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Africa in the Middle Ages. A brief overview. Bantu Migrations. A huge group of people lived in west Africa 3,000 years ago. Because of the need for more land & pressure from war, they began to spread southwards into Africa. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AFRICA IN THE
MIDDLE AGESA brief overview
BANTU MIGRATIONS A huge group of people lived in west Africa 3,000 years ago. Because of the need for more land & pressure from war, they began to spread southwards into
Africa. Many settled in the Congo river basin, others west further south for open pastures. This was the largest migration in Africa & changed the make-up of the continent.
CULTURE Animism: traditional African belief that everything in nature has a good or bad spirit. This is why many
cultures there wear masks in ceremonies & rituals. Christianity: Minority religion in North Africa after Arabic conquest. Islam: Arabic conquest of North Africa & trade with sub-Sahara Africa led many to convert to Islam. Drums were a part of most African music. Stories were passed down orally, from generation to generation.
RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES Each region varied. Husbands were in charge of the household. There was either a King or tribal leaders who ruled. No democracies or
republics.
JOBS & TRADE Most people in Africa, no matter where you lived, were farmers & ranchers. Caravan: people travel on foot with as many as 10,000 camels that carried the supplies.
This was called a camel train. At the southern edge of the Sahara, goods were transferred to humans or donkeys to travel further south.
Niger River: in west Africa. Used to navigate & irrigate crops.
TRADE Almost all trade happened on the coast or near a river, except for theSahara, where people traveled from oasis to oasis. India had spices & cotton; China had silk. Common trade languages: Arabic in the north & Swahili in the east.
EAST AFRICA They exported coffee, slaves, ivory & cloves. The island of Zanzibar, off the coast of East Africa, is where Swahili was first
spoken. Swahili became the language of trade for East Africa. They used this language
to trade with people along the coast of Africa & across the Indian Ocean to India & later, even China. It’s the # 1 language spoken in East Africa today.
NORTH AFRICA Many lived a nomadic lifestyle, traveling from oasis to oasis. They had salt (to preserve food) & horses. They exported salt, copper & horses. North Africa would use the gold to trade with Europe & west Asia. Mostly Muslims today.
WEST AFRICA They exported gold, ivory, ebony (a dense wood) & slaves (this is eventually where the US
got most of her slaves). Became Muslims after trade brought the religion of Islam. Today, there’s a mix of Christian,
Islam & traditional religions. They were skilled metallurgists.
MALI Mansa Musa: very wealthy king who went on a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca in the 14th
century. Brought so much gold & servants with him, he increased awareness of sub-Saharan Africa in Europe & north Africa. He may have been the richest man ever (net worth ≈ $400 billion).
Timbuktu: major city of Mali. Center of trans-African trade. Became a center of Islamic worship, learning & writing. It was on the banks of the Niger River.
GHANA The north had salt. The south had gold. Ghana was in the middle. Ghana handled the
trades. This is where the nickname “the Gold Coast” comes from. Artists made colorful fabrics for personal use & trade. Foods: yams, beans, rice, onions, millet, papaya, gourds, cattle, sheep, goats, poultry,
cotton & peanuts.
THE KING OF GHANA1. He charged a tax on all people entering & leaving Ghana.2. He guaranteed free trade.3. He built a 2nd city for trade to protect the capital.
SONGHAI KINGDOM Conquered older kingdoms of Ghana & Mali
in the 15th century. Controlled the salt mines in the north & the
gold mines in the south. Traded gold, salt & slaves with Europe &
other parts of Africa. Sonni Ali the Great: King who greatly
expanded Songhai’s territory.
SOUTHERN AFRICA Great Zimbabwe (stone building): lost city built by the Shona people. Existed from the 11th – 15th centuries. We’re not sure who these people even were or why their kingdom declined! Farming & grazing were common because of open plains.
AFRICAN LANGUAGES There are between 2,000 – 3,000 languages spoken in African, with possibly as many as 8,000
dialects. African languages are divided into five major language families: Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Kordofanian, Khoi-San & Austronesian.
Nigeria alone has over 500 languages. Only a few are used at the national level, including English & French, which aren’t native African
languages.
ENGLISH WORDS OF AFRICAN ORIGIN
Swahili jamboree jumbo Kwanzaa
West Africa• banana• bongo• chigger• cola• jazz• voodoo• yam
Bantu• banjo• chimpanzee• funk• zebra• zombie
AFRICA IN THE
MIDDLE AGESA brief overview
BANTU MIGRATIONS A huge of people lived in west Africa years ago. Because of the need for more & pressure from war, they began to southwards into Africa. Many settled in the river basin, others west further for open pastures. This was the largest in Africa & changed the make-up of the continent.
CULTURE : traditional African belief that everything in nature has a good or bad
spirit. This is why many cultures there wear masks in ceremonies & rituals. Christianity: religion in Africa after Arabic conquest. Islam: Arabic of North Africa & trade with sub-Sahara Africa led many to to Islam. were a part of most music. were passed down , from generation to generation.
RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES Each region . were in charge of the
. There was either a or
leaders who ruled. democracies or republics.
JOBS & TRADE Most people in Africa, no matter where you lived, were &
. : people travel on foot with as many as 10,000
that carried the . This was called a camel train. At the southern edge of the Sahara, goods were transferred to humans or donkeys to travel further south.
River: in Africa. Used to navigate & irrigate crops.
TRADE Almost all trade happened on the or near a ,
except for the , where people traveled from to oasis.
India had & ; China had . Common trade languages: in the north & in
the east.
EAST AFRICA They exported , slaves, & cloves. The island of , off the coast of East Africa, is where Swahili was first
spoken. Swahili became the language of for East Africa. They used this
language to trade with people along the coast of Africa & across the Indian Ocean to India & later, even China. It’s the # language spoken in
Africa today.
NORTH AFRICA Many lived a lifestyle, traveling from oasis to oasis. They had (to preserve food) & . They salt, copper & horses. North Africa would use the gold to trade with & west
. Mostly today.
WEST AFRICA They exported , ivory, (a dense
wood) & slaves (this is eventually where the got most of her slaves). Became Muslims after brought the religion of Islam. Today,
there’s a of Christian, Islam & traditional religions.
They were skilled .
MALI : very wealthy king who went on a
(pilgrimage) to in the 14th century. Brought so much gold & servants with him, he increased awareness of sub-Saharan Africa in Europe & north Africa. He may have been the richest man ever (net worth ≈ $ billion).
: major city of . of trans-African trade. Became a center of Islamic worship, & writing. It was on the banks of the Niger River.
GHANA The north had salt. The south had gold. Ghana was in the .
Ghana handled the . This is where the nickname “the Coast” comes from.
Artists made colorful for personal use & trade. Foods: , beans, rice, onions, millet, , gourds, cattle, sheep, , poultry, cotton & .
THE KING OF GHANA1. He charged a on all people entering & leaving
.2. He guaranteed trade.3. He built a 2nd city for trade to the capital.
SONGHAI KINGDOM Conquered
kingdoms of Ghana & Mali in the th century.
Controlled the mines in the north & the mines in the south.
Traded gold, salt & slaves with Europe & other parts of Africa.
Ali the Great: King who greatly expanded Songhai’s territory.
SOUTHERN AFRICA Great (stone building): lost city built by the Shona people. Existed from the 11th – 15th . We’re not sure who these people even were or why their kingdom
! Farming & grazing were common because of open
.
AFRICAN LANGUAGES There are between languages spoken in African, with possibly as many as
8,000 dialects. African languages are divided into major language :
Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Kordofanian, Khoi-San & Austronesian. alone has over languages. Only a are used at the national level, including English & French, which aren’t native
African languages.
ENGLISH WORDS OF AFRICAN ORIGIN
Swahili
West Africa•••••••
Bantu•••••