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    SEMESTER 1, SESSION 2011/12

    PROJECT MANAGEMENT

    FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

    (AQS 4292)

    COURSEWORK 1

    PREPARED BY:

    NURRABIATUL ADAWIYAH BTE JALALUDIN

    1011220

    BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

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    a) Why is Project Management very important for the Construction Industry?(40 marks)

    Introduction

    The construction industry is often known as a very highly fragmented industry with a large

    number of activities involving different parties and professionals such as architects, engineers,

    quantity surveyors, contractor teams, suppliers, financiers and others. By being a fragmented

    industry, management efficiency and competency in the industry is needed to gain a higher level

    of competitiveness. The needs for such an approach has become more important and more

    pronounced, not only due to the increased size and complexity of building projects but also as a

    result of growing participation by international contractors. Thus, the intervention of Project

    Management Consultants becomes a step to solve the issues.

    In the Malaysian scenario, Project Management Consultant can be described as a group of

    professionals which has been formed to manage a project from the start to its completion stage.

    For the government projects, these groups of professionals such as engineers, architects, quantity

    surveyors and accountants who work under one project management team will take the role of

    Project Work Department (PWD) in order to manage as well as to deliver the project accordingly.

    Bernard (1987) highlighted that the role of project management consultant is to re-integrate the

    very much disintegrated construction industry in order to avoid, as far as possible, conflict, lack

    of communication and waste of efforts through better co-ordination, closer cooperation and more

    effective control. Project management consultants are also required to have a body of knowledge

    in order to be consultant to others. Without those required knowledge, the chances of delivering

    the project as planned is minimal.

    In addition, The Alexander Hamilton Institute (1984) had realized the necessity of Project

    management to be applied in construction industry. Many projects are completed without any

    formal project management practices. These projects are often plagued with delays and cost

    overruns. The main point is not just completing a project, but completing it correctly. If the

    projects end with massive cost overruns or constant delays, you are probably not getting a

    maximum return on investment from all the time and effort you and your firm expended. Thus, in

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    order to understand project management, you must first recognize what a project is (Harold,

    2004).

    The Project Management Institute defines a project as a series of tasks, arranged in a defined

    sequence or relationship that produces a pre-defined output or effect. A project always has a

    start, middle and an end (PMBOK, 1999). A Project can be defined loosely as an item of work

    which requires planning, organizing and dedicating resources and expenditure funds, in order to

    produce a concept, a product, or a plant (James and Albert, 1994).

    On the other hand, project management is the process of integrating everything that needs to be

    done as the project evolves through life cycle in order to meet the projects objectives. It is the

    process of planning, organizing and managing tasks and resources to accomplish a defined

    objective, usually within constraints on time, resources or cost. The Project Management Institute

    defines project management as the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to

    project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholders needs and expectations from a project

    (PMBOK,1999). Project management emphasizes on the ability to develop fully integrated

    information and control system to plan, instruct, monitor and control large amounts of data,

    quickly and accurately to facilitate the problem-solving and decision making process.

    The importance of project management in construction industry

    Project Manager is the person appointed by client to manage the project management consultants.

    Project manager need to establish who are the stakeholders (beside the client) and analyze their

    needs and expectations to define the purpose of the project, its scope of works and objectives.

    The disciplined of project management can be describes in terms of its components process,

    defined by PMBOK as nine knowledge areas which are;

    Project IntegrationIntegrates the tree main project management processes of planning, execution and control

    where inputs from several knowledge areas are brought together.

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    Project Scope ManagementProject scope management includes the process required to ensure that the projects

    includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project

    successfully. It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or is not

    included in the project, to meet the sponsors and stakeholders goals and objectives. Itconsists of authorization, scope planning, scope definition, scope change management and

    scope verification.

    Project Time ManagementProject time management includes the process required to ensure timely performance of

    the project. It consists of activity definition, activity sequencing, duration estimating,

    establishing the calendar, schedule development and time control.

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    Project Cost ManagementProject cost management includes the process required to ensure that the project is

    completed within the approved budget. It consists of resources planning, cost estimating,

    cost budgeting, cash-flow and cost control.

    Project Quality ManagementProject quality management includes the process required to ensure that the project will

    satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. It consists of determining the required

    condition, quality planning, quality assurance and quality control.

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    Project Human Resources ManagementProject human resources management includes the process required to make the most

    effectives use of the people involved with the project. It consists of organization planning,

    staff acquisition and team development.

    Project Communications ManagementProject communications management includes the process required to ensure proper

    collection and dissemination of project information. It consists of communication

    planning, information distribution, project meetings, progress reporting and administrative

    closure.

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    Project Risk ManagementProject risk management includes the process concerned with identifying, analyzing and

    responding to project risk. It consists of risk identification, risk qualification and impact,

    response development and risk control.

    Project Procurement ManagementProject procurement management includes the process required to acquire goods and

    services from outside the performing project team or organization. It consists ofprocurement planning, solicitation, source selection, contract administration and contract

    closeout.

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    Scope, Time, Cost and Quality are four core elements which determine the deliverable

    objectives of the project while Integration, Human Resources, Communication, Risk,

    Procurement and contract are the means of achieving the deliverable objectives.

    The disciplined of project management highlighted that project management become as a tools to

    monitor and control projects in construction industry. The four main elements that crucial in

    construction are time, cost, cash flow and quality. Controlling these four elements will lead to

    successful project management in terms of managing the quantity and quality of the projects.

    These four elements need to be control during pre-contract and post contract stage in order for the

    project to run smoothly.

    Figure 1.0: Project control.

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    In terms oftime, project management is important in management of the construction process to

    ensure that the project completed within the time frame given by the client. This can be achieved

    by establishing the best way to implement the construction process, which would include proper

    scheduling, and the coordination and control of the flow of labor, materials, and equipment to the

    job site. Managing the construction process is very crucial as it deals with long process from

    design initiation to the closure of the project.. This process also known as lifecycle of the project

    as explain below.

    Figure 1.1: Project Lifecycle Diagram Project Management Guidebook (2003)

    Figure 1.2: Project Lifecycle

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    The process is often very complex; however the solutions at various stages are then integrated to

    obtain the final outcome. Each stage requires different expertise; it usually includes both

    technical and managerial activities in the knowledge domain of the specialist. Thus, effective

    work programmed need to be produced to ensure that the project can be handover during the

    period given.

    The other importance of project management is in term of cost. Cost relates with financial

    management of the project such as control over cost, cash flow and adequate project funding as to

    ensure that the project will be within client budget. Project management required the preparing of

    cost plan as a basis for controlling design. As the design develops, quantity surveyors will check

    the design against the allocated budget. Moreover, planning of the cost plan at the early stage of

    design brief will control occurrence of variation orders and re-measurement of works. In

    addition, project management helps in controlling the cash flow of the project. The cash flow

    need to specify on the capital cost, funding, running cost, and margin profit that client can get.

    Another benefit of project management is in terms of quality. Good project management will

    resulted in good quality of materials and workmanship. Client always emphasized on the good

    quality of project as it will affect their business after the project is completed. They have certain

    standards that need to be followed by the consultant. For example, the quality of materials used

    for the project need to be checked and tested before apply at the building. Moreover, since labor

    productivity and a harmonious working environment are essential elements of a successful

    project, control over human resources also becomes important. Skilled workers are more

    preferable to produce good building than unskilled ones while good characteristic of workers will

    avoid problems which can delay the projects.

    Moreover, project management plays an important role as integrator and coordinator between

    the client, contractor, consultants, and specialist. It begins with planning where the project

    will be effectively monitored and communicated to all parties. In construction, there are many

    parties involved and a lot of technical and non-technical inputs were discussed. Thus, there is a

    need of good project management to ensure that the project is run smoothly. Project manager

    plays important role in ensuring that all works are distributed to the designated person and the

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    work is done accordingly. For example, project manager need to make sure that all the drawings

    are coordinate between the consultant as to avoid any discrepancies or unsynchronized drawings.

    Problems will occur during tender and construction if the drawings between all consultants are

    different. Project manager also need monitoring all the consultants to avoid any delays of work

    because if architect, for example, late in producing drawing, it will affects the drawings of

    engineers and delayed the work of other consultants.

    Project management involves more than just what a project manager does, all team manager

    engage in some level of project management, whether meeting deadline, communicating with

    others, or estimating task durations. Everyone involved in the project contributes to its success.

    This statement is supported with the survey carried out by Jaafar (2005) which concluded that the

    level of clients satisfaction did depend on the services rendered by the project consultant,

    contractors, time, quality, cost and the most important criteria to the clients were that the project

    delivered met with the specified requirements of the client.

    Project management allows us to achieve an objective with the minimum interference from

    events that can delay or stop us from achieving that objective. In planning, we consider threats

    and opportunities for the projects. We identify the threats or risk of the project, the probability of

    occurrence, the effects on the project and how to handle it. We try to predict the problems and

    prepare with the possible solutions that can help to resolve the issues. We can also identify the

    opportunities and how to take advantages when planning the project.

    Parties involved in

    ro ectClientsConsultants

    AuthoritiesContractors (&

    Sub/ s ecialist

    Su liers Purchasers

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    The failure in project management will affect the progress of the projects as it will cause;

    delay in completing project cost/budget overrun poor quality and workmanship no purchasers or tenants project not making profit

    Conclusion

    To conclude, project management is important to ensure that the project will not fail because of

    certain barriers such as human attitudes and limited resources. Project management allows the

    project manager to know about things that need to be done, how it should be done, who will do it,

    what are the resources, when it should be done, the cost and the quality. Due to that reason,

    project management comprises of time planning, cost planning, quality planning and life cycle

    cost planning. The key management function is to achieve goals through the motivating teams .

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    b) Explain the steps you would take to prepare a (main) Project Brief for a 5 StarResort project costing RM300 million, and ensure that the Brief is as complete as possible

    and closely represents the clients needs. (60 marks)

    Project Brief

    Project brief is the summary of all the major aspects of a project, including the rationale of a

    project, a description of the goals (impacts) and target groups, a presentation of framework

    conditions and risks as well as the conceptual design of the project (European Union). Project

    brief has to be thoroughly researched, comprehensive, responds accurately and sensitively to

    clients needs and requirement, agreed by all participants of a project before a project can have a

    chance of ultimate success.

    Project brief contains the following elements which are;

    Organizational Purpose Project Purpose Project Objectives Target Market

    Preparing a project brief is important to ensure that the end result will fulfill clients satisfaction.Failure in meeting clients need end up in poor project managements system by project manager.

    However, to achieve that, clients also play important roles in preparing project brief. Client need

    to acknowledge the importance of the briefing process and their role within it. Client is

    responsible in initiating, directing and maintaining the momentum of the project (from inception

    to completion). They provide information, organizing and allocating adequate resources for

    briefing and monitoring buildings performance.

    Thus, project manager assigned for the project need to ensure that the client has given a complete

    and adequate briefing about the 5 Star Resort project before the complete brief being prepared by

    project manager. Project Manager needs to ensure that the brief was prepared based on what

    clients needs not what they want. The project brief will be the yardstick to measure if the

    building produced later on meets the client requirements or not.

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    All the parties involved need to know their role in preparing project briefs. Basically, project

    brief can be divided into three which are main project brief, layout plan brief and design

    brief. Main project brief are between the client and the project manager. Once the client

    confirmed their needs to build, (initial) project brief for the resort can be produced to get the

    project team going. The purpose of Initial project brief is to acquire the information needed

    through the starting up of a project. The parameters includes type of building, overall size,

    budget amount, lifespan of building, clients needs, objectives and priorities, end users needs etc.

    Next, detailed project briefis produced based on the initial brief. Inputs of all interested parties

    such as the client, the end users and the design team were obtained and considered through

    meetings. At this stage, documentation of the project and communication between parties

    involved are very crucial. Layout Plan Brief between Project Manager and the Town Planner as

    well as Design Brief for the resort between Project Manager and the Architect are carried out.

    Figure 2.0 Development of Project Brief

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    Moreover, to avoid any discrepancies between the prepared brief and client needs, several steps

    are needed in preparing brief for a 5 star Resort project according to the stages which are Project

    Appraisal Stage, Project Proposal Stage, and Project Design Stage.

    Steps to prepare project brief for 5 Star Resort Project.

    1. Project Appraisal StageThis is the early stage where Project Manager prepared Project Brief of the 5 Star Resort based

    on the consultation with client.

    Clients requirementThe first step is to know the client requirements for the projects. Usually, it will includes the

    information on budgets/costs, timing, technical, contractual, legal, safety, fire, disability

    requirements, planning/building consents, energy management and servicing/maintenance issues.

    During briefing process, project manager need to assists the clients in defining the project in

    terms of design possibilities and constraints of the project and decision making. Project manager

    need to aware of essential information that they need in commencing the project as not all clients

    have experiences in the project.

    If there is lack of information from the client, then, external sources are needed for the project

    from the experienced personnel that always involved in 5 Star Resort project. Questionnaires,

    checklist, publications, visits to existing resort (as case studies), research investigations, users

    studies and continuous feedback are other external sources for the brief. Feedback information

    can be derived from study of past (project) development process, from inception to

    commissioning, post-occupancy evaluation and operation and maintenance.

    Consultant needs to have an overview about the characteristics of 5 Star Resort projects that need

    to take into consideration in terms of complexity, maintainability, flexibility and continuity. The

    project manager should bear in mind that for this type of project, the client may varies depending

    on the project stage. Usually the client for the project and the operator for the resort are different

    party which will affect the commencement of the project. The project manager must balance the

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    need of client which is profit based only with the needs of the operator especially in terms of

    building maintenance. Client may want the materials used for the project to be very high quality

    and beautiful, however, project manager need to consider about the maintenance cost that

    operator need to spend if there is any defects at the buildings after project hand over. Life cycle

    cost need to take into consideration. Moreover, the consultant needs to take into consideration of

    the flexibility in design for the projects. The project may have future extension or change the

    used in a few year times. Thus, designing and constructing a building with good flexibility,

    allowing for expandability and upgradability is highly recommended. In terms of continuity, it is

    importance that design and construction of hospitality facilities is carried out correctly and in

    high quality so that the hospitality facilities can maintain their service with minimum breakdown

    and disruption to customers.

    Feasibility studyAfter getting the project inquiries, Project Manager for 5 Star Resort project shall produce a brief

    report on the requirements of a feasibility study and complete an initial project proposal to

    allocate funds for a feasibility study to be completed. The report should include description of

    facility, roles and responsibilities, communication, extent and deliverables of the study,

    reporting requirements, procurement strategy and programme.

    Feasibility study is important to determine the suitability of the site in terms of market

    feasibility, organizational feasibility, technical feasibility, financial feasibility and social

    desirability. Financial feasibility will relate with profitability and cash flow analysis while

    technical feasibility emphasizes on the physical constraints and ground conditions.

    Feasibility studies contain comprehensive, detailed information about the business structure,

    products and services, the market, logistics of how to deliver a product or service, the resources

    need to make the business run efficiently, as well as other information about the business. This

    study will be presented to the clients to shows the feasibility of the project at that site. If the site

    is suitable and had a great potential for 5 Star Resort project, the client must aware with any

    unresolved issues regarding land matters. If the site is not suitable, then, the client needs to find

    another site that will give benefits to the project and generate income.

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    Budget/fundingCost control is important in preparing the brief. Project Manager needs to be aware with the costs

    of the project and ensure that the design, resources of the project and the expenditure is within the

    agreed budget. Cost control can ensure that the projects achieve balanced design expenditure

    between elements in a building and ensuring value-for-money projects. As the project costing

    RM300 million, the consultants can use design-to-cost method for the project to achieve the

    quality needed for 5 Star Resort. Besides, Quantity surveyors appointed for the project can

    prepare a set of Preliminary Detail Abstract or known as PDA to get the rough figure of the

    project based on the clients requirements. This PDA will help the consultants in preparing their

    proposal for the buildings in terms of design and facilities needed. Architect for example, can

    prepare for preliminary schedule of accommodation. The financial components of labour, plant,

    material, overheads and profit applied to an item are also takes into consideration. Cost in use and

    life cycle cost of the building are also being monitored to control the cash flow of the project.

    Time-scaleTimescale is a broad estimate of timings, in particular completion date and any other key

    milestones. To prepare the brief, project manager need to assume the length of time for the

    project. Project manager need to prepare work programmed using the planning and control toolssuch as Gantt chart. Besides, the duration of the task can be determined by experienced, method

    of study and work study of related project. Time also related with the design length, from the start

    of the project to the completion.

    FunctionFunction is important in determining the primary reason for the project to exist.

    2. Project Proposal Stage

    From the previous stage, Project Manager will update the project brief. During this stage,

    operational requirements and any functional relationships, size of the facility, specific technical

    requirements (design life, performance standards, procurement strategy and alignment with

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    framework agreements) and formal communication structure need to be considered. For the next

    step, consultants need to get detailed statement from the client on the space and facilities required

    and the specification they want for the resort including their ideas and standards. This data is

    needed to prepare the schedule of accommodation and design brief. Any decision making and

    changes for the project need to come from the authorized personnel of the project or decision

    maker to avoid and problems later on.

    Options for discussion, approximation of costThe consultants can come out with various proposals for the project. For each option a financial

    appraisal is to be completed in order to clearly identify the optimum business solution.

    Risk AssessmentThe Project Manager will undertake an initial risk assessment and develop the Risk Register for

    the project based on the proposals. This includes cost estimates for each construction solution and

    allowances against some of the risk were identified. This information will be updated for client

    approval.

    Outline planning permissionClient and consultant need to emphasize on planning permission for the resort at that area.To propose a 5 Star Resort project, consultant need to aware of the requirements needed by local

    authority and related party on specification of 5 star standards. The information gathered will be

    highlighted to the client to ensure that the resort will become a 5 Star Resort. At this stage,

    consultant can prepare brief based on local authority requirements, clients requirements and

    technical requirements.

    The brief produced at this stage will be submitted to client for approval while the cost for the

    project will be revised to match with the updated elemental cost plan. Various elements of design

    are developed and their specification is finalized.

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    3. Project Design Stage

    This is the final stage needed to prepare the project brief. Project Manager will update the project

    brief based on the previous stage. At this stage, design scheme (functional layouts),

    circulation/operational strategy, phasing/demolition/decanting strategies, design concept and

    proposed services strategy (services schematics and structural schematic) and procurement

    strategy need to be considered and finalized. This is also a progressive task where various

    elements of the design are developed and their specifications are finalized.

    Then, the updated schedule of accommodation and project brief will be given to quantity

    surveyor to detail up the cost plan. After finalizing the project brief with the consultant, project

    manager will discuss with the client on the schedule of accommodation, the budget estimation of

    the project based on the given schedule of accommodation and the propose materials for the

    project as well as propose work programme. These will determine either the management of the

    project is successful or not as it relates with the end result of fulfilling client requirements, within

    the given budget of RM 300 million and within the time frame. This discussion with the client

    and other consultant is important to avoid any discrepancies. Amendments will be done if there is

    dispute on costing for certain design requirements, the specification and space provided by

    consultants and others.

    Finally, after all the discussion and amendments, the brief can be compiled as a guideline for the

    design of the resort. At this final stage, client agreement on the document is crucial and the

    document must have been approved with initial by authorized person. Client has to bear in mind

    that they are responsible for any changes in future which may lead to variations orders, exceeding

    the cost and delaying the projects except for minor adjustment needed.

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    Project brief

    The project brief should contain the following sections:

    a) Project TitleProject title for this document will be stated, for example 5 Star Resort in Langkawi togetherwith the names of the Project Manager and Project Sponsor.

    b) The purpose of the documentThe purpose of this document is to provide a full and firm foundation for the scope and

    management of the 5 Star Resort project in Langkawi. In particular it is intended to:

    Document the Project Office teams understanding of what the business requires the project

    to deliver so that the team can meet expectations

    Set out in a single document the business requirements of the project

    Define the scope of the project in terms of what is included and what is specifically

    excluded

    Specify the products and outcomes of the project so that all stakeholders fully understand

    what the project will deliver

    Document the benefits which can be realized through delivery of the above products and

    outcomes

    Be utilized as a basis to identify and manage potential changes to requirements.

    This document provides a base document for deriving other project documents, and therefore

    it is important that the document provides a shared and common understanding, which is

    endorsed by the Project Board for the 5 Star Resort Project.

    c) Background of the ProjectA brief description of the background of this 5 Star Resort including how the project came

    about, what the project is about, why undertaking the project, and the outcomes of the

    project to the organization.

    d) Project DefinitionThis section involves working down through a hierarchy of scale, moving from the broad

    vision for the project through to specific objectives; deliverables and the tasks needed to

    produce them.

    Project Aims and VisionBrief description of the aims for the 5 Star Resort in Langkawi and the outcomes to

    achieve the aims. This includes some reference to likely timescales, budget and resources,

    and what the project will aim to deliver.

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    OutcomesOutcomes deal with the difference that the project will make in the broadest terms.

    Examples of outcomes would be captured in phrases like improve delivery of

    information; reduce duplicationof effort between agencies.

    Project scopeDescribe the major deliverables of the project along with specific products, which are not

    part of the project. Describe the major dependencies (which impact on the project during

    its life) and interdependencies, which will exist after implementation.

    Project objectivesExplain what the project is trying to achieve by stating its objectives, which should be

    measurable and defined in terms of the projects major deliverables, effort, cost,

    tolerances and business benefits expected.

    OutputsOutputs are things that will be delivered by the 5 Stars Resort project. Outputs have

    connection with outcomes, where the outputs are used by the projects clients to achieve

    the outcomes.

    Method of approachThis section is important for many voluntary sector projects as a way of demonstrating the

    distinctiveness of a project, or to emphasize the values that are implicit in the project.

    Examples: involving users, work in partnership withother agencies.

    ExclusionsState which products are excluded from the project, including any products that may be

    added at a later date, subject to appropriate change control processes.

    ConstraintsDescribe the constraints within which the project must operate, for example there may be

    constraints on the amount of resources available to the project or the location of the

    project team.

    InterfacesDescribe any interfaces with the project both internal and external to the organisation

    including any links to other projects.

    Acceptance criteria

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    Insert a prioritized list of criteria which the project must meet before the client will accept

    them. It is essential therefore to meet with the client and seek agreement as to content and

    priority.

    Benefits & Costs AnalysisA brief statement of the main benefits to be gained from undertaking this project and the

    main costs which will be incurred and which need to be controlled and contained. Not

    necessarily a full cost-benefit analysis but a brief overview.

    Key Milestones DatesA broad estimate of timings, in particular completion date and any other key milestones.

    StakeholdersList of project key stakeholders or delivery partners which will give impact to the project

    or will be impacted by the project and describe on how they will be engaged.

    CommunicationsBrief details of how Project-level communications are to be run or operate in this project.

    e) RiskEffective project management puts effort into managing the risks within a project,

    focusing attention and allocating resources where it is needed most, rather than spreading

    them across the whole project. The main risk is the issues which may delay the project.

    The priority ones should be identified with suggestions as to how they could be averted or

    their impact lessened.

    f) Project Organizational structureProject Organizational Structure will clarify the structure of the Project Board and the

    project team. It is important to be clear on staff roles within the resort projectThe

    development of an effective team is a key component in the development of a successful

    project and there is a wealth of literature available on team building.

    g) QualityIt is useful to identify the quality measures and to be clear on who will be responsible for

    seeing that they are met. The quality plan will also deal with how the project will beevaluated as it proceeds. Evaluation often continues after a project is complete, but it is

    important to build these mechanisms into the project at the planning stage.

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    References

    Course 19: Managing Projects, Matt H. Evans,

    http://www.exinfm.com/training/pdfiles/course19.pdf

    http://www.projectauditors.com/Training/Introduction_to_Project_Management.html

    Dzulkarnaen Bin Ismail, Services Provided By Project Management Consultant in Malaysian

    Construction Industry, October 2005, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

    Pms_project brief.pdf

    Project Management in the Construction Industry,

    http://www.aiu.edu/publications/student/english/Project%20Management.html

    Project Management Fundamentals, Niladri Mallick Choudhurhttp://www.giorgiogiussani.it/project-managemet_EN.pdf

    Project Brief, Norfolk Connect Partnership

    http://www.norfolkconnect.gov.uk/norfolkconnect-papers/documents/Project_Brief_1.pdf

    The Need for Systematic Project Management in the Construction Industry,

    http://www.straits-engineers.com/publications_pdf/publication_1.pdf

    Yahaya Mohd Yunus, Project Management for the Built Environment,(2011)

    International Islamic Univesity Malaysia.

    http://melashri.wordpress.com/2008/02/12/project-management-definitions-2/

    http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/44/04708512/0470851244.pdf

    http://www.works.qld.gov.au/downloads/bpu/cwmf_project_definition.pdf

    http://www.lindsay-

    sherwin.co.uk/project_framework/htm_4_control_and_reporting/03_project_brief.htm

    http://www.ictknowledgebase.org.uk/fileadmin/ICT/pdf/project_management/lcgpm.pdf