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307© Th e Editor(s) (if applicable) and Th e Author(s) 2016S. Pihlström, S. Kivistö, Kantian Antitheodicy, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40883-5

Index 1

1 Note: Page numbers followed by “n” denote notes.

A absence of God, the, 174, 181n77 absolute safety, 147 absurdity, 11, 12, 25n23, 139–85,

208, 261, 265, 282 acknowledgment, 5, 21n10, 26n26,

43, 51, 65n57, 67n75, 99, 101, 102, 107, 121, 128n76, 148, 155, 159, 203, 208, 209, 222, 239, 244n25, 244n27, 258, 259, 263, 272, 277, 279–85, 289n41

afterlife, 74, 166 Agamben, Giorgio, 27n35, 62n40,

63n46, 89, 126n55, 246n44, 279, 289n40

Alford, C. Fred, 56, 61n25, 66n61, 70n97, 71n104

antitheodicism, 1, 4, 7–12, 15, 22n15, 25n23, 26n26, 27n36, 29–71, 73–140, 146, 147, 149, 157, 160, 161, 164, 176n9, 178n29, 179n40, 179n41, 188, 189, 192, 193, 207, 208, 222, 231, 233–5, 241, 251n125, 255n147, 258, 261, 263, 264, 268–74, 278, 282, 284, 285, 287n23, 289n47, 289n48, 290n48

antitheodicy, 2, 10, 11, 13–17, 21n10, 23n15, 27n36, 30, 45–56, 57n2, 65, 66n62,

308 Index

67n71, 71n103, 84–6, 91–3, 106, 109, 112–15, 119, 123n2, 141, 149, 161, 162, 167, 174, 206, 208, 210, 215, 222, 233–5, 237, 241n2, 251n125, 257–90

anti-utopia . See dystopia Appelqvist, Hanne, 140, 175n1,

175n2, 287n23, 287n24 Aquinas, Th omas, 49–51 Arendt, Hannah, 11, 25n22, 44, 45,

64n56, 89, 90, 124n10, 176n9, 181n69, 219–21, 227, 239, 249n89, 250n106, 250n108, 252n133, 254n143

argument from evil, 3, 20n7, 149, 153, 208, 272

atheism, 20n7, 26n26, 69n94, 74, 154, 176n10, 195, 198, 215

Augustine, 1, 2, 60n21 Auschwitz, 17, 27n35, 30, 62n40,

63n46, 66n60, 70n97, 81, 87–9, 92, 111, 124n15, 126n49, 126n55, 137n167, 205, 246n44, 279, 288n29, 289n40

authenticity, 64n54, 253n140 authentic theodicy, 30, 33, 34, 43,

45–54, 69

B Babylonian Th eodicy, 35 Bakhurst, David, 160, 181n71 banality of evil, the, 25n22, 44,

64n56, 239, 254n143 Barge, Laura, 161, 181n77, 182n85,

185n146

Barry, Elizabeth, 171, 184n134, 184n135

Beckett, Samuel, 2, 13, 16, 26n27, 80, 117, 139–85, 258, 260, 262, 265, 266

Began, Richard, 170, 171, 184n124, 184n127

Benjamin, Walter, 80 Bernstein, Richard, 4, 10, 11,

21n11, 21n12, 21n14, 30, 45, 52, 53, 57n3, 57n4, 66n60, 75, 87, 89, 90, 101, 126n52, 126n55, 128n77, 176n9, 261, 264, 286n9

Bible, the, 34, 59n14, 59n15, 61n27, 61n31, 66n59, 66n61, 123n5, 181n77

Blanchot, Maurice, 115–19, 121, 136n153–36n155, 136n160, 137n162, 274

blasphemy, 45–54, 61n25, 70n98, 141

Book of Job, the, 2, 11, 15, 16, 21n10, 22n15, 25n24, 29, 30, 34, 37, 42, 45, 46, 48–50, 54–6, 59n16, 59n18, 60n19–60n22, 61n25, 61n27, 61n29, 61n31, 62n39, 62n45, 63n46, 63n50, 65n57, 65n59, 66n61, 67n74, 70n98, 79, 83, 96, 127n58, 149, 151, 162, 166, 235, 236, 252n133, 260, 265, 266, 269, 279, 287n14

Brachtendorff , Johannes, 47, 48, 52, 55, 57n1, 67n72, 68n75

Bradley, A.C., 266 Bradley, F.H., 204

Index 309

Bryden, Mary, 161, 181n77, 182n89, 183n112

Burley, Mikel, 146–9, 172, 178n30, 178n31, 179n38, 179n41, 179n42, 184n130, 184n136

C Camus, Albert, 2, 25n23, 26n27,

172, 184n138 Catholicism, 215, 247n53 Cavell, Stanley, 128n76, 165,

169–73, 183n98, 183n119, 184n129, 184n130, 185n139, 281, 289n42

Chrysostom, 35 clichés, 170, 171, 238, 264 collective solipsism, 224, 249n98 comedy, 13, 35 communication, 5, 95, 97, 139, 140,

170, 225, 226, 230, 237, 238, 259, 263, 280

Conant, James, 17, 26n32, 27n32, 193, 235–7, 252n128, 252n133, 254n143, 255n144, 255n148, 261, 286n10, 290n49

conclusion, 8, 38, 40–2, 46, 47, 80, 85, 99, 116, 118, 122, 166, 205, 209, 219, 226, 230, 257–90

consolation, 40, 53, 74, 85, 87, 164, 192, 201, 208, 211, 222, 255n147, 265, 276, 278

contingency, 8, 42, 115, 132n119, 133n129, 235, 236, 255n145, 284, 290n48

corruption of language, the, 14, 15, 237

Cottingham, John, 69n94 counterpurposiveness

(Zweckwidrigkeit), 31, 43, 57n5

Cox, Dermot, 151, 152, 161, 167, 180n59, 181n72, 181n75, 182n81, 182n95, 183n108, 183n113, 183n116, 265, 287n13

crime, 31, 32, 73–5, 77, 78, 81, 96, 97, 116–20, 131n103, 134n142, 274

Critchley, Simon, 127n69, 161, 169–71, 181n76, 181n78, 183n104, 183n117, 184n129, 185n140, 249n101

cruelty, 15, 214, 231, 232, 246n44, 251n120, 252n128, 252n133, 255n148, 286n10

D Dalferth, Ingolf, 4, 21n9, 94, 101,

128n77 Davies, Paul, 92–6, 127n69,

128n81, 129n90, 183n106 death, 21n9, 24n16, 51, 69n94, 80,

85, 107, 115–17, 122, 127n58, 138n173, 147, 150, 157, 172, 173, 181n76, 192, 199, 202, 211, 217, 267, 274, 278, 282, 283

defense, 2–4, 6, 16, 19n5, 30, 32, 35, 37, 49, 51, 52, 60n20, 67n75, 79, 88, 105, 130n101, 141, 154, 177n25, 190, 250n104, 255n147, 264, 287n20

310 Index

Derrida, Jacques, 117, 132n122, 135n144, 136n148

determinism, 105, 194, 195 Dewey, John, 189, 192 Dews, Peter, 76, 124n10, 124n11 di Giovanni, George, 34, 56n1 dissimulation, 225 Dostoevsky, Fedor, 26n24, 52, 73,

74, 83, 98, 101–3, 105, 106, 117, 122, 123n2, 123n5, 129n100, 131n105, 132n122, 174, 202, 249n100, 283

doublethink, 225, 236 Dürrenmatt, Friedrich, 12, 26n28,

124n21, 246n44 duty, 44, 53, 54, 92, 98, 102–5, 108,

109, 114, 119, 122, 131n110, 132n112, 137n168, 148, 160, 200, 220, 224, 262, 263, 274, 281, 282

dystopia, 188, 215

E Eichmann, Adolf, 44, 64n56, 78,

181n69, 254n143 Enlightenment, the, 53, 59n15, 97 Esslin, Martin, 164, 181n74,

181n80, 182n92, 183n97, 183n100, 183n104, 183n121

ethics, 11, 17, 25n21, 26n26, 43, 66n62, 84, 91–3, 110, 112, 113, 120, 130n100–30n102, 131n106, 131n110,

133n128, 133n129, 134n137, 147, 159, 178n28, 189–94, 196–200, 207, 209, 210, 219, 231, 241, 241n1, 242n10, 243n14, 243n16, 243n18, 244n25, 246n44, 246n46, 250n101, 251n118, 259–63, 266–8, 270, 272–4, 281, 285, 289n44

evidentialism, 3, 103, 113, 156 evil, 1, 30, 75, 139–85, 187, 258 existentialism, 25n23, 126n47 experience, 4–6, 9–11, 13–15, 21n8,

21n9, 32–4, 38–42, 50, 61n28, 62n39, 70n97, 73, 76, 82, 83, 87, 94, 98, 110, 116, 137n167, 139, 140, 147, 152, 156–8, 160–2, 164, 167, 168, 171, 177n24, 190, 194, 195, 197–9, 201, 202, 206, 208, 209, 214, 217, 219, 220, 222–5, 227, 229, 235, 238, 250n101, 255n147, 259–61, 263–9, 271, 272, 276, 277, 279–81, 283, 287n23, 289n46

F failure of recognition (failure of

acknowledgment), 99, 281, 285

faith, 26n24, 26n27, 30, 35, 38, 39, 43, 46–8, 51, 85, 88, 109, 113, 115, 128n84, 135n146, 142, 145, 146,

Index 311

153, 155, 156, 159–61, 164, 171, 175n1, 179n40, 182n89, 182n92, 215, 217, 230, 249n101, 272, 287n23

falsity, 14, 34, 40, 41, 64n54, 233–5 fatalism, 80 fi ction, 123n5, 123n8, 181n77,

209–14, 220, 223, 248n82, 249n89, 288n29

Fisch, Harold, 81, 83, 123n5, 123n8, 125n29, 125n41, 125n42

forgetting, 105, 111, 130n101, 131n110, 134n136, 228

forgiveness, 23n16, 73–138, 170, 217, 270

Franzese, Sergio, 196, 241n1, 242n10, 243n18

freedom, 1, 8–10, 19n5, 44, 77, 106, 126n47, 132n119, 142, 167, 189, 194, 198, 205, 218, 221, 223, 232, 236, 237, 245n29, 252n133, 255n148, 259, 261, 286n10

free will defense, 3, 4, 16, 19n5, 32 free will theodicy, 2, 3 future, 27n36, 32, 33, 74, 107,

130n100, 150, 163, 166, 167, 169, 173, 179n50, 191, 195, 196, 216, 221, 234, 235, 264

G Gaita, Raimond, 12, 27n35,

131n111, 181n70 Galbraith, Elizabeth C., 45–7, 52,

55, 57n1, 66n62, 67n63, 67n67, 67n69

Gavin, William J., 199, 244n26 Geddes, Jennifer L., 98, 129n93 gift exchange, 104, 111 Girard, René, 39, 42, 62n32, 63n47,

214, 247n68 Gleeson, Andrew, 23n15, 27n36,

123n2, 141, 175n8, 175n9, 178n26, 241n2, 286n1, 288n28

God, 1, 30, 73, 140, 194, 259 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von,

123n5, 218 goodness, 19n5, 31, 32, 38, 40, 50,

51, 97, 111, 142, 147, 203, 205, 206, 213, 266

Gottlieb, Erika, 26n29, 123n8, 210, 220, 227, 246n48, 247n66, 247n70, 249n85, 249n89, 249n90, 250n106, 250n107

grace, 79, 82, 84, 86, 135n142, 150, 153

Gregory the Great, 35, 60n22 Griswold, Charles, 106–9, 113, 114,

129n98, 130n100–2, 132n20, 133n123, 133n127, 134n132, 134n135, 136n149, 137n167, 138n169, 138n174

guilt, 12, 15, 32, 39, 75–9, 81, 87, 101, 106–8, 110, 111, 114–20, 124n10, 125n40, 132n122, 161, 167, 169, 181n69, 223, 224, 228, 267, 270, 274

Guyer, Sara, 116–18, 136n153, 136n155, 136n156, 136n160, 137n162, 137n163

312 Index

H Haldane, John, 215, 247n53,

247n57, 247n72 happiness, 32, 54, 55, 59n18,

60n19, 158, 202, 211, 218, 220, 221, 253n137, 283

happy ending, 35, 42, 89, 265 harmony, 54, 73, 74, 84, 93, 102–5,

112, 113, 115, 122, 123n2, 152, 167, 201, 214, 218, 220, 233

healing, 39, 52, 69n94, 208, 213 Hegel, G.W.F., 7, 250n104 Hick, John, 2, 19n5, 176n13,

178n29 holiness, 31, 213 Holocaust, the, 15, 23n15, 25n21,

27n35, 45, 46, 49, 50, 55, 61n25, 63n46, 65n56, 66n61, 69n94, 70n97, 70n101, 75–7, 87–90, 92, 102, 118–20, 127n58, 131n103, 143, 159, 180n68, 188, 207, 246n44, 246n45, 265, 274, 275, 279

Homer, 37 hope, 4, 11, 15, 29, 33, 38, 40, 41,

46, 55, 68n76, 76, 80, 82, 103, 116, 121, 135n142, 163–6, 168, 173, 191, 195, 199, 200, 202, 216, 258, 276, 287n11, 288n24

human condition, the, 10, 38, 54, 65n56, 119, 162, 164, 169, 174, 210, 262, 283

humility, 146–9, 179n37 Hustvedt, Siri, 2 Huxley, Aldous, 211, 229, 237

I illusion, 44, 85, 97, 126n56, 153,

164, 183n96, 211, 239, 268, 269, 277, 284

immorality, 92–4, 98, 267 immortality, 9, 55, 58n12, 68n76,

90, 126n56, 147, 194 ineff ability, 109, 154, 164 innocence, 12, 39, 75, 78, 94, 114,

116, 119, 134n136, 152, 224, 280

Irenaeus, 2 irony, 24n16, 174, 178n28

J Jacoby, Russell, 219, 221, 249n87,

249n91 James, William, 8, 13, 16, 24n18,

46, 59n15, 67n68, 73, 126n53, 128n84, 132n113, 143, 187, 189, 190, 241n1, 241n3, 242n4, 242n6, 242n10, 242n12, 243n14, 243n18, 243n21, 244n24, 244n25, 245n29, 245n31, 245n35, 246n39, 246n46

Jankélévitch, Vladimir, 11, 23n16, 76, 77, 87, 90, 102, 109–14, 118–22, 130n102, 131n102, 132n118, 132n119, 132n122, 133n125, 133n127, 133n129, 133n130, 134n131, 134n136, 134n141, 135n144–8, 136n150, 136n151, 137n168, 138n172, 138n173, 274

Jaspers, Karl, 107, 132n122

Index 313

Jewish moral thought, 63n46, 288n29

Job . See Book of Job, the Job’s friends . See Book of Job, the Jonas, Hans, 11, 17, 21n8, 45,

66n60, 75, 87–90, 124n10, 126n49, 126n52–4, 205, 264, 265

Judaism, 61n29, 88 justice, 2–4, 11, 12, 23n15, 31–3,

35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45–8, 58n12, 60n25, 70n98, 73–5, 80, 84, 97, 99, 113, 124n8, 130n101, 141, 144, 148, 151, 155, 162, 163, 234, 238, 266

justifi cation, 1–3, 11, 22n15, 44, 47, 50, 74, 76, 80, 89, 92, 94, 98, 112, 113, 128n84, 141, 144, 177n25, 187, 210, 215, 220, 252n125, 262, 269, 282

K Kafka, Franz, 11, 12, 25n23, 25n24,

26n27, 73–138, 143, 200, 224, 265, 266, 269, 273

Kant, Immanuel, 6–10, 16–17, 22n15, 24n17, 24n20, 29–37, 39, 41–8, 52–5, 57n4, 58n11–58n12, 59n14, 59n18, 61n29, 62n41, 64n55, 65–6n59, 66n62, 67n63, 67n66–7n67, 67n69, 68n75–68n76, 70n100, 71n102–71n103, 90, 95–6, 125n40, 126n56, 127n58, 127n69, 128n84, 133n128,

139, 155, 158, 180n63, 194, 232–4, 239, 261, 269, 273, 276, 286n8, 289n44

Kertesz, Imre, 15, 45 Kierkegaard, Soren, 25n23, 140, 192 Knepper, Timothy, 23n15 knowing, 52, 55, 58n11, 74, 120,

128n76, 168, 216, 277, 281 Kolakowski, Leszek, 283, 289n46 Kumar, Krishan, 210, 211, 246n49,

247n55, 253n139 Küng, Hans, 74, 82–4, 123n3,

123n7, 125n32, 125n36, 125n39

L Lacan, Jacques, 230 language, 5, 6, 12–16, 24n19, 39,

50, 53, 54, 60n19, 65n57, 70n101, 93, 98, 108, 110, 113, 129n97, 139–41, 143–5, 148–59, 162, 169–75, 180n64, 180n68, 182n92, 184n124, 217, 218, 230, 232, 237–9, 246n45, 253n139, 253n142, 255n148, 262, 268, 271, 276, 285

language-games, 54, 129n97, 139, 144, 152–6, 158, 255n148

Larkin, Philip, 148, 179n40 Lasine, Stuart, 12, 25n24, 26n25,

78, 79, 124n19, 125n25 law, 53, 54, 68n76, 71n102, 76–8,

83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 96, 97, 99, 125n31, 125n41, 158, 198, 273, 274 . See also legal imagery

legal imagery, 35 . See also trial

314 Index

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 1, 18n1, 19n3, 23n16, 30, 33, 34, 47, 129n92, 289n46

Levinas, Emmanuel, 11, 21n11, 75, 87–96, 98, 118, 127n58, 127n59, 127n63–5, 127n69, 128n84, 129n93, 135n144, 136n150, 176n9, 285, 288n28

Levi, Primo, 15, 27n35, 45, 61n25, 66n61, 137n167, 279, 289n40

limits of language, the, 12, 13, 152, 155, 157, 172, 180n64

lying, 43, 64n55, 99, 145, 233, 277

M Maimonides, Moses, 41 Malpas, Jeff , 155, 180n63 Marchetti, Sarin, 189, 196, 198,

231, 235, 241n1, 241n4, 242n10, 243n14, 243n18, 243n21, 243n23, 244n24, 244n25, 246n46

Margalit, Avishai, 104–6, 108, 109, 111, 119, 130n101, 131n107, 131n109, 131n110, 131n112, 132n114, 137n168, 192, 242n11, 288n39

martyrdom, 88, 279 mathematical truths, 223, 225,

249n100, 251n118 McCord Adams, Marilyn, 3, 19n5,

33, 58n10, 58n12, 179n50, 248n77

meaninglessness, 4, 13, 67n74, 87, 91, 94, 96, 101, 107, 122,

147, 149, 162, 173, 222, 240, 259, 279–84

melancholy, 15, 99, 202, 207, 208, 260

meliorism, 8, 199 metaphysical forgiveness, 107,

137n167, 138n174 metaphysical guilt, 107, 132n122 metaphysics, 4, 27n37, 59n15,

66n59, 70n100, 133n128, 133n129, 135n146, 189–91, 193, 194, 196, 198–200, 205, 219, 231, 234, 235, 242n8, 243n16, 244n27, 246n46, 251n119, 252n131, 254n143, 261, 266, 267, 270, 289n44, 289n46

Miller, J. Hillis, 77, 78, 80, 81, 124n15, 124n18, 125n26, 125n41, 125n44

Mill, John Stuart, 234 Milton, John, 25n24, 27n34,

288n29 Mittleman, Alan, 37, 41, 61n29,

62n37, 62n43 monism, 147, 191, 195, 199, 200,

203–5, 266, 284 moral antitheodicism, 25n23,

64n56, 188, 258, 263, 272 morality, 8, 9, 15, 31, 43, 44, 52, 53,

55, 58n8, 58n12, 61n26, 66n59, 70n98, 83, 84, 89, 104, 110, 114, 125n40, 128n84, 141, 159, 160, 189, 192, 195, 196, 198, 199, 204, 238, 239, 261, 267, 268, 270–3

moral subject, 157–61

Index 315

moral truth, 279–81 Mulhall, Stephen, 141, 175n5, 176n10

N narrativity, 11, 66n59, 79, 137n167,

265 Nazism, 21n8 necessity, 8, 9, 97, 99, 106,

133n129, 140, 161, 204, 266, 273, 290n48

Neiman, Susan, 6, 21n12, 21n13, 42, 43, 45, 52, 61n29, 63n48, 63n50, 66n59, 69n95, 69n96, 127n57, 261, 286n9

neopragmatism, 17, 188, 192, 193, 231, 235

Newsom, Carol A., 40, 41, 59n16, 59n17, 60n19, 62n39, 62n40

Newspeak, 16, 235, 237–9, 253n139 non-acknowledgment, 21n10, 43,

99, 102, 208, 263, 277, 285

non-narrativity, 11, 265 non-recognition, 102, 131n103, 208 nonsense, 74, 127n69, 139–85 Nussbaum, Martha, 247n53

O objectivity, 13, 236, 240, 252n131,

267 obscenity, 52, 87–90, 92, 101 openness, 15, 42, 77–81, 83, 85, 86,

113, 117, 118, 265 optimism, 24n16, 143, 200, 201,

207, 211 Orr, David W., 253n142

Orwell, George, 13, 14, 17, 26n30, 26n31, 64n54, 73, 187–255, 260–2, 286n2, 286n7, 287n11, 288n27

otherness, 66n59, 137n167, 277 other, the, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14, 15,

18n2, 21n11, 22n15, 25n21, 26n27, 27n36, 30, 32, 37–9, 42, 45, 50, 53, 55, 56, 58n8, 59n16, 68n75, 69n94, 69n95, 73, 74, 76–8, 80, 82, 84, 87, 88, 90–6, 100–2, 107, 108, 112, 113, 115, 118, 120, 126n52, 127n58, 128n76, 129n98, 134n137, 135n144, 135n148, 136n150, 137n169, 139, 142–5, 147, 151–3, 156–9, 162, 163, 165, 171, 173, 174, 175n4, 179n50, 181n76, 182n92, 189, 192, 195, 197, 203, 205–8, 211, 212, 216, 219, 221, 224–6, 231–3, 237, 238, 240, 241, 241n3, 246n45, 246n46, 247n65, 250n101, 254n142, 255n147, 258, 261, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 271, 273, 275–9, 281, 282, 285, 286, 287n23

Otto, Rudolf, 65n59

P pain, 14, 31, 40, 51, 65n57, 91, 92,

94, 96–8, 148, 171, 184n132, 201, 202, 211, 213, 214, 221, 226, 229, 230, 247n65, 259, 264, 283

316 Index

Peirce, Charles S., 121, 138n171, 190, 192, 242n7

Perry, Ralph Barton, 200, 203, 245n29, 245n30, 245n36

pessimism, 23n16, 200 pessimistic fi ction, 211 Phillips, D.Z., 4, 12, 13, 45, 48, 53,

70n101, 140, 142–6, 149, 150, 153, 154, 159, 164, 172, 175n4, 176n13, 176n14, 177n15, 177n16, 177n19, 177n22, 177n23, 178n28–178n30, 179n40, 179n41, 179n47, 179n51, 179n53, 179n54, 180n55, 180n57, 180n64, 180n68, 182n92, 184n130, 184n136–84n138, 246n45, 255n148, 264

philosophy of religion, 2–4, 19n3, 22n15, 26n33, 29, 45, 57n1, 57n2, 58n12, 69n94, 100, 138n170, 139, 143, 145, 148, 157, 175n1, 176n14, 177n24, 178n26, 178n29, 199, 205, 207, 287n23, 288n28

Plantinga, Alvin, 3, 19n5, 49, 156 pluralism, 20n5, 24n18, 191, 195,

196, 200, 203, 204, 241n1, 243n18, 266

positive thinking, 206, 253n137 possibility, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15,

17, 32, 33, 48, 52, 58n12, 84, 85, 100, 103, 105, 107, 110, 113, 114, 116, 120, 132n122, 139, 140, 147, 155–7, 159, 160, 165, 168, 172, 188, 196, 203–6, 216, 223, 231, 234–7, 239, 241,

244n44, 251n125, 252n133, 254n143, 255n147, 257–9, 261, 263, 266, 267, 269–74, 277, 279–81, 284, 286n10

post-Holocaust ethics, 11 pragmatism, 7, 13, 17, 19n4, 27n33,

67n68, 67n70, 69n94, 133n128, 187–255, 260, 272, 286n11, 289n44

prayer, 121, 142, 146, 166, 217 privacy, 211, 226, 227 Propp, Vladimir, 78 punishment, 32, 37, 38, 41, 62n42,

77–9, 97, 165, 236, 274

R radical evil, 8, 21n11, 30, 54, 56n1,

66n59, 78, 126n52, 158 Raphael, D.D., 266, 287n17 real generals, 3, 4, 6–9, 12, 14, 15,

37, 38, 46, 51, 54, 57n2, 58n8, 63n53, 83, 87, 90, 100, 104, 105, 107–10, 112, 114, 116, 119, 121, 126n56, 136n150, 137n167, 139, 140, 146, 148, 149, 151, 159, 162, 168, 178n28, 178n29, 182n92, 188, 192, 198, 199, 207, 208, 217, 219, 231, 233, 234, 240, 241n1, 242n10, 244n25, 244n27, 252n128, 254n143, 258, 259, 262, 263, 266–8, 270, 279–81, 288n24

realism, 14, 17, 138n171, 195, 233, 248n82, 267, 279

Index 317

reality, 5, 8, 13, 20n7, 23n16, 24n19, 27n35, 27n36, 43, 44, 47, 53, 74, 87–9, 103, 106, 114, 115, 126n52, 129n99, 138n171, 138n174, 146, 150, 151, 155, 156, 167, 168, 192, 194, 199–205, 207–9, 211, 212, 218–20, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233, 236, 239, 240, 242n10, 244n25, 249n89, 250n110, 258, 260, 263, 267, 268, 271, 281, 289n48

recognition, 53, 68n75, 102, 104, 131n103, 131n108, 147, 148, 175n1, 205, 206, 208, 238–40, 244n27, 262, 274, 276, 281

reconciliation, 49, 69n94, 74, 100, 103, 107–9, 115, 116, 118, 132n112, 202, 207 . See also forgiveness

Reilly, Patrick, 78, 84, 124n16, 124n20, 125n31, 126n48, 210, 212, 227, 246n47, 246n51, 247n54, 247n73, 248n79–248n81, 249n93, 250n104, 251n116, 255n147, 286n2

religion, 2–4, 12, 13, 19n3, 19n4, 22–3n15, 24n18, 24n19, 26–7n33, 26n24, 29, 43, 45, 47, 53, 56–7n1, 57n2, 58n12, 61n25, 69n94, 71n103, 84, 100, 125n40, 138n170, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 154, 156, 157, 159, 161, 175n1, 175n4, 176n13,

176n14, 177n24, 178n27, 178n29, 179n41, 182n89, 182n93, 189, 190, 199, 201, 205, 207, 209–17, 219, 227, 246n46, 255n147, 260, 261, 272, 287n23, 288n28

Rhees, Rush, 12 Ricoeur, Paul, 288n28 rituals, 215 Rorty, Richard, 13, 17, 26n32,

27n37, 64n54, 187–255, 261, 290n49

Roth, John K., 25n21, 66n62, 70n101, 180n64

Royce, Josiah, 201, 204

S Sartre, Jean-Paul, 2, 25n23, 126n47,

184n138, 192 Satan, 50, 64n54, 213 satire, 27n36, 60n20, 267 saying vs. said, 96 Scholem, Gershom, 219, 220 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 23n16 Seeskin, Kenneth, 264, 286n5,

287n12 self (selfhood), 6, 13, 27n35, 39, 43,

44, 59n18, 61n26, 79, 88, 100, 108, 123, 124n8, 133n128, 145, 182n93, 198, 200, 202, 214, 217, 220, 223, 225–30, 232, 233, 238, 241n1, 242n10, 244n24, 271, 272, 278, 282, 284, 289n44

senselessness, 93, 162, 262 Sheehan, Jonathan, 34, 59n19,

62n45

318 Index

sick soul, the, 15, 27n33, 202, 206, 207, 260–2

Sidney, Sir Philip, 228 Sihvola, Juha, 19n3, 104, 105, 108,

109, 119, 130n100, 130n101, 131n106, 137n168

Simpson, Mark, 57n2, 65n56, 275, 276, 288n28, 288n30

sin, 22n15, 24n16, 24n19, 31, 38, 52, 78, 112, 125, 130n101, 131n110, 153, 217, 236

sincerity (Aufrichtigkeit), 5, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21n10, 25n22, 28n82, 29–71, 92, 93, 95, 96, 99, 107, 127n69, 146, 199, 218, 219, 222–31, 233–6, 239–41, 250n102, 252n133, 253n140, 261, 278, 287n11

skeptical theism, 19n4, 88, 152, 177n25

skepticism, 128n76, 281 Small, Christopher, 26n30, 223,

247n59, 248n81, 249n95, 249n99

Socrates, 111 solipsism, 224, 249n98 Sölle, Dorothee, 44, 65n57, 285,

290n50 Soni, Vivasvan, 59n18, 62n30,

62n36, 79, 124n22 soul-making theodicy, 2, 176n13 Soviet Union, the, 222 Sprigge, T.L.S., 204, 205, 245n38,

246n40 Steiner, George, 265, 287n15 Stump, Eleonore, 49–52, 60n18,

68n77, 68n79, 69n94, 93, 145, 178n26

suff ering, 1, 32, 73, 139, 187, 257 suicide, 165, 201 superstition, 53, 141, 142, 157 Surin, Kenneth, 148, 179n41 Swinburne, Richard, 2, 19n5, 33,

142, 143, 146, 148, 150, 176n13, 176n14, 177n21

T teleology, 22n15, 40, 41, 58n13 testimony, 40, 62n40, 63n46, 117,

164, 167, 180n64, 279–84 theism, 2, 3, 19n4, 20n7, 23n15,

24n19, 47, 51, 69n94, 88, 103, 152, 154, 156, 159, 177n25, 195, 196, 198, 205, 206, 245n33

theodicism, 2–4, 7–9, 11, 22n15, 23n16, 24n19, 25n22, 25n23, 29, 34, 43, 48, 53, 61n28, 64n56, 70n99, 102, 103, 105, 113, 123, 142, 147–50, 154, 156, 157, 159, 201, 238, 271, 274, 275, 277, 278, 283–5, 289n48

theodicy, 1–3, 7, 8, 11, 13–16, 18n1, 19n3, 21n11, 22n15, 24n19, 24n20, 25n22, 26n24, 26n33, 29–35, 37, 38, 41, 43–56, 57n1, 58n8–58n10, 59n15, 66n59, 66n62, 67n75, 68n76, 69n94, 70n97, 70n98, 74, 85–99, 101–6, 115, 119, 120, 127n58, 127n69, 128n84, 130n101, 135n144, 141, 142, 145, 147, 148, 153, 154, 163,

Index 319

167, 172, 173, 176n13, 187–9, 191, 201, 205, 206, 208, 209, 212, 214, 215, 217, 220, 221, 223, 236, 238, 241n2, 248n77, 250n101, 257, 264–6, 274–8, 282, 288n28, 288n29, 289n47

Tilley, Terrence W., 22n15, 68n77, 241n2, 286n1, 288n28

torture, 23n16, 96–8, 137n167, 213, 229, 230, 232, 235

totalitarianism, 65n56, 212, 215, 236, 239, 249n89, 250n104, 252n133

tragedy, 12, 13, 35, 82, 207, 211, 246n44, 265, 266

Trakakis, Nicholas, 22n15, 286n1 transcendence (transcendent, the),

27n33, 76, 77, 82, 84, 90, 124n10, 155, 164

transcendental antitheodicism, 9, 27n36, 258, 264, 271, 272, 285

transcendental arguments, 15, 154, 157, 205, 257, 258, 263, 265, 266, 268, 270–2, 280, 284, 285

transcendental forgiveness, 102, 106–12, 114, 115, 119–23, 134n136, 274

transcendental philosophy, 63n53, 110, 133, 150, 156, 157, 272, 289n44

trial, 11, 12, 15, 25n24, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 59n18, 60n20, 70n97, 74, 75, 77–86, 98, 115, 117, 119, 123n8, 214, 269, 273, 274, 278

truth, 13–17, 26, 36, 39, 40, 42, 52, 63–4n54, 83, 86, 87, 95, 97, 105, 130n100, 146–9, 170, 171, 188–90, 197–9, 201, 202, 209, 211–14, 216–19, 221–6, 228–41, 248n82, 249n101, 251n125, 252n128, 252n133, 254n143, 255n148, 257–9, 261, 274, 279–81, 286n10, 286n11, 289n48

truthfulness, 11, 13, 14, 17, 39, 43, 50, 63–4n54, 86, 95, 96, 148, 187–255, 259, 272, 278–81

U unforgivable, the, 102, 103, 112,

113, 120, 121, 132n112, 135n148, 137n168, 138n173

utopia, 209–11, 218–22, 237, 253n139, 283

V van Inwagen, Peter, 3, 17, 19n5, 49,

248n77, 251n119 victims, 5, 12, 16, 38, 42, 45, 46,

50, 51, 61n26, 65n57, 74, 78, 87, 88, 92, 97, 98, 100–3, 108, 113, 116, 132n112, 138n173, 144, 191, 206, 208, 211, 214, 244n27, 262, 274–6

violence, 10, 11, 38, 39, 42, 116, 117, 214, 221, 238

320 Index

virtue, 11, 29, 32, 34–7, 43, 47, 50, 58n12, 59n18, 60n22, 64n53, 103, 155, 196, 213, 246n46, 278

Voltaire, 15, 25n24 von Stosch, Klaus, 19n3, 19n5,

20n7, 24n16, 57n1, 67n75 vulnerability, 69n94, 104, 120, 160,

192, 284

W Weltsch, Felix, 79, 124n17, 124n23,

125n35, 125n45 Wilcox, John T., 60n25, 70n98 Williams, Bernard, 63n54, 248n82 Winch, Peter, 12, 179n53 wisdom literature, 35 witnessing, 280

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 26n26, 27n37, 52, 53, 62n42, 110, 123, 127n69, 133n128, 133n129, 138n175, 139–85, 192, 240, 242n10, 243n15, 245n34, 246n45, 248n79, 254n143, 264, 268–70, 272, 273, 280–2, 284, 286n10, 287n21–3, 288n25, 288n28, 289n43–289n45

World War II, 40, 214

Z Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 214, 224,

247n70, 249n100, 250n104