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AFRICA IN THE MIDDLE AGES A brief overview

Africa in the Middle Ages

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Africa in the Middle Ages. A brief overview. Bantu Migrations. A huge group of people lived in west Africa 3,000 years ago. Because of the need for more land & pressure from war, they began to spread southwards into Africa. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Africa in the Middle Ages

AFRICA IN THE

MIDDLE AGESA brief overview

Page 2: Africa in the Middle Ages

BANTU MIGRATIONS A huge group of people lived in west Africa 3,000 years ago. Because of the need for more land & pressure from war, they began to spread southwards into

Africa. Many settled in the Congo river basin, others west further south for open pastures. This was the largest migration in Africa & changed the make-up of the continent.

Page 3: Africa in the Middle Ages

CULTURE Animism: traditional African belief that everything in nature has a good or bad spirit. This is why many

cultures there wear masks in ceremonies & rituals. Christianity: Minority religion in North Africa after Arabic conquest. Islam: Arabic conquest of North Africa & trade with sub-Sahara Africa led many to convert to Islam. Drums were a part of most African music. Stories were passed down orally, from generation to generation.

Page 4: Africa in the Middle Ages

RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES Each region varied. Husbands were in charge of the household. There was either a King or tribal leaders who ruled. No democracies or

republics.

Page 5: Africa in the Middle Ages

JOBS & TRADE Most people in Africa, no matter where you lived, were farmers & ranchers. Caravan: people travel on foot with as many as 10,000 camels that carried the supplies.

This was called a camel train. At the southern edge of the Sahara, goods were transferred to humans or donkeys to travel further south.

Niger River: in west Africa. Used to navigate & irrigate crops.

Page 6: Africa in the Middle Ages

TRADE Almost all trade happened on the coast or near a river, except for theSahara, where people traveled from oasis to oasis. India had spices & cotton; China had silk. Common trade languages: Arabic in the north & Swahili in the east.

Page 7: Africa in the Middle Ages

EAST AFRICA They exported coffee, slaves, ivory & cloves. The island of Zanzibar, off the coast of East Africa, is where Swahili was first

spoken. Swahili became the language of trade for East Africa. They used this language

to trade with people along the coast of Africa & across the Indian Ocean to India & later, even China. It’s the # 1 language spoken in East Africa today.

Page 8: Africa in the Middle Ages

NORTH AFRICA Many lived a nomadic lifestyle, traveling from oasis to oasis. They had salt (to preserve food) & horses. They exported salt, copper & horses. North Africa would use the gold to trade with Europe & west Asia. Mostly Muslims today.

Page 9: Africa in the Middle Ages

WEST AFRICA They exported gold, ivory, ebony (a dense wood) & slaves (this is eventually where the US

got most of her slaves). Became Muslims after trade brought the religion of Islam. Today, there’s a mix of Christian,

Islam & traditional religions. They were skilled metallurgists.

Page 10: Africa in the Middle Ages

MALI Mansa Musa: very wealthy king who went on a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca in the 14th

century. Brought so much gold & servants with him, he increased awareness of sub-Saharan Africa in Europe & north Africa. He may have been the richest man ever (net worth ≈ $400 billion).

Timbuktu: major city of Mali. Center of trans-African trade. Became a center of Islamic worship, learning & writing. It was on the banks of the Niger River.

Page 11: Africa in the Middle Ages

GHANA The north had salt. The south had gold. Ghana was in the middle. Ghana handled the

trades. This is where the nickname “the Gold Coast” comes from. Artists made colorful fabrics for personal use & trade. Foods: yams, beans, rice, onions, millet, papaya, gourds, cattle, sheep, goats, poultry,

cotton & peanuts.

Page 12: Africa in the Middle Ages

THE KING OF GHANA1. He charged a tax on all people entering & leaving Ghana.2. He guaranteed free trade.3. He built a 2nd city for trade to protect the capital.

Page 13: Africa in the Middle Ages

SONGHAI KINGDOM Conquered older kingdoms of Ghana & Mali

in the 15th century. Controlled the salt mines in the north & the

gold mines in the south. Traded gold, salt & slaves with Europe &

other parts of Africa. Sonni Ali the Great: King who greatly

expanded Songhai’s territory.

Page 14: Africa in the Middle Ages

SOUTHERN AFRICA Great Zimbabwe (stone building): lost city built by the Shona people. Existed from the 11th – 15th centuries. We’re not sure who these people even were or why their kingdom declined! Farming & grazing were common because of open plains.

Page 15: Africa in the Middle Ages

AFRICAN LANGUAGES There are between 2,000 – 3,000 languages spoken in African, with possibly as many as 8,000

dialects. African languages are divided into five major language families: Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Kordofanian, Khoi-San & Austronesian.

Nigeria alone has over 500 languages. Only a few are used at the national level, including English & French, which aren’t native African

languages.

Page 16: Africa in the Middle Ages

ENGLISH WORDS OF AFRICAN ORIGIN

Swahili jamboree jumbo Kwanzaa

West Africa• banana• bongo• chigger• cola• jazz• voodoo• yam

Bantu• banjo• chimpanzee• funk• zebra• zombie

Page 17: Africa in the Middle Ages

AFRICA IN THE

MIDDLE AGESA brief overview

Page 18: Africa in the Middle Ages

BANTU MIGRATIONS A huge of people lived in west Africa years ago. Because of the need for more & pressure from war, they began to southwards into Africa. Many settled in the river basin, others west further for open pastures. This was the largest in Africa & changed the make-up of the continent.

Page 19: Africa in the Middle Ages

CULTURE : traditional African belief that everything in nature has a good or bad

spirit. This is why many cultures there wear masks in ceremonies & rituals. Christianity: religion in Africa after Arabic conquest. Islam: Arabic of North Africa & trade with sub-Sahara Africa led many to to Islam. were a part of most music. were passed down , from generation to generation.

Page 20: Africa in the Middle Ages

RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES Each region . were in charge of the

. There was either a or

leaders who ruled. democracies or republics.

Page 21: Africa in the Middle Ages

JOBS & TRADE Most people in Africa, no matter where you lived, were &

. : people travel on foot with as many as 10,000

that carried the . This was called a camel train. At the southern edge of the Sahara, goods were transferred to humans or donkeys to travel further south.

River: in Africa. Used to navigate & irrigate crops.

Page 22: Africa in the Middle Ages

TRADE Almost all trade happened on the or near a ,

except for the , where people traveled from to oasis.

India had & ; China had . Common trade languages: in the north & in

the east.

Page 23: Africa in the Middle Ages

EAST AFRICA They exported , slaves, & cloves. The island of , off the coast of East Africa, is where Swahili was first

spoken. Swahili became the language of for East Africa. They used this

language to trade with people along the coast of Africa & across the Indian Ocean to India & later, even China. It’s the # language spoken in

Africa today.

Page 24: Africa in the Middle Ages

NORTH AFRICA Many lived a lifestyle, traveling from oasis to oasis. They had (to preserve food) & . They salt, copper & horses. North Africa would use the gold to trade with & west

. Mostly today.

Page 25: Africa in the Middle Ages

WEST AFRICA They exported , ivory, (a dense

wood) & slaves (this is eventually where the got most of her slaves). Became Muslims after brought the religion of Islam. Today,

there’s a of Christian, Islam & traditional religions.

They were skilled .

Page 26: Africa in the Middle Ages

MALI : very wealthy king who went on a

(pilgrimage) to in the 14th century. Brought so much gold & servants with him, he increased awareness of sub-Saharan Africa in Europe & north Africa. He may have been the richest man ever (net worth ≈ $ billion).

: major city of . of trans-African trade. Became a center of Islamic worship, & writing. It was on the banks of the Niger River.

Page 27: Africa in the Middle Ages

GHANA The north had salt. The south had gold. Ghana was in the .

Ghana handled the . This is where the nickname “the Coast” comes from.

Artists made colorful for personal use & trade. Foods: , beans, rice, onions, millet, , gourds, cattle, sheep, , poultry, cotton & .

Page 28: Africa in the Middle Ages

THE KING OF GHANA1. He charged a on all people entering & leaving

.2. He guaranteed trade.3. He built a 2nd city for trade to the capital.

Page 29: Africa in the Middle Ages

SONGHAI KINGDOM Conquered

kingdoms of Ghana & Mali in the th century.

Controlled the mines in the north & the mines in the south.

Traded gold, salt & slaves with Europe & other parts of Africa.

Ali the Great: King who greatly expanded Songhai’s territory.

Page 30: Africa in the Middle Ages

SOUTHERN AFRICA Great (stone building): lost city built by the Shona people. Existed from the 11th – 15th . We’re not sure who these people even were or why their kingdom

! Farming & grazing were common because of open

.

Page 31: Africa in the Middle Ages

AFRICAN LANGUAGES There are between languages spoken in African, with possibly as many as

8,000 dialects. African languages are divided into major language :

Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Kordofanian, Khoi-San & Austronesian. alone has over languages. Only a are used at the national level, including English & French, which aren’t native

African languages.

Page 32: Africa in the Middle Ages

ENGLISH WORDS OF AFRICAN ORIGIN

Swahili

West Africa•••••••

Bantu•••••