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Affective Disorders

Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

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Page 1: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Affective Disorders

Page 2: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Emotional States and The Limbic System

…recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Page 3: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Anxiety

• hyper-alert, resistant to change, context-dependent

Amygdala

HPA

Hippocampus

Cortisol

Page 4: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Depression• hypo-alert, ahedonia

Page 5: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Manic-Depressive (Bipolar)• waxes and wanes across months/years,

stress is normally a trigger

Robert Schumann’s productivity

Page 6: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Really? A chemical salt to treat bipolar disorder?

• Lithium – can replace Na++ as a generator of action

potentials– centrally decreases norephinephrine release

and enhances serotonin synthesis– efficacious in humans and in mice (see work

of CA McClung [PubMed])

Page 7: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Schizophrenia• severely out-of-touch with reality, delusions of

grandeur, auditory and visual hallucinations, and highly hereditable

Page 8: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

Hyperactivity in several brain areas Enlarged lateral ventricles

Increased Dopaminergic Tonus (Euphoria)

Page 9: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

The Amygdala

Page 10: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Classes of Affective Disorders and Diverse Brain Dysfunction

• Anxiety– phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive

compulsive disorder– Neuropathology: limbic system

• Psychosis– schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder– Neurobiology: dopaminergic system

• Depression– post-partum, manic-depressive– Neurobiology: serotoninergic and noadrenergic systems

Page 11: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Genetic Changes Due to Environmental Stressors (Epigenetics)

• affects DNA transcription and translation which can have a HUGE impact on neuron function

• How? adding of DNA methyl groups, preventing or enabling unwinding of DNA around chromatin, to name a few

• Hugely popular in psychiatric research

Page 12: Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley