africa

2014 European Union

EU 2014 Inputs for the design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa Vol 5 Western Africa

2014 European Union

EU 2014 Inputs for the design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa Vol 6 Additional sections - Rhino, Elephants, Trade, Migratory Birds, Madagascar

2014 European Union

European Code of Conduct on Hunting and Invasive Alien Species

2014 A. Monaco, P. Genovesi & A. Middleton

Convention On The Conservation Of European Wildlife And Natural Habitats






http://flatheadbeacon.com/2014/11/26/essence-hunting/

http://flatheadbeacon.com/2014/11/26/essence-hunting/

http://www.plosone.org/









Overcoming barriers to understanding the biodiversity contribution of private ranchlands

2014 H. T. Davies-Mostert Animal Conservation 17 (2014) 399–400 The Zoological Society of London

Summary Of The 11th Of The Conference Of The Parties To The Convention On The Conservation Of Migratory Species Of Wild Animals

2014

Kate Harris, Kate Louw, Tanya Rosen, Asterios Tsioumanis, Ph.D., and Catherine Wahlén

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Vol. 18 No. 59

Environmental insecurity and fortress Mentality

2014 Rob White International Affairs 90: 4 (2014) 835–851

Illegal Trade in Ivory and Rhino Horn: An Assessment to Improve Law Enforcement under the Wildlife Traps Project

2014 T. Milliken TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK

The Arusha Declaration on Regional Conservation and Combating Wildlife/Environmental Crime

2014

Governments of Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia

Proceedings of Regional Summit to Stop Wildlife Crime and Advance Wildlife Conservation on November 7th and 8th, 2014 in Arusha

The complex policy issue of elephant ivory stockpile management

2014 M. ’t Sas-Rolfes, B. Moyle & D. Stiles

Pachyderm No. 55 January–June 2014

Identification of Policies for a Sustainable Legal Trade in Rhinoceros Horn Based on Population Projection and Socioeconomic Models

2014

E. Di Minin, J. Laitila, F. Montesino-Pouzols, N. Leader-Williams, R. Slotow, P. Goodman, A. Conway & A. Moilanen

Conservation Biology, Volume 00, No. 0, 1–11

Rhinofication of SA security politics 2014 J. Humphries & I. R. Smith International Affairs 90: 4, 2014

The Viability of Legalizing Trade in Rhino Horn in South Africa

2014

A. Taylor, K. Brebner, R. Coetzee, H. Davies-Mostert, P. Lindsey, J. Shaw, M. ‘t Sas-Rolfes

South African Department of Environmental Affairs www.environment.gov.za

Environmental insecurity and fortress mentality

2014 R. White International Affairs 90: 4 (2014) 835–851

Guidelines on Methods and Procedures for Ivory Sampling and Laboratory Analysis

2014 United Nations

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Laboratory and Scientific Section (LSS) and the Global Programme for Combating Wildlife and Forest Crime, Sustainable Livelihoods Unit (GPWLFC, SLU)

Proceedings of the CAMPFIRE stakeholders’ workshop: Towards the development of a new Elephant Management Plan and Policy

2014 E. Gandiwa, C. Jonga & O. Mufute (Editors)

Harare, Zimbabwe, 17–18 November 2014 [email protected]


http://www.environment.gov.za/






Elephant ivory trade in China: Trends and drivers

2014 Y. Gao & S. G. Clark Biological Conservation 180 (2014) 23–30

Factsheet: Sustainable Wildlife Management and Biodiversity

2014 Collaborative Partnership on Sustainable Wildlife Management

www.fao.org/forestry/wildlife-partnership

Population Dynamics of Large Herbivores and the Framing of Wildlife Conservation in Zimbabwe

2014 E. Gandiwa

Open Journal of Ecology, 4, 411-420 http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje

APE: A Data-Driven, Behavioral Model Based Anti-Poaching Engine

2014 N. Park, E. Serra, T. Snitch & V.S. Subrahmanian

Interested readers can also contact Gerhard Damm [email protected] for electronic copies of these papers.

African Indaba eNewsletter

The official CIC Newsletter on African wildlife and conservation. The publication, free electronic dissemination and global distribution are funded by the International Council for Game and Wildlife

Conservation - CIC Headquarters, H-2092 Budakeszi, P.O. Box 82, Hungary. Email: [email protected] Publisher: Gerhard R. Damm. Postal Address: PO Box 411, Rivonia 2128, South Africa, Phone +27-(0)11-883-

2299. Email: [email protected] Web: www.africanindaba.com. Editors: Rolf D. Baldus (Germany), Vernon Booth (Zimbabwe), Gerhard R. Damm (South Africa), Ali Kaka (Kenya). Webmaster: Aliz Ertler (CIC

International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation) [email protected] Opinions expressed in African Indaba are not necessarily those of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation CIC, the publisher and editors. Whilst every care is taken in the preparation of this

newsletter, the CIC, publisher and editors cannot accept any responsibility for errors. African Indaba eNewsletter is published every two months as a free service. Please share it with others who

may be interested. Archived copies of previous issues of African Indaba are available from our website. www.africanindaba.com/previous-issues.


http://www.fao.org/forestry/wildlife-partnership

http://www.fao.org/forestry/wildlife-partnership

http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje

http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje




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African Indaba Volume 13-01