Adapting Verbally Adapting Verbally And VisuallyAnd Visually

Presented byPresented by Mohammad Hussain

&

Komal Zehra

Audience Audience AdaptationAdaptation

Audience Adaptation is the Active process of verbally and visually relating material directly to the specific audience. You will recall that an affective speech plan is a product of five action Steps:

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• Developing Common ground• Building and maintaining audience interest• Relating to the audience’s level of understanding• Reinforcing or changing audience’s attitudes towards you and your topic• Relating information visually--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Developing Common GroundCommon Ground - Awareness that the speaker and the audience

share the same or similar information,feelings, and experiences.-------

Use Personal PronounsUse Personal Pronouns -

Pronouns referring directly to the one speaking, spoken to, or spoken about

Ask Rhetorical QuestionsAsk Rhetorical Questions -

Questions phrased to simulate a mental response rather than a spoken response

Share Common ExperienceShare Common Experience -

Share your common Experience by selecting and presenting personal experiences

Personalize InformationPersonalize Information -

Relating information to specific audience references

Creating and Maintaining Audience Interest

L istener’s interest depends on whether they believe the information has personal impact

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Below are four Principle you can use to build and maintain Audience interest

Timeliness Listeners are more likely to be interested in information they perceive as timely

they want to know how they can use that information now

Proximity Information with a relationship to personal space

SeriousnessInformation having Physical, economic or Physiological impact

Vividness Information that arouses our sense

Adapting to the audience’s level of Understanding

If you Predict that your listeners do not have the necessary If you Predict that your listeners do not have the necessary background to understand the information that you will present background to understand the information that you will present in your speech, you will need to orient them. If, however, you in your speech, you will need to orient them. If, however, you predict that your audience has sufficient background, you will predict that your audience has sufficient background, you will need to present information in a way that will ensure need to present information in a way that will ensure continuous understandingcontinuous understanding

Orienting Listeners

Listeners are likely to stop paying attention if they are lost at the start of the speech

Presenting New InformationEven when we predict that our audience has the

necessary background information, we still need to work on ways of presenting new information that ensures continued understanding.

Building a Positive Attitude toward you as the Speaker

CredibilityCredibility -

The level of trust an audience has or will have in the speaker

There are three steps that are defined to build a positive attitude towards you as the speaker

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Building Audience Perception of Your Knowledge and Expertise

Building Audience Perception of Your Trustworthiness

Building Audience Perception of Your Personality

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Building Audience Perception of your Knowledge and Expertise

Your Audience will expect you to have a wealth of high-quality examples, illustrations, and personal

experiences in your speech----

• The first step in building a perception of knowledge and expertise is to go into the speaking situation fully prepared

• Next step is to show your audience that you have a wealth of high-quality examples, illustrations, and personal experiences.

• Third step is to show any direct involvement you have had with the topic area. In addition to increasing the audience’s perception of your depth of knowledge, your personal involvement increase the audience perception of your practical understanding of the issue and your personal concern for the subject

Building Audience Perception of Your Trustworthiness

Trustworthiness -

Speaker’s character and apparent motivates for speaking----

• Early in your speech, it is important to show why listeners need to know your information

• Throughout the speech, you can emphasize your sincere interest in their well-being.

• The more listeners see you as one of them, the easier it will be for you to establish your trust worthiness

Building Audience Perception of your Personality

• Audience perception of your personality are likely to be based on their first impression of you

• Try to dress appropriately, groom yourself carefully, and carry yourself in an attractive manner.

• Audience react favorably to a speaker who acts friendly.

• A smile and a pleasant tone of voice go a long way in showing warmth that will increase listeners’ comfort with you and your ideas.

Adapting to the Audience’s attitude towards your speech

goalAttitude-

A predisposition for or against people, places or things that usually expressed as an opinion

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Adapting to listeners, attitudes towards your speech goal is especially important for persuasive speeches, but it can be important for informative speeches as well.

At the outset, try to predict whether listeners will view your topic positively, negatively, or have no opinions.

Adapting to Audiences Visually

Visual Aids - A form of speech development that enables the audience to see as well as to

hear information

(i)__Visual Aids you can carry Many times your speech can be helped by using a visual aid you can carry to

class

• Yourself• Objects• Models• Photographs• Films• Slides

Yourself

On Occasion, you can be your own best visual aid. For instance, through descriptive gestures you can show the height of tennis net; through your postures and movement you can show the motions involved in the butterfly swimming stroke; and through your own attire you can illustrate the native dress of foreign country

Objects

A cell phone, a basketball, or a braided rug are the kind of objects you can bring that can be seen by the audience. Objects make good visual aids if

1- They are large enough to be seen (consider how far away people will be sitting)

2- Small enough to carry around with you.

ModelsWhen an object is too large to bring to the speech site or too small

to be seen, a three-dimensional model may prove a worth while substitute. If you were to talk about turbine engine, a suspension bridge, an Egyptian Pyramid, or the structure of an atom, a model might well be the best visual aid. Working models can be especially eye-cracking.

Photographs

Photos are useful visual aids when you need an exact reproduction. To be effective, they need to be large enough to be seen from the back of the room and effective enough to make your point at glance

Films

Although Films can be brought to class, they are seldom appropriate for speeches-mostly because films so dominate that the speaker loses control. Occasionally during a longer speeches you may want to use short clips of a minute or two each. Still, because projecting film requires darkening the room for that portion of time, using a film in a speeches is often disruptive. Moreover, to use films you must bring a projector to class with you.

Slides

The advantage of slides over films is that you can control when each image will be shown. The remote-control device enables you to pace your slides and talk about each one as long as necessary. As with films, slides requires darkening the room when they are projected, and novice speakers may lose control of their audience. And as with films, you must bring a projector to class with you

(ii)__Visual Aids you can createThe next group of visual aids require more work for you because you have to create them

• Drawings• Maps• Charts

- Word Charts

- Organizational Charts• Graphs

- Bar graph

- Line graph

- Pie graphs

DrawingSimple drawings are easy to prepare. If you can use a

compass, a straightedge, and a measure, you can draw well enough for most speech purposes.

Stick figures may not be aesthetically pleasing as professional drawings, but they work just as well. In fact, elaborate, detailed drawings are not worth the time and effort they actually may obscure the point you wish to make.

Maps

Like drawings, maps are relatively easy to prepare. Simple maps enables you to focus on landmarks (mountains, rivers, and lakes), states, cities, land routes, or weather system

ChartsA chart is a graphic representation that distills a lot of information and present it

to an audience is easily interpreted format. Word charts and Organizational charts are most common examples and used commonly

Word Charts

Word charts are often used to preview materials that will be covered in a speech, to summarize materials, and to remind an audience of speech content.

Organizational Charts

diagram of a complicated system or procedure using symbol and connecting lines

GraphA graph is a diagram that compares information

Below are three common types of Graphs

• Bar graphsDiagram that compares information with vertical or horizontal bars to

show relationship between two or more variables at the same time or at various times on one or more dimension

• Line graphsA diagram that indicates changes in one or more variable over time

• Pie graphs A diagram that shows relationship among parts of a single unit

A Plan of Adaptation

Writing a Speech Plan

It is a written strategy for establishing common ground, maintaining interest, ensuring understanding, and copying with potential negative reactions to you as a speaker or to your topic or goal. Even though your classroom audience may be similar to you in age, race, religion, academic background, and so forth, you must still think through your strategies carefully.

SummarySpeakers adapt to their audiences by speaking directly to them by

planning strategies that create or build audience interest, adapt to audience level of understanding, and adapt to the

audience’s attitude towards the speaker and towards the goal

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For your first few Speeches, it may help to write out a speech plan that specifies how you will adapt your

speeches to the specific audience