Adjective PP

7/29/2019 Adjective PP

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An adjective describesa noun or a pronoun.

An adjective answers:

What kind?

Which one?

How many?

Example:

happy dog

tired boy

seven girls


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Can you find theadjectives?

We saw the gray elephant at the zoo.

First find thenouns

Then ask, What words describe thenouns?WHAT KIND?WHICH ONE?HOW MANY?


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Can you find the adjectives?

The rabbit followed the slow turtle.

First find thenouns



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He found two pennies on the ground.

First find thenouns



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The brown dog growled at the tall man.

First find thenouns



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The children heard the loud bell.

First find thenouns



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There are seven main types ofadjectives. Here they are: Possessive

Adjectives

o Examples: My, your, his, her,its, our, their

o Example in a sentence: Theballerina spins on her toes.

o Her describes the wordtoes, telling us whose toesare being talked about.

Note that the possessivepronoun form mine is not usedto modify a noun or nounphrase.

DemonstrativeAdjectives

Examples: This, these,that, those, what

Example in a sentence:The sweaters are in thatdrawer.

That describes the word

drawer, telling us whichdrawer is being talkedabout


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Participle Adjectives Participles are verb forms acting as adjectives. Examples of participle

adjectives are bold-faced in the paragraph below to give a good idea of howthey are used.

He rememberedthe floating snow of blossoms. He knew the inchoatesharp excitement of hot dandelions in young earth; in July, of watermelonsbedded in sweet hay, inside a farmer's covered wagon; of cantaloupe andcrated peaches; and the scent of orange rind, bitter-sweet, before a fire ofcoals. He knew the good male smell of his father's sitting-room; of the smoothworn leather sofa, with the gaping horse-hair rent; of the blistered varnished

wood upon the hearth; of the heated calf-skin bindings; of the flat moist plugof apple tobacco, stuckwith a red flag; of wood-smoke and burnt leaves inOctober; of the brown tired autumn earth; of honey-suckle at night; of warmnasturtiums, of a clean ruddy farmer who comes weekly with printed


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Interrogative adjectives They are words used to

ask questions that

indicate the noun that is

being talked about.

It asks which or what.

Examples: which, what

Example in a sentence:

Which bike is yours?

Which describes the

word bike.


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Indefinite and a-adjectives

IndefiniteAdjectives

Usually answers the question,

how much? But it doesnt specify aparticular quantity (like four orthirteen).

Examples: Many, any, few, all,some, each, every

Example sentence: Many of

my friends have pets. Many describes friends,

letting us know approximatelyhow many of the friends havepets.

A-adjectives They start with an a and

describe nouns as normal.

The most common of these

are: ablaze, afloat, afraid,aghast, alert, alike, alive,alone, aloof, ashamed,asleep, averse, awake,aware

They usually show up aftera linking verb (like were,

was, am). They usually come afterthe

noun they describe.

Example sentence: I wasashamed.

Ashamed describes I

(myself) in this sentence.


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Adjectives of Degrees These adjectives

express the degrees ofmodification/comparison

There are three degrees(from lowest to highest):positive, comparative,and superlative.

For example, if theadjective rich is usedto describe people,these would be theadjectives of differentdegrees.

Rich = Positive

Richer =Comparative

Richest =Superlative


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Comparison by

adjectives


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COMPARATIVEAND

SUPERLATIVE

ADJECTIVES


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Comparatives

Comparatives are used to show the difference between two objects. Lets say

that I have two cars. I have a little Toyota and a big Ford. A comparative

is used to show the difference between the two. The Ford is big so we can

saythe Ford is bigger than the Toyota. Because the Toyota is small, we

can sayThe Toyota is smaller than the Ford. To learn to use these weneed to learn five basic rules.


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Rule 1. If an adjective

has 1 syllable we addthe endinger to the

adjective.

i.e. small + er =

smaller than

i.e. hard + er = harder

than

The ant is smallerthan the hippo.


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Rule 2. If a one syllable

adjective ends with aconsonant + a vowel + aconsonant you must

double the lastconsonant and then ader.

i.e. big + er = bigger than

i.e. fat + er = fatter than

The elephant is fatter

than the giraffe.


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Rule 3. If an adjectiveends with a y, remove

the y and add ier.

i.e. happyy + ier =

happier thani.e. funnyy + ier =

funnier than

The girl is happier

than the duck.


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Rule 4. If an adjectivehas two syllables or

more without a y then

add the word morebefore the word. If the

adjective ends with a

y, you will only add the

word more if it has

three syllables or more.i.e. beautiful + more =

more beautiful than

i.e. expensive + more =

more expensive thani.e. satisfactory + more =

more satisfactory than

The butterfly ismore beautiful than

the frog.


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Rule 5. There are a fewexceptions.

good = better thanbad = worse than

far = farther than


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Remember, when using a comparative you must

always follow it with the word than.

The Toyota is smaller than the Ford.

The Ford is bigger than the Toyota.

The ant is smaller than the hippo.

The elephant is fatter than the giraffe.

The girl is happier than the duck.

The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.


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Superlatives

Superlatives are used to show thedifference between more than two objects.Lets say that I have three cars. I have a

little Toyota, a medium size Jeep and a bigFord. A superlative is used to show thedifferences that exist in the group. The

Ford is big so we can say the Ford is thebiggest. Because the Toyota is small, we

can say The Toyota is the smallest. Tolearn to use these we need to learn five

basic rules.


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The ant is thesmallest.

Rule 1. If an adjectivehas 1 syllable we add

the endingest to the

adjective.

i.e. small + est = the

smallest

i.e. hard + est = thehardest


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The hippo is thefattest.

Rule 2. If a one syllableadjective ends with a

consonant + a vowel + aconsonant you mustdouble the lastconsonant and adest.

i.e. big + est = thebiggesti.e. fat + est = the fattest


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The elephant is the

heaviest.

Rule 3. If an adjectiveends with a y, removethe y and add iest.

i.e. happyy + iest = the

happiest

i.e. funnyy + iest = thefunniest


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The airplane is

the mostexpensive.

Rule 4. If an adjectivehas two syllables ormore without a y then

add the word mostbefore the word. If theadjective ends with ay, you will only add theword most if it hasthree syllables or more.

i.e. beautiful + most =the most beautifuli.e. expensive + most =the most expensivei.e. satisfactory + most =the most satisfactory


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Rule 5. There are a fewexceptions.

good = the bestbad = the worst

far = the farthest


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Remember, when using a superlative you must always

precede it with the word the.

The Toyota is the smallest.

The Ford is the biggest.

Brad Pitt is the most handsome.

The airplane is the most expensive.

Jim Carrey is the funniest.


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Why are adjectives important to usein writing? It makes your writing more

visual and vivid.

Your readers will get abetter idea of what you wish

them to picture when theyread your writing.

It appeals to your readerssenses so they can hear,see, touch, taste, and evensmell what youredescribing.

It makes reading andwriting much more fun.

It sets the tone for yourwriting.

You need to use them fordescriptive papers.

Here are twosentences: one usesadjectives, one doesnt.Which one allows you tosee the picture better?

a. The rainforest containsflowers and plants thatmay help cure hospitalpatients.

b. The fresh, lush

rainforest containshundreds of bright,colorful flowers andhealthy, green plantsthat may help cure manyweak hospital patients.


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Here are some adjective usagetips: Adjectives almost always are placed immediately before the

noun they describe. Sometimes they appear in a string ofadjectives.

As mentioned above, don't place an adjective after the noun.Correct: The red apple is tasty. Incorrect: The apple red is tasty. Dont overuse adjectives. It sounds jumbled and less credible if

you run more than three adjectives (at the most) together. Ex.She is a nice, beautiful, funny, clever, knowledgeable, tactfulperson.

When an adjective owes its origins to a proper noun, it shouldprobably be capitalized. Thus we write about Christian music,French fries, the English Parliament, the Ming Dynasty, aFaulknerian style, Jeffersonian democracy. Some periods of timehave taken on the status of proper adjectives: the Nixon era, aRenaissance/Romantic/Victorian poet Directional and seasonaladjectives are not capitalized unless they're part of a title

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