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Development of Unmanned Vehicles (UMV’s) for Geo-Environmental Hazard Assessment
Presented By Max William Perlow – Pennoni Associates 1
[email protected] Joshua Wagner - Digioia Gray Associates 1
(1) University of Pittsburgh Geology Department Undergraduates And Interns at EKMLLC Engineering Knowledge Management LLC
AEG Annual Meeting – Pittsburgh PA – September 21-25, 2015
GeoBot-GeoCopter Development 2014-2015 Intern Project
2014 Interns: Max Perlow & Joshua Wagner, Undergraduates in the Geology Department, University of Pittsburgh
Objective: develop specifications for the next generation GeoBot UGV and companion GeoCopter UAV
Application: Geohazard Hazard Assessment, Mitigation, Emergency Response, and Failure Investigations.
The success of deploying low technology off-the-shelf sensors with a radio controlled truck led to the following
undergraduate intern project to develop an interchangeable suite of sensors that could be mounted on various unmanned
ground and aerial vehicle (UGV & UAV) platforms.
Geo-Environmental Hazard Assessment Requirements
A. EVALUATION OF SITE HISTORY & PAST ACTIVITY
B. EVALUATION OF ACTIVE ON-GOING FAILURES
C. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION
D. EARLY WARNING MONITORING
E. EVALUATION OF MANS ACTIVITIES
F. IMPACT OF EXTREME WEATHER
GeoBot Prototype Development A simple unmanned vehicle (UMV) prototype named GeoBot
was developed to aid the assessment and mitigation of sinkhole collapse and subsidence failures in 2013- 2014.
Geo-Bot Next Generation Interchangeable Sensor Universal Mount System
Like the NASA Mars Rovers that can be
Deployed on a variety of Un-Manned Ground &
Sea Vehicles such as the Clearpath Robotics RUV,
UGV’s and USV http://www.clearpathrobotics.com/robots/
Evolution
• 1909 • Wilbur Wright • und seine Flugmaschine First-
ever use of motion picture aerial photography as filmed from a heavier-than-air aircraft
Evolution
21st Century • Rise of the drones • Military vs Civilian • Popular Culture • Remote sensing capable
Geo-Copter Prototype
• Developed Autumn 2014
• Low-cost, off the shelf, multi-sensor platform capable UAV
• Intended uses • Assessment of geologic hazards • Monitoring of previous failures • Emergency response assessment of ongoing
failures • Near Surface Geophysical Surveys • Geologic/Geomorphic mapping • Photogrammetry
• Benefits over traditional methods • High temporal and spatial resolution • Low cost • Access to hard to reach and/or hazardous areas
Geo-Copter Prototype; Photogrammetry
• Science of making measurements from photographs
• Cost effective remote mean of mapping
• Allows/provides access to sites otherwise difficult to impossible to investigate conventionally
• Digital Terrain Model generation • Data used for geotechnical
stability and volumetric analysis
• Reduction in time required • Google Earth 3D
http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment/grad/tate/study/remote/TermProj.html
Geo-Copter Prototype; Photogrammetry
http://www.minesurveyor.net/photogrammetryimages/survey_photogrammetry%20(7).jpg
Geo-Copter Next Generation Interchangeable Sensor Mount
System that can be Deployed from Commercially Available UAV’s.
Use of Geo-Copters to Drop Off & Retrieve Remote Sensor Packs
GeoBot Case Studies
Storm Line Sinkhole Bethlehem, PA - 2013
• Sinkhole Cavity Evaluation
• Storm Line Condition • Monitoring Storm Line
during Low Mobility Grouting - Grout Migration into Pipe, Pipe Invert Elevation and Horizontal Alignment
Storm Arch Collapse Fountain Hill PA - 2014
• Sinkhole Cavity Evaluation
• Roof Drain Piping Inspection
• Arch Condition and Dimensions
• Monitoring of Flow Fill Placement
Unmanned Aerial Systems Case Studies
UAV-based remote sensing of the Super-Sauze landslide: Evaluation and results • Digital compact camera on mini quad-
rotor UAV
• Southern French Alps
• High-resolution ortho-mosaic of entire landslide and DTMs of several regions
• Horizontal displacements of 7-55 m between a high-res ortho-photo of May 2007 and a UAV-based ortho-mosaic of October 2008
• Conclusions: “…radio controlled low-cost UAVs can deliver high-resolution remote sensing data on landslides”
Use of UAVs for photogrammetric surveys in rockfall instability studies • UAV photogrammetry based on the use
of a drone helicopter
• Two rock slopes subject to frequent rockfalls (Italy)
• Stereographic projections comparing data from UAV-DTP and geological-engineering surveys show good general correspondence
• Conclusions: “Use of UAV is a good terrestrial photogrammetric procedure to reduce operating costs and speed up acquisition phases…powerful tool for rock slope stability analysis, discontinuity and slope geometry…”
Unmanned Aerial Systems Case Studies
Application of Thermography to Karst Hydrogeology and Natural Gas Exploration and Development • Use thermal imaging applied to
Oklahoma carbonate and shale outcrops to detect heat signatures from karst features and fractures
• Infrared thermograms of cavities and fractures correlated with known features on outcrop
• “This technique holds a promising application for aerial detection of new caves and fracture charazterization for hydrocarbon exploration”
Aerial infrared thermography in the surface waters contamination monitoring • Contamination monitoring by IR
thermography based on • Rendering of the IR raw data that produce
images with a visible augmentation of anomolies
• Illegal sanitary sewer and storm-drain connections, illicit discharges and other anomalies
• Plume of (contaminated) kiquid joining and flowing…visible in thermal IR spectrum due to difference in temperatures of two liquids
• Aerial platform
• Multi-Spectral data?