AFM Keywords

7/31/2019 AFM Keywords

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Unit-1

1. Describe The objectives and importance of accounting

1. Definition of accounting

2. Objectives of accounting.

3. Trading and P&L accounts

4. Balance sheet

5. 1. To ascertain business operation

6. 2. To determine The financial position of The business

7. 3. To generate information from accounting record

8. Importance of accounting

9. 1. The owners of a business furnish capital

10. 2. Creditors

11. 3. Investors

12. 4. Employees

13. 5. Government

14. 6. Public

15. 7. Research scholar

16. 8. Manager

17. Functions of financial accounting

18. 1. Book keeping function

19. 2. Classification of information

20. 3. Preparation of financial accounting

21. 4. Segregating financial transactions

22. 5. Interpretation of financial data


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23. 6. Reporting of information

24. 7. Providing accurate information

25. 8. Providing reliable information

2. Explain The scope of management accounting

1. Definition of management accounting

2. Definition of cost accounting

3. Characteristic of management accounting

4. 1. Providing financial information.

5. 2. Cause and effect analysis

6. 3. Use of special techniques and concepts

7. 4. Decision making

8. 5. No fixed convention

9. 6. Achievement of objectives

10. 7. Improving efficiency

11. 8. Forecasting

12. 9. Providing of information not for decision

13. Scope of management accounting

14. 1. Financial accounting

15. 2. Cost accounting

16. 3. Budgeting and forecasting

17. 4. Inventory control

18. 5. Statistical analysis

19. 6. Analysis of data

20. 7. Internal audit

21. 8. Methods and procedures


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22. Merits of management accounting

23. Demerits of management accounting

24. 1. Weakness of source record

25. 2. Mixed discipline

3. What is GAAP? Explain The criteria of accounting principles ?

1. Definition of GAAP

2. Accounting concepts

3. 1. Business Entity concept

4. 2. Dual aspect concept

5. 3. Going concern concept

6. 4. Accounting period concept

7. 5. Money measurement concept

8. 6. Historical Cost concept

9. 7. Revenue recognition concept

10.8. Periodic matching of cost and revenue concept

11.9. Verifiable objective evidence concept

12.10. Accrual concept

13. Accounting conventions

14.1. Convention of disclosure

15.2. Convention of disclosure

16.3. Convention of consistency

17.4. Convention of conservatism

18. Accounting Standards

19. 1 Significance of Accounting Standards

20. 2 Advantages of setting Accounting Standards


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21. 3 Criticisms against setting of Accounting Standards

22.4 Back ground for The development of Accounting Standards

23.5 Function and scope of The Accounting Standards Board

24.6 The various Accounting Standards existing in India include

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4. Explain The inflation accounting?

1. Definition of inflation accounting

2. Different methods of inflation accounting

3. 1. Current purchase power method

4. 2. Current cost accounting method

5. 3. Hybrid method

6. Steps for preparing financial statements under CPP method

7. 1. Determining The conversion

8. 2. Mid period conversion

9. 3. Gain or loss on monetary items

10. Calculation of gain or loss on monetary items

11. Methods of computing general price level gain or loss

12. 1. Conversion factor for opening item

13.2. Conversion factor for change in item during The year

14. 3. First in first out

15. 4. Last in first out

16. 5. Conversion method or restatement of income method

17.6. Net change method

18. 7. Current cost accounting method

19. Characteristics of current cost accounting


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20. Preparation of financial statement

21. Preparation of income statement

22. 1. Cost of sales adjustment

23. 2. Depreciation adjustment account

24. 3. Monetary working capital adjustment

25. 4. Gearing adjustment

5. Discuss The concept of human resource accounting. Explain its importance in present

context?

1. Definition of human resource accounting

2. Assumptions of human resource accounting

3. 1. Removes The bottlenecks of conventional accounting

4. 2. Financial and physical in nature

5. 3. HR is treated as asset

6. 4. HR is easily identified

7. 5. Useful for management for decision making

8. Objectives of HRA

9. 1. Making decision at The investors and managers level

10.2. Evidence The return on human investment

11.3. To report The worth of human resources to The orgn and society

12. Method of valuation

13.1. Economic value approach

14. 2. Historic cost method

15. 3. Earning method

16. Advantages of HRA

17.1. Establishes The quantitative information


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18. 2. Absenteeism of labor could be easily assessed

19.3. Illustrate The requirement of human capital

20.4. Guide to know The attitude of The human resource

21. 5. To develop new strategy to correct

22. Limitations of HRA

23. 1. HR cannot be legally owned

24.2.HR cannot be s n as asset at par

25.3.HRA requires attention towards The existing wage and salary system

Unit-2

1. Explain clearly about various types of companies?

1. Definition of company

2. The characteristics of The company

3. Voluntary association of person

4. Separate legal entity

5. Definition of common seal

6. Perpetual succession

7. Limited company

8. Statutory books

9. The main statutory books

10. Book of account

11. Long term source of finance

12. Types of long term source of finance

13. Issue of shares

14. Types of companies/

15. Statutory company


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16. Registered company

17. Company limited by shares

18. Company limited by guarantee

19. Private company

20. The characteristics of private company

21. Foreign company

22. The characteristics of public company

23. Government Company

24. Holding company

25. Subsidiary company

2. What is share capital? Explain The types of share capital?

1. Share capital

2. Classification of shares

3. Equity share

4. Preference shares

5. Deferred share

6. Types of preference shares

7. Participating preference share

8. Non participating preference share

9. Cumulative preference share

10. Non cumulative preference share

11. Redeemable preference share

12. Irredeemable preference share

13. Advantages of Deferred share

14. Types of share capital


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15. Authorized share capital

16. Issued share capital

17. Subscribed share capital

18. Called-up share capital

19. Paid up share capital

20. Partly paid up capital

21. Prospectus

22. The stages for collecting share capital

23. Allotment

24. Share call

25. Calls-in-arrears

3. Give an imaginary form of balance sheet appropriate account of a limited company?

1. The objective of financial statement

2. The financial statements requirements and contents

3. The legal frame work for financial statement

4. True and Fair view

5. Balance sheet

6. Horizontal balance sheet

7. The adjustment for share capital in balance sheet

8. Reserves and surplus

9. Capital reserve

10. Revenue reserve

11. Free reserve

12. Specific reserve

13. Secured loan


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14. Partly secured

15. Unsecured loan

16. Current liabilities

17. Contingent liability

18. Fixed assets

19. Investment

20. List items in The current assets

21.Sundry debtors

22.Different between current asset and current liabilities

23.Miscellaneous expenditure

24.The adjustment for provision of bad debts

25.The journal entry for drawing from capital

4. Give an imaginary form of profit and loss account appropriate account of a limited

company?

1. The basic information are required for preparing final accounts

2. Profit and loss account

3. The requirements as to profit and loss account

4. Content of The profit and loss account

5. The vertical form of profit and loss account

6. Some common points for preparing financial statements

7. Some important point for preparing financial statements

8. Some adjustment in P&L A/C

9. Deferred tax

10.Deferred tax assets

11.Deferred liabilities


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12. Permanent difference

13. Timing difference

14. Managerial remuneration

15. The remuneration when profits are inadequate

16. Remuneration to directors classified

17. An executive director

18. Non executive director

19. Credit disallowed

20.List some of The admissible expenses

21.List some of The inadmissible expenses

22.The format for calculating admissible profits

23. Definition of dividend

24. The sources for payment of dividend

25. Capital profit

5. Discuss briefly about The types of dividend?

1. Declaration of dividend from out of accumulated reserves

2. Depreciation

3. Depreciation can be calculated

4. Types of calculating depreciation

5. Straight line method of depreciation

6. Written down method of depreciation

7. The rule for arrear of depreciation

8. Past losses

9. Types of dividend

10. Interim dividend


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11. Final dividend

12. Scrip dividend

13. About unpaid dividend account

14. The payment of interest out of capital

15. Bonus shares

16. Advantages of bonus shares

17. Advantage of bonus share in company point of view

18. Advantage of bonus share in shareholders point of view

19. Guidelines for bonus issue

20. Changing in The guideline of bonus shares

21. The journal entry for bonus share in P&L A/c

22. The journal entry for bonus share in share capital A/c

23. The journal entry for bonus share in share call A/c

24. Alteration of share capital

25. Consolidating of share capital

Unit-3

1. Explain The various methods of classification of ratios

1. Methods Of Classification Of Ratios

2. The ratios can be classified according to accounting statement

3. Balance sheet ratio

4. P&l a/c ratio

5. Inter-statement ratios

6. The ratios can be classified according to time

7. Structural ratio


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8. Trend ratio

9. The ratios can be classified according to importance

10. Primary ratio

11. Secondary ratio

12. The ratios can be classified according to test satisfied

13. The ratios can be classified according to nature

14. Meant by liquidity ratio

15. Turnover ratio

16. Profitability Ratio

17. The significance of liquidity ratios

18. Current ratio

19. The components of current asset

20. General guidelines of current asset ratio

21. The components of liquid ratio

22. General guidelines of liquid ratio

23. Net profit ratio

24. General guidelines of net profit ratio

25. The components of net profit ratio

2. detail about The turnover ratio and solvency ratio

1. Inventory turnover or stock turnover ratio

2. The formula for inventory turnover ratio

3. debtor turnover ratio

4. The formula for debtor turnover ratio

5. Working capital


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6. Creditors turnover ratio

7. The formula for creditors turnover ratio

8. Working capital turnover ratio

9. The formula for working capital turnover ratio

10. Fixed asset turnover ratio

11. The formula for fixed asset turnover ratio

12. Capital turnover ratio

13. The formula for capital turnover ratio

14. Solvency ratio

15. The standard expected in current ratio

16. Liquid ratio

17. The standard expected in liquid ratio

18. The formula for liquid ratio

19. Absolute ratio

20. The formula for absolute ratio

21. Debt equity ratio

22. The formula for debt equity ratio

23. Propriety ratio

24. The formula for propriety ratio

25. Capital gearing ratio

3. Explain The procedure for preparing cash flow statement

1. Cash flow statement

2. The scope of cash flow statement

3. Benefits of cash flow statement


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4. The limitations of cash flow statement

5. The steps for preparation of cash flow statement

6. The source of cash

7. Cash from operations

8. Compute of cash from operations

9. Compute of funds from operations

10.The items are reduced from The funds from operations

11. The calculation of cash from operations

12. The formula for credit sales and debtors on cash flow

13. The formula for credit purchase and credit on cash flow

14. The formula for unsold goods in stock on cash flow/

15. The formula for outstanding expenses on cash flow

16. The formula for income received in advance on cash flow

17. The formula for prepaid expenses on cash flow

18. The formula for accrued incomes on cash flow

19. External sources of cash

20. The fresh issue of shares

21. Issues of debentures or binds

22.The companies go for long term borrowing

23. The applications of cash

24.Redemption of debentures and preference share

25. Cash outflow

4. Bring out The managerial benefits of funds flow statement

1. Funds Flow Statement

2. Gross Working Capital


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3. Net Working Capital

4. The balance sheet classified

5. The non-current liabilities

6. Non-current asset

7. Items Comes Under Non-Current Liabilities

8. Items comes under non-current assets

9. Goodwill

10. Suspense A/c

11. Patent right

12. The objectives of funds flow statement

13. The benefits of funds flow statement

14. Transactions that will not affect The floe of funds

15. The guidelines for transaction analysis

16. The significance of funds flow statement

17. The limitations of funds flow statement

18. The guidelines for preparation of funds flow statement

19. The funds from operation

20. Non-trading incomes

21. Non-trading gains

22. The external sources of funds

23. The applications of funds

24. The issue of long term investments

25. The treatment of provision for taxation

5. Describe The importance of financial statement analysis


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1. Financial statement

2. Profit and loss accounts statement

3. Surplus statement

4. Supplementary schedules

5. Balance sheet

6. The nature of financial statements

7. The postulates

8. Personal judgmental

9. The functions of financial

10. The merits for management from financial statements

11. Financier

12. Limitations of financial statements

13. The techniques of analysis and interpretation

14. Comparative statement analysis

15. Common size statement

16. The limitations of financial statement analysis

17. The networking capital analysis

18. Trend analysis

19. The Merits of trend analysis

20. Comparative balance sheet

21. Comparative income statement

22. External analysis

23.Difference between horizontal and vertical analysis

24. Horizontal balance sheet analysis

25. Vertical balance sheet analysis


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Unit-4

1. What are The basic elements of cost Explain The cost control measures around Them

1. Definition of cost

2. Definition of costing

3. Definition of cost accounting

4. Definition of cost accountancy

5. The objective of cost accounting

6. The merits of cost accounting

7. The functions of cost accountant

8. Definition of direct material

9. Definition of indirect material

10. Definition of direct laour

11. Definition of indirect labour

12. The direct expenses

13. Indirect expenses

14. The cost can be classified

15. Cost can be classified according to nature

16. Cost can be classified according to relevance to decision making

17. Cost can be classified according to controllability

18. Cost can be classified according to normality

19. Cost can be classified according to function

20. Semi-variable

21. Definition of fixed cost


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22. Definition of variable cost

23. Definition of semi-fixed cost

24. Definition of step cost

25. The system of costing

2. Explain The methods and techniques of costing

1. Methods of costing

2. Specific order costing

3. Definition of operating costing

4. Definition of job costing

5. Definition of contract costing

6. Definition of batch costing

7. Process costing

8. Advantages of operating costing

9. Definition of unit or output costing

10. Multiple costing

11. Historical costing

12. Standard costing

13. Marginal costing

14. Uniform costing

15. Definition of direct costing

16. Absorption costing

17. The characteristics of cost accounting

18. Prime cost

19. Work cost

20. Reduction cost


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21. Overheads

22. Production cost

23. Definition of Efficiency

24. Selling cost

25. Distribution cost

3. Explain The inventory valuation techniques

1. Inventory valuation

2. The objective of inventory valuation

3. To determine The trading profit

4. To determine The financial position using inventory valuation/

5. Methods of stocktaking

6. Periodic inventory

7. Perpetual inventory system

8. Historical cost

9. Valuation The inventory

10. Market price

11. Net realizable value method/

12. Replacement cost

13. Methods of determining The historical cost of inventories

14. FIFO method/

15. The merits of FIFO

16. The demerits of FIFO

17. LIFO

18. The merits of LIFO


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19. The demerits of LIFO

20. Weighted average price method/

21. The merits of weighted average price method

22. The demerits of weighted average price method

23. Base stock

24. Standard price method/

25. Zero base stock

4. Describe The various methods of joint product and by product

1. Definition of Joint product

2. Definition of by product

3. Difference between joint product and by-product

4. Accounting for joint product

5. Methods for joint product accounting

6. Physical units method of joint product accounting

7. Average unit cost method of joint product

8. The advantages of average unit cost

9. The disadvantage of average unit cost

10. The survey method of joint product accounting

11. The advantage of survey method/

12. The disadvantage of survey method

13. Standard cost method

14. Contribution margin method

15. Market value method in joint product method

16. The market value at The split-off point

17. The market value after furTher processing


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18. The market value less furTher processing costs

19. Net value method

20. Accounting for by-product

21. Non-costing method of by-product

22. Miscellaneous income method

23. Reverse cost method

24. The total cost less sales value of by-product

25. Cost methods of by-product

5. Explain The term variance? Mention the classification of variance

1. Variance analysis mean

2. The variance analysis can be classified

3. Material price variance

4. Material usage variance

5. The material revised usage variance

6. The material yield variance/

7. Material mix variance

8. Labour cost variance

9. Labour cost variance

10. Labour efficiency variance

11. Idle time variance

12. Labour mix variance

13. Variable overhead cost variance

14. Variable expenditure variance/

15. Variable overhead efficiency variance

16. Fixed overhead cost variance


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17. Fixed overhead expenditure variance

18. Fixed overhead volume variance

19. Sales value variance/

20. Sales value price variance/

21. Sales value volume variance

22. The sales value mix variance

23. The sales quantity variance

24. Sales margin price variance

25. Sales margin quantity variance mean

Unit-5

1. Explain The significance of computerized accounting system in detail

1. The accounting system

2. The process of accounting system

3. The information processes

4. Recording in information processes

5. Maintaining in information processes

6. Reporting in information processes

7. The salient features of computerized accounting

8. The fast, powerful, simple and integrated system/

9. Complete visibility

10. The computerized accounting is accuracy and speed

11.Computerized accounting is scalability

12. power of computerized accounting

13. The computerized accounting improved business performance

14. The computerized accounting is used for quick decision


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15. Computerized accounting is complete reliability

2. Discuss the limitations of a computer and computerized Accounting?1. Cost of Installation2. Cost of Training

3. Self Decision Making4. Maintenance5. Dangers for Health6. Role of computers in accounting7. prepare summary of transactions and financial statements8. example for computerised accounting9. computerised accounting uses the concept of databases10. commonly used accounting softwares11. the components of Computerised accounting software12. Preparation of accounting documents13. Give example for Preparation of accounting

documents14. Recording of transactions15. Give example for Recording of transactions16. Preparation of Trial Balance and Financial Statements17. Components of computerised accounting software

18. Computerised Accounting19. Transaction processing system20.Transaction processing system steps inprocessing a transaction21. Data Entry22. Data Validation23.Processing andRevalidation

24. Storage25. Information and Reporting

Documents

AFM Keywords