AdWa

dvantaterp

tagesroofi

P

s of thng Syenetr

he Peystemron® A

enetrm witAdm

on® Ih a foix

ntegrocus

ral on

 

Conte

1. Intr

2. Pro

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4.

2.5.

2.6.

2.7.

2.8.

3. Wa

3.1.

3.2.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

ents

roduction ...

oblems asso

Corrosion

Carbonat

Cracking

3.1. Plast

3.2. Dryin

3.3. Ther

3.4. D-Cr

Alkali Silic

Damage d

Concrete

Sulfate at

Concrete

aterproofing

How it wo

Features

2.1. Perm

2.2. Self-

2.3. Corro

2.4. Prote

2.5. Prote

2.6. Crac

2.7. Incre

2.8. Resis

2.9. Chem

2.10. Resis

2.11. Com

2.12. Preve

2.13. Limit

2.13.1. Co

2.13.2. Ac

2.13.3. Co

.................

ociated with

n ................

ion ............

.................

tic shrinkag

ng shrinkage

mal cracks

racking ......

ca Reaction

due to freez

deterioratio

ttack ..........

structures

g with Penet

orks ...........

and benefit

manent conc

healing con

osion protec

ection again

ection again

k bridging a

ease in com

stance agai

mical resista

stance to fre

patibility wit

ention of Al

ations .......

old joints ....

ctive leaks ..

oncrete defe

 

..................

h concrete w

..................

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e cracking .

e ...............

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n (ASR) .....

ze-thaw cyc

on due to ch

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in marine e

tron Admix

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ts of Penetr

crete protec

ncrete .........

ction of rein

nst chloride

nst carbona

ability of Pe

pressive str

inst high wa

ance ..........

eeze-thaw c

th common

kali-Silica-R

..................

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ects ............

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waterproofin

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cles ............

hemical atta

..................

environment

..................

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ron Admix ..

ction ...........

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nforcement

penetration

tion ............

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rength ........

ater pressur

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cycles ........

ly-used con

Reaction (A

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ng .............

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ack ............

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ts ...............

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steel with P

n ................

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re ..............

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ASR) ...........

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designs (Pe

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Page | 1

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mix) .. 28

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3.2

3.2

4. At

5. Co

5.1.

6. Ap

6.1.

6.2.

6.3.

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.4.

6.5

7. Ap

7.1.

7.2.

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.3.

7.4.

7.5.

7.5

7.5

7.6

8. Ap

8.1.

8.2.

8.3.

8.4.

8.5.

9. Co

 

2.13.4. Str

2.13.5. Ex

one glance

omparison o

Comparis

plication ins

Descriptio

Dosage R

Mixing ....

3.1. Read

3.2. Read

3.3. Preca

3.4. Tech

Setting tim

5. Limitati

plication ins

Descriptio

Consump

2.1. Cons

2.2. Cons

2.3. Blind

Surface P

Mixing ....

Applicatio

5.1. Slurr

5.2. Dry p

6. Post tre

plication ins

Descriptio

Coverage

Applicatio

Curing ....

Technica

ontact and D

ructural crac

xposed conc

- Benefit ov

of Penetron

son between

structions –

on ..............

Rate ...........

.................

dy Mix Plan

dy Mix Plan

ast Batch P

hnical Servic

me and stre

ons ...........

structions –

on ..............

ption ..........

struction sla

struction join

ding concret

Preparation

.................

on ..............

ry consisten

powder con

eatment .....

structions –

on ..............

e ................

on Procedur

.................

l Services .

Disclaimer ..

 

cks ............

crete structu

verview .....

products w

n Penetron

– Penetron A

..................

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t – Dry Batc

t - Central M

Plant ...........

ces ............

ength ..........

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– Penetron .

..................

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abs .............

nts .............

te ...............

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sistency (fo

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– Penetron P

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ures (therm

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and hydrop

Admix ........

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Mix Operati

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or horizonta

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mal cracks)..

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phobic pore

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l surface on

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g systems ..

blockers ...

..................

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........ 30

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Table o 

Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6internalFigure 7EttringitFigure 8Figure 9Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1(ENCOFigure 1Sor, USFigure 1 ...........Figure 1Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2 ...........Figure 2Figure 2UniversFigure 2Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2

 

of Figures

1 Corrosion2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Scanning cracks due7 Detail of ate is also pr8 Examples9 Example 10 Example11 How Pen12 Scannin13 Test set14 Water flo15 Water flo16 Excerpt:, 2006) ......17 Excerpt:

SA, 2005) ...18 Excerpt:..................19 Seawall 20 The Cap21 Backsca22 Needle-l23 Excerpt:..................24 OFI sam25 Excerpt:sity of Bolog26 Universi27 Universi28 Milan So29 SABESP

n stages .....of plastic shof drying shof thermal cof D-crackin electron me to ASR; craggregate sresent withis of ASR daof freeze-th

e of concretnetron workg Electron Mup, MFPA Low through ow through Permeabil................. Chloride p................. Results of .................treated with

pri, Miami Battered Eleclike, elonga Permeabil.................

mple set-up Test result

gna, Italy, 20ty of Bolognty of Bologn

outh Waste P Sewage T

 

..................hrinkage crahrinkage cracracking ....ng ..............icroscope iracks extenshowing alkn some cra

amage ........haw damagete damage cks ...............MicroscopeLeipzig, Ger0.2mm cra0.25mm crity of Penet..................ermeability ..................the rapid c..................h Penetron ay, USA. B

ctron Image ated Penetroity results o..................(Penetron “ts for Penet005 ...........na: Chemicna: ChemicWater Trea

Treatment P

..................acks ...........acks ...............................................mage of ch

nd into the akali-silica gecks ..............................e on roads caused by c..................

e Photograprmany, 200ck at water

rack at watetron-Admix-..................of Penetro..................hloride pen..................Admix, Por

Basement st(BEI) of Pe

on forming iof cracked c..................“sandwich-stron Admix ..................

cal resistanccal resistancatment PlanPlant, Brazil

..................

..................

..................

..................

..................ert aggrega

adjacent cemel extruded ....................................and bridge chemical at..................

ph of Penetr06 ...............

pressures er pressures-treated con..................n Admix (AA..................etration tes..................rtocel, Aractructure treaenetron crysin the crack

concrete sam..................system”) ....under 20 ba..................ce test - Tesce test - resnt, Italy .......l .................

..................

..................

..................

..................

..................ate particle wment paste into cracks ....................................decks ........tack .............................ron crystals ..................of 0.1, 0.5 as of 0.1, 0.5ncrete vs. co..................ASHTO-T-2..................

st at Sardar ..................ruz, Brazil..

ated with Pestals forminks ...............mples treate....................................ar head wat..................st set up .....ults ................................................

..................

..................

..................

..................

..................with numer.................within the c

..................

..................

..................

..................

..................s ...................................and 1.0 bar

5 and 1.0 baontrol samp..................277: Shime..................Patel, India

..................

..................enetron Admg in a crack..................ed with Pen....................................ter pressure..........................................................................................

Page | 3

.......... 5

.......... 8

.......... 8

.......... 8

.......... 8 ous .......... 9 concrete. .......... 9 .......... 9 ........ 10 ........ 11 ........ 13 ........ 13 ........ 14

r ....... 15 ar ..... 15 ple ........ 17 l and ........ 18 a, 2009........ 18 ........ 19 mix ... 19 k. ...... 20 ........ 20

netron........ 21 ........ 21 e, ........ 25 ........ 26 ........ 27 ........ 28 ........ 28

 

1. Intr 

Penetrothree deThis docontact

The texPenetrodurabili

2. Pro 

Concrepossessshapedhigh-qustage ointerfaczone, ware protemperatransitiopores aporosityThis wildamagedeterior

Water (agent foform of importaexposu

With eawater a

The proconstan

The foll

 

roduction

on integral cecades to e

ocument exp with water

xt further elaon® integral ty of concre

oblems ass

te is the moses a relativ rather eas

uality concreof the concrecial transmiswhich existsne to crackature stresson zone areand microcray of the conll result in ces caused bration and w

(seawater, gor both creaconcrete de

ance, the prre to cycles

ach of theseare implicate

oblem of pontly exposed

owing chap

concrete caeffectively wplains the mand under

aborates onconcrete c

ete and effe

ociated wit

ost commonvely good reily into varioetes – is a pete will leavssion zones between thing during tses and extee usually laracks (especcrete matrixorrosion of by water-boweakening t

groundwateation and deeteriorationincipal caus

s of freezing

e four causeed in the me

rosity and cd to differen

pter focuses

 

apillary watewaterproof amost commo

different en

n how to addapillary wat

ectively prot

th concrete

nly-used maesistance toous shapes porous mateve millions os (IZT) – a phe hydratedhe hardeninernally applger than mocially if interx and will athe embedd

orne salts anthe strength

er, river wateestruction o. Field expeses for deteg and thawin

es of concreechanisms o

cracking of cnt loads, str

s on the maj

erproofing sand protect on problemsnvironmenta

dress and pterproofing tect structur

e waterpro

an made coo water and and sizes.erial. Evapoof pores andpart of the cd cement pang stage of lied loads. Tost capillaryrconnectedllow air andded reinforcnd chemicah of the con

er, lake watof concrete –erience shoerioration arng, alkali-si

ete deterioraof expansio

concrete is ress redistri

ajor deterior

ystems areconcrete sts associateal conditions

prevent thessystems in res.

oofing

onstruction md structural c

Despite its orating exced capillaries

concrete micaste and lar

the concretThese microy cavities prthroughout

d water to encement stee

als and furthcrete, direc

ter, snow, ic– and is dee

ows that, in re the corroslica reaction

ation, the peon and crac

increased ibution and

ation cause

being usedructures arod with concs.

se problemsorder to en

material in tconcrete eledurability, c

ess water ins in concretecrostructurege particleste due to shocracks in tresent in thet the concrenter the harel and in othher contributctly affecting

ce and vapoeply involveorder of decsion of reinfn, and chem

ermeability king.

in structurestectonic sei

es of concre

d for more tound the wocrete structu

s with the hnhance the

the world. Itements canconcrete –

n the hydrate. Further t

e that descrs of aggregahrinkage, the interfacie concrete.

ete) increaserdened concher concrette to the g its durabil

or) is a primed in nearly creasing forced steemical attack

and presen

s that are ismic influe

ete:

Page | 4

han orld. ure in

elp of

t n be even ion he ibes the ate –

ial The

e the crete. e

ity.

mary every

l, k.

nce of

nces.

 

2.1. 

The corespeciaelectrocaccompoxidatiois then complestrength

Corrosisteel anconcretthe less

If only othe conintroduc

Figure 1

Hydratecalciumalkalineand stroonce ththe pH passivitthe paschloridesalt solu

 

Corrosion

rrosion of thally concretechemical prpanied by aon - can be leading to cte loss of thh and ultima

on can occnd aluminumte then effecs active met

one type of centration oced to the c

Corrosion st

ed Portland m hydroxide e environmeongly adhere alkalies aof the concty of steel a

ssivating filme in concretutions and s

he steel reine that is locrocess and n increase as much as

concrete exhe concreteately its failu

ur when twom), becausectively becotal corrodes

steel is preof dissolvedconcrete by

tages

cement coin order to

ent (pH valurent iron-oxand most of rete surrou

and allowingm is destroye are admixseawater.

 

nforcement ated near obasically is in volume (ws 600 percepansion ancover. The

ure.

o dissimilar e each metaomes a batts.

sent in the d ions, suchwater pene

ntains alkalmaintain an

ue above 11ide film thatthe calcium

nding the reg the corrosyed even at xtures, salt-

is the mostor under wa

the transfowhich in so

ent of the ord cracking,

e final result

r metals areal has a unitery. When

concrete, ch as alkaliesetrating into

lies in the pn alkalinity l1.5) normal t makes the

m hydroxideeinforcemenion processpH values

-contaminat

t common ster. Corrosirmation of m

ome cases –riginal steel)

followed byt will be the

e embeddedique electrothe metals

corrosion is s and chlorid the pores a

ore fluid anlevel with a steel and ir

e metals pae have eithent may drops to start. Inof above 11ted aggrega

ource of dison of steel metallic iron– depending). This expay spalling anweakening

d into concreochemical pare in conta

generated bdes. These and microcr

d a sufficiepH value a

ron form a tssive to cor

er carbonatep below 11.5 the presen

1.5. The maate and pen

stress in cois an

n to rust, whg on the staansion of thend eventua

g of the struc

ete (such apotential. Thact in an ele

by differenc ions are racks.

nt amount oabove 12. Inthin, impermrrosion. Howed or leache5 destroying

nce of chlorain causes onetration of

Page | 5

ncrete,

hich is ate of e rebar lly to a ctures’

s e.g. he ectrolyte,

ces in

of solid n an meable wever, ed away, g the ide ions of deicing

 

2.2. 

Carbonwith hydhydroxi

This reairon-oxi

Carbonof carbo25% relAbove 7inducedshaded

Carboncorrosiorequiredto 11, thchloridenot influ

2.3.

Cracks and checan havtypes of

Plastic before iplaced developconcretnature aa possistarting

Carbonatio

ation occurdroxides, sude, calcium

action reducde film of th

ation is higonation occlative humid75% relatived corrosion from sunlig

ation of conon. In new cd to start cohe chloride e ions, howeuence the ra

Cracking

generally inemicals to eve a numbef cracks in c

2.3.1. Plas

shrinkage cit has set. Tconcrete ex

p in the weate below theand do not ble entry-po point of the

on

rs when caruch as calc

m carbonate

ces the pH he steel is n

hly dependecur when thedity, the dege humidity, often occur

ght, and hav

ncrete also concrete witorrosion of ethreshold foever, carboate of corro

ncrease theenter the coer of causesconcrete str

stic shrinka

cracks occuThis happenxceeds the ak, hardenine drying surintersect thoint for watee deteriorat

 

rbon dioxideium hydroxis formed.

of the pore not stable a

ent on the re relative hugree of carbmoisture in

rs on areas ve low conc

lowers the th a pH of 1embedded sor corrosionnation destsion.

e porosity ofoncrete and s. In this docructures.

ge cracking

ur due to a rns when therate at whicng plastic corface layer. e perimeterer and chemion process

e from the aide, to form

solution to nd corrosio

relative humumidity is mbonation than the pores

of building crete cover

amount of c12 to 13, absteel. If, hown is significatroys the pa

f concrete aaccelerate

cument we

g

rapid loss ofe rate of evach bleed waoncrete as aPlastic shrir of the slabmicals into ts.

air penetratem carbonates

as low as 8n will set in

midity of themaintained bat takes plarestricts COfacades thaover the re

chloride ionbout 7,000 towever, the pantly lower—assive film o

and allow wits deterioronly want t

f water fromaporation ofater can repa result of tnkage crac

b. However,the concrete

es the concrs. In the rea

8.5, at which.

concrete. Tbetween 50%ce is consid

O2 penetratat are exposinforcing ste

s needed too 8,000 ppmpH is lowere

—at or belowof the reinfor

ater and waation. Cracko focus on t

m the surfacf surface molace it. Tenhe restraintks are usua like every c

e structure a

rete and reaaction with c

h level the p

The highest% and 75%dered insigntion. Carbonsed to rainfeel.

o promote m of chloridred to a rangw 100 ppmrcement, bu

ater-borne sking of concthe most co

ce of concreoisture of fr

nsile stresset provided bally shallow crack they and as such

Page | 6

acts calcium

passive

t rates %. Below nificant. nation-fall,

es are ge of 10 . Like ut does

salts crete ommon

ete reshly es by the

in provide h a

 

As almocementto shrincauses the mos

Thermastructurthe coorestraincracks watmospto heat contracand conover tim

D-cracpavemeconcretbegins bottom

2.3.2. Dry

ost every cot, much of thkage, provitensile stre

st common

2.3.3. The

al cracking tre or its surr

oler portion ont causes tewill occur. I

pheric tempeup and exp

ction of the cntraction of

me.

2.3.4. D-C

king is a forents (usuallte ultimatelyto crack anof the slab

ing shrinkag

oncrete mixhe remaininded by the

esses to devcause of co

ermal cracks

takes placeroundings. Tover the wa

ensile stressn some climerature diffepand. At nigconcrete mathe concret

Cracking

rm of freezey taking pla

y saturates d subsequeand progre

 

ge

x design conng water evasubgrade,

velop in theoncrete crac

s

if an excesThis differe

armer part oses that excmate zones erences. Duht the air teass. This cate in air tem

e-thaw-cycleace along ththe aggregaently crack oesses upwar

ntains moreaporates, creinforceme

e hardened cking.

ssive tempence in temp

of the concrceed the plathermal cra

uring daytimemperature an cause co

mperature di

e deteriorathe joints). Wate. Once fropen the cords to the s

e water thanausing the ent or anothconcrete. R

erature diffeperature cauete. This re

aced concreacks can oc

me high temfalls signific

oncrete to cifferences th

tion and ofteWater accumree-thaw cyoncrete. Thiurface.

n is needed concrete to her part of thRestraint to d

rence existsuses a highstrains the

ete’s tensile ccur as a resperatures ccantly and lcrack. Due these cracks

en observedmulation in tycles set in ts process u

to hydrate o shrink. Reshe structuredrying shrin

s within a cher contractcontraction

e strength, thsult of the

cause the coeading to ato the expans widen furt

d in concrethe base of the aggregausually start

Page | 7

the straint e, nkage is

concrete ion of

n. If the hermal

oncrete a nsion ther

te the ate ts at the

 

Figure 2 E

Figure 4 E

2.4.

Alkali-stogetheserious sometimin the aaggregaincreasfailure o

In orderfrom oth

Example of plas

Example of ther

Alkali Silic

ilica reactioer with the m expansion

mes necessalkaline cemate (e.g. ches in volumof concrete.

r for ASR toher sources

stic shrinkage c

rmal cracking

a Reaction

on (ASR) is much less co

and crackinsary demolit

ment pore soert, quartzit

me by taking. This gel ca

o occur in cos), a reactiv

 

cracks

(ASR)

the most coommon formng in concretion. ASR isolution in thete, opal, stra

g up water aan occur in

oncrete a se aggregate

ommon formm alkali-carete, resultins caused bye concrete ained quart

and so exertcracks and

ufficiently he (e.g. cher

Figur

Figur

m of alkali-arbonate-reang in major sy a reaction and reactivtz crystals). ts an expan even within

high alkali cort or quartzit

re 3 Example of

re 5 Example of

aggregate rection ACR –structural pof betweene forms of sA gel is pro

nsive pressun the aggre

ontent of thete) and fina

f drying shrinka

f D‐cracking

eaction (AA– and can c

problems ann the hydroxsilica in the oduced, thaure, resultin

egate particl

e cement (oally water is

Page | 8

age cracks

AR) – cause nd xyl ions

at ng in the es.

or alkali needed

 

for the rsilica ge

The besavailablequivaleequivale3.5kg/m

Figure 6 SaggregateASR; crack

Figure 8 E

2.5. 

In cold attributaworks. Wconcretwill expgenerat

reaction. If el formation

st way to avle. In this caent (in %) oent value do

m3).

Scanning electroe particle with nks extend into 

Examples of AS

Damage d

climates daable to freezWater molete pores and

pand in voluted by the e

no water is n requires w

void ASR isase it is essof all producoes not exc

on microscopenumerous intethe adjacent ce

R damage

due to freeze

amage to coze-thaw cyc

ecules are vd capillariesme and dila

expansion. T

 

present in twater.

s to use nonsential for thcts used in tceed the acc

 image of chertrnal cracks dueement paste

e-thaw cycl

oncrete pavcles is one overy small as. Once watate the concThis pressu

the concret

n-reactive aghe concretethe concreteceptable am

t e to 

Figureextruprese

es

vements, retof the majo

and thereforter has entecrete pore oure will slow

te, no ASR w

ggregates, mix designe mix. This mount per m

e 7 Detail of agded into cracksent within some

taining wallsr causes fo

re able to peered the capor cavity by

wly – over th

will take pla

which are nner to be awis to ensure

m3 (usually s

ggregate showis within the coe cracks

s, bridge der repair andenetrate evepillary systeexerting hy

he span of m

ace as the a

not always ware of the Ne that the Nset around

ng alkali‐silica oncrete. Ettring

ecks and rad maintenanen the finesem and freeydraulic presmultiple cyc

Page | 9

alkali-

Na2O-Na2O

gel gite is also 

ilings nce st ezes it ssure les –

 

widen tthe conDamagconcretdrasticawhich cconcretchloride

Figure 9 E

 

2.6. 

A well-hvalues rconditiothe pH or fasteporositycombincontinu

Chemiccalciummagnesthat invattacks

he pores orcrete wherees caused te due to proally enhancecan lead to mte will ultimae and water

Example of free

Concrete d

hydrated ceranging fromons and thelevel. Depe

er. The effecy and permeation of thee and acce

cal attacks im salts, insosium salts. olve the for, delayed et

r capillariese the procesby freeze-thogressive eed if moistumaximum sately exposer penetration

eze‐thaw dama

deterioratio

ement pastem 12.5 to 13 concrete th

ending on thcts of concreability, cra

e physical delerate the d

nvolve attacluble and nIn the followrmation of ettringite form

 

. Once the wss is repeathaw cycles expansion oure and deicscaling of the the emben.

ge on roads an

n due to ch

e provides a3.5. As a rehis alkaline he acidity ofretes under cking and seterioration

deterioration

cks by acidon-expansi

wing contexexpansive pmation, alka

water in theted once thare most co

of the cemencing salts –he concrete edded reinfo

nd bridge decks

emical atta

a very alkaliesult of the cenvironmen

f the attackichemical a

spalling and and persis

n of the con

ic solutionsve calcium

xt this documroducts (duali-aggregat

e pores thawe water in fommonly crnt paste. Thused in roasurface. Sp

orcement st

s 

ck

ne environmcontact betwnt is disturbng chemicattack alway

d subsequenting exposucrete over t

s promoting salts and s

ment will focue to internate reaction (

ws it will advreezes agaracking andhe freeze-thad maintenapalling and ceel to corro

ment in conween acidic

bed and leadal concrete dys result in antly in a losure to the chtime.

the formatiolutions concus on otheal stress), su(AAR) and c

vance deepain and so fod spalling of haw effect isance – are pcracking of

osion due to

ncrete with pc environmed to a lowerdeterioratesan increasess of strengthemical atta

on of solubntaining

er chemical uch as sulfacorrosion.

Page | 10

per into orth. fs present, the

o

 

pH ental ring of s slower

e of the th. The ack

le

attacks ate

 

2.7. 

Sulfate gradual

Crackineasily adeterior

A weakthe aggconsidecementpaste aformatiowhen susilicate expans

2.8.

In a maThese isalts ancorrosiointermin

Sulfate att

attacks canl decrease i

ng and spallas a direct reration of the

kening of thegregates, suered as intet containingand the aggron of ettringulfate ions rhydrate. Onion that lea

Concrete s

arine environnclude prim

nd chlorideson of the rengling of the

Figure 10 E

ack

n result eithin the comp

ling allows aesult of incr

e affected co

e concrete iuch as causrnal sulfate an unusuaregate-cemgite around released bynce the sulfds to crack

structures in

nment concmarily the chs during wetinforcemenese effects

 

Example of con

er in an exppressive stre

aggressive reased permoncrete. Th

is achieved sed by delay

attack as itally high sulfent paste inthe aggrega

y the decomfate ions areing.

n marine en

crete is expohemical reatting/drying t steel and concrete st

ncrete damage 

pansion andength.

and corrosmeability, whis is also kn

through theyed ettringitt involves sfate contentnterface resates. DEF o

mposition of e desorbed

nvironments

osed to a coction of seaconditions,physical ero

tructures in

caused by chem

d cracking o

ive (groundwhich will effnown as ex

e detachmete formationulfate ions ct). DEF causulting from occurs in thettringite a, the re-form

s

ombination awater with freeze-thawosion due tomarine env

mical attack

of concrete

) water to pfectively accternal sulfa

ent of the cen (DEF), whcontained inses cracks an expanse late ages re absorbedmation of et

of deteriorathe concretw-cycles in o wave acti

vironments b

 

or lead to a

penetrate mcelerate the

ate attack.

ement pastehich is usuan the concrein the cemeion due to t

s of the concd by calciumttringite cau

ation effectste, penetratcold climaton. Due to bear higher

Page | 11

a

more e

e from lly ete (e.g. ent the crete m-uses

s. tion of tes,

r risks of

 

deteriordurabili

3. Wat 

Penetroadvancrelated unusua

Penetroindustryadmixtuthe w/c cementan effeccountle

Penetrowater (Ncontain certifica

When acatalystplace instrengththe incrconcret

3.1. 

Penetrobetweemixing tAdmix rcontaincapillarformed,chemicastill alloavoiding

ration and sty of these

terproofing

on Admix, aed formula with 1st an

ally long dela

on Admix cay. It doesn’tures such aratio of the

t) it is not onctive formulss projects

on Admix is NSF 61 app any volatile

ation points.

applied to ct to un-hydrn the early sh build up crease in comte is provide

How it wor

on Admix is n 0.8-1% bytruck on sitereact with wed in the coies, micro-c, the crystalals from en

owed to pasg build-up o

special consstructures.

g with Pene

a 3rd generato effectived 2nd geneays of the s

an be appliet have any ks retarders

e concrete tonly one of tha that has bworldwide.

a non-toxicproval, Euroe organic co.

concrete Perated cemenstages of thcompensatinmpressive sed.

rks

added to thy weight of e before the

water, calciuoncrete to focracks and vl formationstering and ms through th

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etron Adm

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he concretecement (alt

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should be t

ix

lline, concreoof concreteixtures such.

ommonly-usmpatibilitiesastizicers and. With dosast-efficient an in many in

nd is approvronmental L(VOC) and

mix assists ialready exieaction resuextent the fthe same t

e mix at the ternatively Pis poured). de and alumof insolubleto 0.4mm fo

nt water, waough the cone formation

taken into a

ete-enhance structuresh as loss of

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ved for use License). Peis used in g

in the hydrasting in the ulting in theformation oime a longe

time of batPenetron AThe activat

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ccount in or

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te mix in todworkability

e no limitatioas low as 0

mic waterprol laboratory

in projects enetron Admgreen projec

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e developmef shrinkage

er workabilit

ching at dosdmix can being chemicaell as other hese crysta

me of the cosalts and a wprotect it pethe concret

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ure, is the mes problemsve strength

day’s’ const enhancingons in rega.8% (by weoofing choicy tests and o

involving pmix does nocts acquirin

ss acting asThis alreadyent of intern

e cracks as wty of the fre

sage rates e added intals of Penemetal oxide

als seal all eoncrete. Onwide range ermanentlyte to breath

Page | 12

ure the

most s and

truction

rds to eight of ces, but on

otable ot g LEED

s a y takes nal well as sh

o the tron es existing nce

of . Air is

he and

 

Penetrocompre

In additactivatinthe Penchemicaheal” th

Figure 1

3.2. 

 

PenetrointegralcapillarOnce thmatrix tthe con(membr

will remthe surfapplicat

 

on Admix wessive stren

tion Penetrong chemicanetron Admal reaction w

he new crac

1 How Penetr

Features a

3.2.1. Per

on Admix is part of the ies, pores ahese crystathey will stacrete itself ranes, ceme

main its wateface is damtion.

ill subsequegth and red

on Admix wals remain dix componewill resume

ck, sealing it

ron works

and benefits

rmanent con

a permaneconcrete b

and microcrl formations

ay there for tinto the watentitious co

erproofing aaged. Pene

 

ently enhanduced shrink

ill provide adormant in tents are act automaticat off comple

s of Penetro

ncrete prote

ent applicatiy forming in

racks in cons have devethe lifetime ter barrier.

oatings) Pen

and protectioetron Admix

nce concretekage cracks

a “self-healinhe concreteivated by anally and theetely.

on Admix

ection

ion. It becomnsoluble cryncrete of up eloped in thof the concUnlike barrinetron-treat

on propertiex does not r

e propertiess.

ng” concrete for years. ny penetrat developing

mes an ystals in the

to 0.4mm. e concrete

crete turningier productsted concrete

es even if require re-

s resulting in

e. In absenIf cracks ocing moistur

g crystals w

g s e

FigureMicro

P

n an increa

nce of moistccur at any re. As a res

will practicall

e 12 Scanningoscope PhotoPenetron crys

Page | 13

sed

ture the time ult the y “self-

g Electron ograph of stals

 

 

Penetrohealing crystalscracks Admix wcracks a

A test pPenetrocontain(contain(containcreate aat eachfigure 1over timthe preswas mepressurobserve

               1 MFPA Lconcrete

3.2.2. Self

on Admix is concrete. B

s in cracks ain the structwill resumeas well.

performed aon Admix-treing concretning 1% Pening 1% Pea joint of 0.2 of the joint3). It was o

me. Once thssure was reasured. Aftre was raiseed.

                      Leipzig GmbHtest specimen

f-healing co

an active wBeing a hydand voids oture – even. Penetron c

at the MFPAeated conce cubes wenetron Admnetron Adm2mm, 0.25mts and the flobserved thae water-flow

raised to 0.5ter the flow ed to 1.0 ba

Figure

                      H, Germany – Dns with and wi

 

oncrete

waterproofindrophilic prof the concre years aftercrystal form

A in Leipzig,rete. In orde

ere producemix by weighmix). After cumm. A 0.1 bow-throughat the waterw reached a5 bar (5m wwas reduce

ar (10m wate

13 Test setu

 Department oithout adding t

ng admixturoduct Penetete. Should r constructio

mations will

, Germany1

er to simulaed by placinht of cemenuring the tw

bar (1m wath of water thr-flow throua value of le

water-columed to less ther-column).

up, MFPA Leip

of Structural Enthe sealing ag

re that provitron Admix new water

on – the chedevelop an

examined ate the self-g new, Adm

nt) onto alrewo halves wter-column) hrough at bogh the jointess than 5 c

mn) and the whan 5 cubic. In both cas

pzig, German

ngineering: “Agent Penetron

ides projectreacts with enter throu

emical reacd ultimately

the self-heahealing effe

mix-treated cady cured cere forced awater press

oth joints was continuoucubic centimwater-flow tcentimeter

ses a sealin

ny, 2006

pplication-techAdmix (May 3

ts with a semoisture to

ugh newly foction of Peny seal these

aling behavects crack-concrete concrete apart by wesure was aas measure

usly decreasmeters per hthrough thers per hour ng of the joi

chnology tests 31, 2007)”

Page | 14

lf-o form ormed etron

e new

ior of

edges to pplied ed (see sed hour,

e joint the nts was

on

 

Followin0.5 bar,

The selchemicathe late

 

ng tables sh, 1.0 bar).

Figure 14

Figure 15 W

f-healing prals and othe

er stage in th

how the wa

Water flow th

Water flow th

roperties of er corrosivehe lifetime o

 

ter flow thro

hrough 0.2mm

rough 0.25m

Penetron Ae agents froof the struct

ough the joi

m crack at wa

m crack at w

Admix-treateom entering ture.

ints at differ

ater pressure

water pressure

ed concretethe concre

rent water p

es of 0.1, 0.5 a

es of 0.1, 0.5

e prevent pete through c

pressures (0

and 1.0 bar

and 1.0 bar

enetration ocracks that

Page | 15

0.1 bar,

of water, form in

 

 

By sealformatiocorrosivand othby breathe prot

A test ppenetrathe con

In the sof cemepressurthe samadditionatm (5 b

The Pewater presults.

               2 Evaluat(second t

3.2.3. Cor

ing the capons Penetrove chemicaher chemicaaking down tective coat

performed aation (reductrol concret

second serieent) were wre of 9 atm

mples with anal 10-20 dabar).

netron Admpenetration c

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rrosion prote

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als are preve(lowering oting of the re

at the renowtion of permte.

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(9 bar) (10 a w/c ratio oays until the

mix-treated scompared t

                      cacy of the ad

ENCO Laborato

 

ection of rei

res and micreduces the way into theented from f the pH levebar.

wned ENCOmeability) in

st concrete for 10 daysdays for the

of 0.43). Thee start of the

samples (w/o the contro

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inforcemen

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vels) the alk

O Laboratoryto Penetron

samples co. The sampe samples we samples we actual wa

w/c=0.65) shol sample. T

ron Admix and06

t steel with

f concrete wy of the constructure. W

he reinforcekaline surrou

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ontaining 1%ples were thwith a w/c rawere then ater permea

how a signifThe table be

d Penetron in p

Penetron A

with insolublncrete and dWater-bornement steel aunding of th

hows a reduated concre

% Penetronen subjecteatio of 0.65 gain placedbility tests w

icant improvelow shows

porous and cr

Admix

e crystal denies watee salts, chloand start co

he concrete

uction of waete compare

n Admix (byed to a wateand 20 day

d in water fowith a press

vement in ts the detaile

racked concre

Page | 16

er and rides orrosion and

ater ed to

y weight er ys for or an sure of 5

he ed

etes

 

Figure 16

Apart fr(Penetrpreventpreventdue to wdiffusiothe rein

 

Chloridemass u

Indepenlow (<0treated 3 to 114

               3 ElectrocStuttgart,4 Testing Report N

6 Excerpt: Pe

rom isolatingron is Portlat the steel frting solublewater migran, Penetron

nforcing stee

3.2.4. Pro

es are the msually by m

ndent testin.10% aggreconcrete w

4.

                      chemical analy, Germany, 20of Penetron W

No. 93-3981, 1

ermeability of

g the reinfoand cement rom corrodi alkaline sa

ation and byn will help toel.

tection aga

major factormigration into

ng has estabegate3) and

was found to

                      lysis of a conc008 Waterproofing993

 

f Penetron-Ad

orcement ste–based) hang by addin

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inst chloride

r in precipitao the capilla

blished thatits waterpro

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g Materials for

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eel from theas an alkalinng more alk

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e penetratio

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t the chloridoofing effecnt to acidic

“PENETRON A

Chemical Res

concrete vs.

e external enity of arou

kalinity to th) from being

ete matrix toenvironme

on

sion in concover time.

de content octs are not rand alkalin

ADMIX” accor

sistance; Shim

. control sam

nvironmentnd pH 11 ane mix. Moreg flushed ouo reduce carnt that is ne

crete and en

of Penetron related to che conditions

rding to DIN V

mel and Sor Te

mple (ENCO, 2

t, cured Pennd will thuseover, by ut of the corbon dioxid

ecessary to

nter the con

Admix itselhlorides. Pes ranging fr

V 18998 [1], M

Testing Labora

Page | 17

2006)

netron

ncrete e gas protect

ncrete

lf is very enetron-rom pH

MFPA

atories Inc.,

 

Internatthe penundertamore th

Figure 17

In anoth(RCPT)penetra

Figure 18

As provas it preconcret

Structursea walare espstructur

               5 Laborat2005 6 PerformMumbai,

tional tests netration of caking in 200han 80% co

7 Excerpt: Ch

her test6 Pe) according ation of over

8 Excerpt: Re

ven in the aevents the ite structure

res exposedlls, etc.) wh

pecially suscres effective

                      tory Tests of P

mance evaluatIndia, 2009

have showchloride ion

055, Penetrompared to t

hloride perme

enetron Admto ASTM C

r 45% betw

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d to cyclic were salt ladceptible to cely against c

                      Penetron Adm

tion of waterpr

 

n that Penens into the con Admix-trethe control s

eability of Pe

mix-treated cC1202. The

een the con

rapid chlorid

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wetting and en media achloride ionchloride pen

 ix in Concrete

roofing produc

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enetron Admi

concrete waresults belontrol sample

de penetration

etron significs, which allo

drying, sucare in direct ingress. Pnetration an

e, Sor Testing

cts based on c

x-treated coa test acco

rete reduce

x (AASHTO-T

as tested foow show a ce and the P

n test at Sard

cantly reducow chloride

ch as marin(or indirect

Penetron Adnd water ing

Laboratories,

crystallization;

ncretes signording to AAd the chlori

T-277: Shime

or Rapid Chclear reductenetron Ad

dar Patel, Indi

ces chloridee ions to mig

e structures) contact w

dmix help togress.

Inc., USA Re

Sardar Patel

nificantly reASHTO-T-2ide permea

l and Sor, US

hloride Penetion of chlormix sample

ia, 2009

e ion penetrgrate throug

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eport No. 05-4

l College of En

Page | 18

educe 77 bility by

SA, 2005)

etration ride e.

ration gh the

piers, crete, ese

070A,

ngineering,

 

Figure 19Portocel

Another In practcarbonaWhere bar, cor The rateincludincompacThe wato 0.60 concretper yea Penetronarrowicarbon tracts thestabliscarbon

Crackinconcretof wate PenetropassagDue to as soon

9 Seawall tre, Aracruz, Br

3.2.5. Pro

r factor for c

tice, the atmation procescarbonationrrosion of th

e at which cng the humidction and cu

ater/cement will double

te, the carboar.

on drasticalng the capidioxide gas

he amount oshed that evdioxide gas

3.2.6. Cra

ng is an inevte. The larger and corros

on will seal e-way into tthe self-hean as moistu

ated with Penrazil

tection aga

corrosion is

mospheric ess progressn progressehe re-bar wi

carbonationdity of the curing as weratio is partthe rate of

onation rate

ly reduces cllary tracts.

s will be inhof gas able ven though s was reduc

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vitable resuer the cracksive agents

shrinkage cthe concretaling ability re enters.

 

netron Admix

inst carbon

s carbonatio

environmentsively reduces far enougll be initiate

n progresseconcrete, exll as the waticularly impcarbonation

e may be ne

carbonationBy produciibited and ato penetratthe crystal

ced by 42%

ability of P

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cracks, poree and proteof Penetron

x, Figustru

ation

on.

t slowly perces the pH ogh into the ced.

s in concretxposure conater/cement portant. Incrn because oegligible wh

n by reducining a strongas the crystte the concrgrowth stru

% when com

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ring processe susceptibl

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ure 20 The Caucture treated

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te dependsnditions, conratio of thereasing the of increased

hile low qua

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uctures are bpared to a r

s and increae the concr

llaries of upm corrosion

new cracks

apri, Miami Bad with Penetro

e concrete ssolution in trface to rea

on a numbncrete qualiconcrete mwater/ceme

d porosity. Ility concrete

sity of the cconcrete thth blocks anreduced. Rebreathable, reference c

ases the peete become

p to 0.4mm and resulti

s are repaire

ay, USA. Bason Admix

surface. Thisthe affectedach the rein

ber of factority and stre

mix. ent ratio froIn good quaes may sho

concrete andhe diffusion nd fills the cecent studie the diffusio

concrete.

ermeability oes towards

blocking theng deteriora

red automat

Page | 19

sement

s d area. forcing

rs ngth,

om 0.45 ality ow 1mm

d of

capillary es have on of

of the ingress

e ation. tically

 

Figure 2Penetron In orderENCO

The tesprepare

‐ ‐

‐ ‐

‐ At the ereferencimperm The res

               7 MicroscPte Ltd., 8 Evaluattest serieLaborato

1 Backscatten crystals for

r to demonsLaboratory8

sts were pered:

curing for 5cracking by15x15x15 ccement; curing for 5grinding anthen in quacuring at 20

end of the 6ce pieces p

meability test

sults of thes

                      copic analysis Singapore, 20

tion of the effices) C) Effect ory, Italy, 2005

ered Electron rming in a cra

strate the cr8 in Italy.

rformed on

5 days at 20y means of cm test cub

5 days at 20nd sealing wantities of 1k0°C and RH

60 days bothprepared ust according

se tests are

                      of the concre

002 cacy of the adf Penetron tre

5

 

Image (BEI) ack7.

rack sealing

10x10x10c

0°C and RHthe Braziliae with high

0°C and RHwith water/Pkg/m2 alongH >95% for 2

h the crackeing the samto the UNI

shown in th

 te cores from

dditives Penetreatment on the

of Figu

in th

g ability of P

cm test cube

H >95%; an indirect te

performanc

H >95%; Penetron slug the entire 2 days, the

ed test piecme concrete

EN 12390-

he table bel

retaining wall

ron Admix ande surface of st

re 22 Needle-e cracks

Penetron tes

es with a w/

ensile strence premixed

urry = 0.45 asurface expn in water a

ces sealed we not cracke8 standard

low.

l at Changi Air

d Penetron in ptructures of low

-like, elongate

sts were un

/c ratio of ≤0

gth test andd “betoncino

applied alonposed to waat 20°C for 6

with Penetrod, underwe(3 days at 5

rport Terminal

porous and crw porosity, cra

ted Penetron

ndertaken a

0.55 thus

d inclusion o” concrete

ng the crackater penetra60 days.

on and the ent a water 5atm.).

l 3; SETSCO S

racked concreacked concret

Page | 20

forming

t the

in a

k and ation;

Services

etes (first e; ENCO

 

Figure 23

The surtightnessample

In a tesjoints wcasted water p25mm tconcretlayer.

 

               9 Water pReport N

3 Excerpt: Pe

rface treatmss, even ims.

st performedwere treated

onto the Pepressure of 7top layer onte layer the

                      penetration of

No.: 303.897-1;

ermeability re

ment with Peproving the

d at OFI lab with a Pen

enetron coa7 bar. The r

nly measurepenetrating

Figure 2

                      concrete spec; OFI Technol

 

esults of crac

enetron on tperformanc

boratories innetron coatinating (see figresults showed 22mm. Dg water was

24 OFI sample s

 cimen treated logie & Innova

cked concrete

the crackedce compare

n Vienna, Aung. An addgure 24). Thwed that the

Due to the cs stopped 3m

set‐up (Penetro

with “Penetroation GmbH, V

e samples tre

d test piece ed to the un

ustria9 test cditional layehe samplese water penrystal growtmm before

on “sandwich‐s

on” following OVienna, Austria

eated with Pe

totally restontreated, un

cubes contar of 25mm cwere then

netration intoth in the addreaching th

 

system”)

OENORM B 33a, 2005

enetron

ored the wadamaged c

aining horizconcrete wasubjected to the untreaded, upper

he actual Pe

303, 2002-09-

Page | 21

ater control

zontal as to a ated

enetron

-01; Test

 

 

When acreatedresults

Tests pAdmix-tstrength

Below aStandar

Concre

The comages bethan thasignificaPenetrobenefit the con

The incconcretexpectecompreproduct

 

Penetrothem imstructurhydrost

               10 The Aucement c

3.2.7. Incr

applying Ped by sealingin an increa

performed atreated samh compared

are the detard AS1012.

ete Age (da

3 7

28 91

mpressive setween 3 daat of Mix-C antly increaon Admix wof the rapidstruction pr

crease in cote. In more ed to be higessive strents will not ne

3.2.8. Res

on productsmpermeableres in undertatic pressu

                      ustralian Centrconcrete modif

rease in com

netron (esp all capillari

ase in the co

t the Univermples (1% bd to the con

ailed results9:

ay)

(Pe

strength of tays to 91 da(80mm). It

ased the conas proportio

d early strenrocess.

ompressive porous typeher than in gth varies begatively af

sistance aga

s effectively e against war extreme cores.

                      re for Construfied with Pene

 

mpressive s

pecially Penes and voidompressive

rsity of Newby weight of trol sample

s obtained in

CompresMix-P

netron Adm23.0 31.4 42.5 46.8

the Mix-P ways despitewas apparencrete strenonately greangth gain is

strength dees of concremore dens

between diffffect the com

ainst high w

seal concreater ingressonditions an

 uction Innovatietron Admix”; A

strength

netron Admids with insoe strength o

w South Waf cement) sis.

n this test c

ssive Streng

mix) (c

was 1.22 to the slump

ent that the ngth. The inater at the epermit strip

epends to a ete the incree types of c

fferent typesmpressive s

water pressu

ete pores, cs and chemind waterpro

ion University ACCI Ref.No.

ix) a denseroluble crystaf the treated

les10 in Ausgnificantly i

campaign ac

gth (MPa) Mix-C

control sam16.7 24.2 33.2 38.2

1.37 times of Mix-P (13use of the Pcrease in cearly ages oping of form

great extenease in comconcrete. Ass of concretstrength of t

ure

capillaries aical attacksoofs concre

of New South 58324, 2002

r mass of thal formationd concrete.

stralia showncreased th

ccording to

ple)

of that of th30mm) beinPenetron Aompressiveof 3 and 7 dwork earlie

nd on the pompressive sts such the cte. In any cathe concrete

nd microcra. Penetron pte even aga

h Wales: “Prop

he concretes. This usu

wed that Penhe compres

the Austral

Ratio of Mto Mix-

1.37 1.30 1.28 1.22

he control Mng much hig

Admix in cone strength bdays. An imer and to spe

orosity of thtrength is uchange in ase Penetroe.

acks and mprotects coainst high

perties of type

Page | 22

is ally

netron ssive

ian

Mix-P C

Mix-C at gher ncrete by the portant eed up

he sually

on

make ncrete

GP

 

A test epenetra(20MPaStandar

The con

Water p

Day 1-2Day 3: Day 4-7

After ththen driapplied sealed

               11 Penetr

executed at ation of watea, w/c=0.54rd NBR 10.

ncrete samp

pressures w

2: 0.1 0.3

7: 0.7

e first weekied and the water presby Penetro

                      ration of water

the IPT Laber under pre, 1% Penet787/94.

ples were c

were applied

MPa (1 barMPa (3 barMPa (7 bar

k the water test repeat

ssures of upn Admix an

                      r under pressu

 

boratories iessure into ron Admix b

casted and c

d over the p

r) r) r)

penetrationted for a secp to 7 bar alld no furthe

 ure; Instituto d

n Sao Paulporous Penby weight o

cured in wa

period of on

n into the sacond, third l microcrackr water was

de Pesquisas T

o, Brazil11 enetron Adm

of cement) a

ater for 28 d

e week:

ample was oand fourth wks, pores ans able to pe

Tecnologicas

examined thix-treated c

according to

ays.

observed. Tweek. After nd capillarienetrate into

(IPT), Sao Pa

he water concrete sao Brazilian

The sample r four weekses had beeno the sample

aulo, Brazil, 20

Page | 23

mples

was s of n es.

007

 

After onpenetrasample becausfully foris used

After thinto thealmost week be

The abopressurPenetrosample control

               12 Determconcrete University

ne week of wation of app can be obse the crysta

rmed yet. Thto grow the

e third weee sample ha50% compaefore.

ove test shores of up to on Admix ag shows signsample.

                      mination of the

test pieces aty of Bologna –

water pressroximately 7served. Thisals in the sahe water in e crystals fu

k, the wateas decreaseared to the

ows Penetro7 bar. A tes

gainst a wanificant redu

                      e water absorpt the Laborato– Department

 

sure a wate75% into ths is possibleample have the capillar

urther.

r penetratioed again by results of th

on Admix-trst campaignter pressureuction the p

 ption at atmosprio del Consorof Earth, Geo

r e e, not

ries

Aftewatecrys

on

he

Aftepresthe cconccomwith

reated concn at the Unie of 2000 k

permeability

pheric pressurzio Cave (Qu

ological and En

r two weekser penetratiostals continu

r the fourth ssure no wacapillaries ocrete. The c

mpletely andstanding th

crete compliversity of BPa (20 bar)

y (water pen

re and under puarry Consortiunvironmental

s a significaon can be n

ue to form in

week of apater is able tof the Penetcrystals hav sealed thee water pre

etely dry unBologna12, It). The Penenetration) co

pressure of a um LaboratorySciences, Italy

ant reductionoticed withnside the co

pplied waterto penetratetron Admix

ve now forme concrete essure.

nder hydrostaly in 2005etron-treatedompared to

total of 42 cyly) of Bologna;y, 2005

Page | 24

n in the h the oncrete.

r e into treated

med

static tested d the

lindrical ;

 

Figure 25Bologna

The possolutiontunnels

 

Penetroagainst

Accordatreated hydrogecalcium

For thisbatches

1st batc

2nd batcof 2% b

Both co

               13 VerificaConsorziGeologic

5 Excerpt: Tea, Italy, 2005

ssibility to wn for concre, etc.

3.2.9. Che

on not only chemical a

ant tests weconcrete sa

en chloride m chloride (C

s test on Aps, each con

h: “Concret

ch: “Concreby weight of

ontrol and tr

                      ation of resistaio Cave (Quarcal and Environ

est results fo

withstand hiete structure

emical resis

effectively wattacks of va

ere undertaamples wer(HCldil), dilu

CaCl2) and s

ril 4, 2005 tsisting of 5

te B”: define

te PA”: defif the cemen

reated conc

                      ance to chemirry Consortiumnmental Scien

 

r Penetron Ad

gh hydrostaes such as h

stance

waterproofsarious chem

ken at the Ure exposed uted sulfuricsodium hyd

ten (10) cylipieces, we

ed as white,

ned as connt.

crete sample

 ical attack on

m Laboratory) nces, Italy, 200

Admix under 2

atic pressurhydroelectri

s concrete smicals with a

University oto various c

c acid (H2SOdroxide (NaO

indrical conre prepared

, i.e. concre

ncrete made

es had a w/

ten (10) cylindof Bologna; U05

20 bar head w

re makes Peic dams, lar

structures, ba pH range

of Bologna13

chemical soO4dil), a comOH).

crete test pd.

ete made wi

e adding Pe

/c = 0.45.

drical concreteUniversity of Bo

water pressur

enetron Admrge water ta

but also profrom 3-11.

3, Italy wherolutions inclmbination of

ieces, divid

ithout addin

netron Adm

e test pieces aologna – Depa

re, University

mix an effecanks, sea w

otects concr

re Penetronuding dilutef the former

ded into two

ng Penetron

mix in perce

at the Laboratoartment of Ear

Page | 25

y of

ctive alls,

rete

n-Admix ed r,

o

n Admix

ntages

orio del rth,

 

The conConsor20 ± 2°Ctemperacycles c

The labsolution7928 an

For the “Determ

As the tsolutionbetweewith diludiluted observe

ncrete to bertium LaboraC and RH 9ature of 20 carried out a

boratory wanns containinnd 8019. Ob

Figu

visual evalmination of c

table belowns to penetrn 3 and 11 uted hydroghydrogen ced at the co

e tested wasatory) of Bo95% ±3 RH± 2°C until at 24-hour i

nted to verifng different bservations

ure 26 Univer

uation of chchemical re

w shows Penrate into its in constant

gen chloridechloride andontrol sampl

 

s prepared ologna and c. They werea constant intervals an

fy the resisthydrogen io

s were carrie

rsity of Bolog

hemical resesistance – u

netron Admsurface. Tht contact ane (HCldil), dild diluted sulle.

at the Labocured theree then conddensity was

nd with a dif

tance to cheon concentred out after

gna: Chemica

istance stanunglazed til

mix treated che samplesnd improvedluted sulfurfuric acid, w

oratorio del e for 28 daysditioned in as reached, fference in d

emical attacrations accor 7 and 28 d

al resistance

ndard UNI Eles” was ap

concrete didresisted all

d the conditiic acid (H2Swhere pene

Consorzio Cs in a climair with RH oevaluated bdensity infer

ck of these ording to tesdays of expo

test - Test se

EN ISO 105plied.

d not permit solutions won of the sa

SO4dil), a comtration into

Cave (Quaratic test chaof 65% ±3 aby 2 weighinrior to 0.1%

samples usst standard osure.

et up

545 -13/7

any of the with a pH vaamples in cmbination othe surface

Page | 26

rry mber at

at a ng

%.

sing UNI

tested alue contact of both e was

 

Figure 27

Due to projectswaste w

7 University o

its chemicas around thewater treatm

of Bologna: C

al resistancee world invo

ment plants,

 

Chemical res

e Penetron olving conta chemical s

sistance test -

is protectinaminated wastorage tank

- results

g the concraters, such ks.

rete structuras sewage

res of varioue treatment

Page | 27

us and

 

Figure 28Plant, Ita

 

One maconcretfreeze-tresultincycles d

Indepenweight l

The treaof cemeconcret

The spethaw (a

(*) Aver

 

Penetroaround constru

               14 Labora2005

8 Milan Southaly

3.2.10. Res

ajor factor fote bridges, rthaw cyclesg in corrosidirectly affe

ndent tests loss of Pen

ated concreentitious mate without P

ecimens weaccording to

No.No. 2 – P

rage of dup

3.2.11. Com

on Admix hathe world. Iction indust

                      atory Tests of

h Waste Wate

sistance to f

or deterioraroads, etc.) s will increason damage

ect the durab

undertakenetron-Admi

ete containeaterials (cemPenetron Ad

ere then subo the New Y

Mix I.D. . 1 – ControPenetron Trlicate speci

mpatibility w

as been speIt can be aptry. Penetro

                      Penetron Adm

 

er Treatment

freeze-thaw

ation of expois the conti

se the perme and leadinbility of con

n at Sor Tesx treated co

ed 16% fly ament and flydmix.

bjected to aYork Departm

ol reated imens

with commo

ecified and pplied to anyon Admix do

 mix in Concret

Figure 2

w cycles

osed concreinuous free

meability anng up to the crete.

sting Laboraoncrete com

ash and Pey ash). The

a 3% sodiumment of Tra

nly-used co

performed y commonlyoes not hav

te, Sor Testing

29 SABESP S

ete structurzing and thd allow corrfailure of th

atories14 shompared to th

netron Admcontrol sam

m chloride sansportation

Averag

oncrete mix

in numerouy-used conc

ve any know

g Laboratories

Sewage Treat

es in cold cawing of corosive agenhe structure

ow a signifihe control s

mix was dosmple consis

solution in 2n Method 50

ge % Weigh4.97 0.74

designs (P

us concrete crete mix in

wn incompat

s, Inc., USA Re

tment Plant, B

climates (suoncrete. Ovents to penete. Freeze-th

cant reductsample.

sed at 1% bysted of plain

25 cycles of 02-3P).

ht Loss (*)

Penetron Ad

mix formulan today’s tibilities with

eport No. 05-4

Page | 28

Brazil

ch as er time rate

haw-

tion of

y weight

freeze-

mix)

ations

h other

4070A,

 

workablimitatio

Penetropozzolaconcretcontainmicrocr

 

As discdurabilimix by s

A simplsuch asin-depthAdmix hwhen pwaterprMPA Stinfluenc

 

Despiteneed to

Insuffic

When the repaholes, eto ensuwaterpr

 

               15 MFPA concrete 16 MPA Sadmixture

ility-enhancons in regar

on Admix treans, fly-ash,te will still tas the reacti

racks and ca

3.2.12. Pre

ussed in chty and strenselecting th

er way to res Penetron Ah and deny has shown resented wroof the captuttgart, Gece on the em

3.2.13. Lim

e the large no be given to

ient surface

Penetron isair of all craetc.), the clere an “open

roofing syst

                      Leipzig GmbHtest specimen

Stuttgart Otto-Ge (Penetron A

cing admixturds to the wa

eated concr, slag, silicaake place asve ingredieapillaries.

vention of A

hapter 2.4., ngth of conche right type

educe the rAdmix, intothe ASR thin a test at ith water. M

pillary structrmany16 to mbedded st

itations

number of bo the limitat

e preparatio

s applied asacks larger teaning of thn-capillary-sems that ar

                      H, Germany –ns with and wiGraf Institute,

Admix) accordi

 

ures, such aater/cemen

rete can coa fume and s Penetron nts needed

Alkali-Silica-

alkali-silicacrete. Conce of cement

isk of ASR the concre

he necessarthe MFPA-L

Many other tture inside ccorrespondteel.

benefits of ctions of the

on (coating a

s a surface cthan 0.4mme surface (i

system”) is re applied b

  Department oithout adding tUniversity of S

ing to DIN V 1

as retardersnt ratio of the

ntain Portlasimilar. TheAdmix, bein

d for its reac

-Reaction (A

-reaction (Acrete design

and non-re

is to incorpete mix. Thisry water for Leipzig, Getests have pconcrete. Fud to DIN V 1

crystalline wperformanc

application)

coating, a thm, faulty conin in order tkey to a suc

by brush or

of Structural Ethe sealing agStuttgart, Ger

18998: 2002-1

s or superple concrete t

and cement-e crystal reang a Portlan

ction to deve

ASR)

ASR) can siners need toeactive aggr

orate a mats will ensurethe reactio

ermany15 thaproven the aurther, Pen8998 and a

waterproofince of this sy

)

horough suncrete (suchto dampen accessful apspray.

Engineering: “Agent Penetron rmany: “Electro1”, 2007

lastizicers. Tto be treate

-substitutesaction in thend cement-belop crystal

gnificantly ro limit the alregates.

ture crystalle the concren to take plaat cracks wiability of Peetron Admix

as such has

g systems aystem:

rface prepah as honeycand rougheplication of

Application-tecAdmix (May 3

o-chemical tes

There are ned.

s such as ese types ofbased prods in the

reduce the lkali conten

line admixtuete is waterace. Penetrill self-heal enetron crysx is certified

s no negativ

a few conce

aration inclucombs, formen the surfac

crystalline

chnology tests31, 2007)” sts of a concre

Page | 29

no

f duct,

t of the

ure, rproofed ron upon stals to d by the ve

erns

uding m-tie ce and

s on

ete

 

 

Cold joiexceed separatwaterst

 

Active lseparat

 

Concreare beyseparat

 

Structurrepaired(Penetr

 

PenetrostructurtemperadaytimeThis maare rigid

 

3.2.13.1

ints can be those of a tely either wops.

3.2.13.2

eakage (thrtely with the

3.2.13.3

te defects syond the widtely with the

3.2.13.4

ral cracks ad either prioron Admix)

3.2.13.5

on is not recres. Thermaature differee, which conay lead to md and are n

1. Cold jo

consideredusual conc

with a crysta

2. Active l

rough cracke Penetron

3. Concre

such as hondth of a usue Penetron

4. Structu

are cracks wor to the appif they do no

5. Expose

commendedal cracks areences (e.g. ntracts as a

movement wot designed

 

ints

d as artificiarete capillar

alline repair

eaks

ks) needs torepair syste

te defects

neycombs, fual capillary repair syste

ral cracks

with a width plication of ot seal up a

ed concrete

d as a stande a result oexpansion

a result of fawithin cracksd to compen

l cracks. Thry or microcsystem (Pe

o be stoppeem (Peneplu

form-tie holor microcra

em.

larger thanPenetron a

after an obs

structures

d-alone soluf concrete dof the conc

alling and cos and cracknsate for su

he widths ancracks and tenecrete/Pe

d prior to apug, Penecre

es, etc. leaacks and th

n 0.4mm andas a coatingservation pe

(thermal cra

ution for dirdirectly expcrete exposeooler tempek widths of uuch kind of m

nd voids in therefore neenetron) or

pplication aete, Penetro

d to voids inerefore nee

d therefore system or

eriod of 4-6 w

acks)

ectly expososed to higed to extremeratures durup to >2mmmovement i

cold joints ceed to be trPenebar SW

and repairedon Inject).

n the concreed to be rep

need to beafter applicweeks.

sed concreteh, sudden

me heat durring night tim

m. Penetron in cracks.

Page | 30

can reated W

d

ete that paired

cation

e

ring me). crystals

 

4. At o System

*Penetr  

one glance

m benefits Increases tProtects co(permanenProvides a (self-heals Resistancepressure (2Increases cResists cheReduces chcarbonationPrevents APrevents recorrosion Non-toxic (Green prodCan be useused mix dtowards w/cLow dosagcement)* Ease/versaProtection surface is dDoes not rewaterproofiof the systeAllows concPenetrates Can be appnegative sidCan be appconcrete** Compatiblecoatings** Internationawaterproofitrack recordron Admix /

e - Benefit o

the durabilitoncrete for at application“self-healincracks up t

e to high hyd20 bar) compressiveemical attachloride penen

Alkali-Silica-einforcemen

potable watduct (contaied with any esign (no lic ratio or cee rates (0.8

atility of appremains intadamaged equire any oing or additem crete to “bre deeply intoplied from thde** plied to moi

e with glues

ally renowning brand wd (proven s/ **Penetron

 

overview

ty of concrea lifetime n)

ng” concreteo 0.4mm) drostatic

e strengthck (pH 3-11etration and

Reaction (Ant steel from

ter approvens zero VOcommonly mitations ement conte8% by weigh

lication act when

other form oional protec

eathe” o the concrehe positive

st or green

and surfac

ed with extensivystem)

n/Penetron P

Benete

e

) d

ASR) m

ed) OC)

ent)* ht of

of ction

ete** or

ce

ve

Plus

nefits to pro Provide

projects Cost eff Perman No main Increase

for strucintegrity

Increase Eliminat

associarepairs

Unmatc Reduce

associasystems

Improveconcrete

Contribuof green

operty owns time and

s fective nent waterprntenance es the qualictural perfory es usage oftes down-timted with ma

ched technics applicatioted with inss es pouring ae utes to LEEn points)

ners/contracost saving

roofing syst

ity of the cormance and

f infrastructme and cosaintenance

cal support on errors stallation of

and placem

ED projects

Page | 31

actors gs on

tem

oncrete d

ure sts and

other

ent of

(accrual

 

5. Com

Descript

Resistanhydrostawater pr

Protectioreinforcesteel

Crack sehealing a

Crack resistanc

Freeze/tdurability

mparison o

PePe

tion Cebathasuinsforinscavo

nce to atic ressure

It T

1w

on of ement

Pcsowac

elf-ability

Wt

ya

ce R

cetbc0

thaw y

of Penetron

enetron/ enetron Plusementitious-ased chemicaat will penetr

urfaces to forsoluble crystrmations deeside the apillaries andoids of concre

Improves wittime Tested of up16 bar head water pressu

Prevents corrosion by stopping pasof penetratinwater, chloridand other corrosive age

Will re-activathe presencemoisture to snew cracks eyears after application

Rigid materiacannot withsexcessive transformatiobut self-healscracks of up 0.4mm

Improves durability by preventing wingress throucracks and p

 

n products

s PeneAdm

al rate rm tal ep

ete

Cemadmaddeconctime batcformcrystthroucapisysteconc

th

to

ure

Imwi

Coseab

Inihy

ssage g des

ents

Pepro

Prpeof chancoag

ate in e of seal even

Wiactheof to crayeap

al, tand

on, s to

Recrplcu

Secrtothprm

water ugh pores

Imduprwaingthcrpo

with other

etron mix mentitious mixture

ed to the crete at the of

ching to m insoluble

tals ughout the llary em of crete

mproves th time ontinuous elf-healing bility itiates full ydration ermanent otection revents enetration water,

hlorides nd other orrosive gents ill re-

ctivate in e presence moisture seal new acks even

ears after pplication educes racking in astic and uring stage elf-heals racks of up o 0.4mm in he resence of

moisture mproves urability by reventing ater gress rough

racks and ores

r waterproo

Membrane(Positive sLiquid and applied bitupolymers athe concreto form a bagainst waingress

Protectiobreachedpinhole o Will requ

replacemleaking

No negatprotection Prone to

joints and

No self-hability

Can withsexcessivetransform Deteriora

time (lossprotectione “unprotleaks occ

Deterioratime (lossprotectioe “unprotleaks occ

ofing syste

es side) sheet

umen and affixed to te surface

barrier ater

n d by any or seam ire

ment once

tive side n leak at

d seams

ealing

stand e

mation ating over s of n)Concrettected” if cur

ating over s of n)Concrettected” if cur

ems

Other surfaapplied ProMaterials apthe concretecontaining mwater repellesealants

Reduces iabsorptiondeterioratetime Limited re

to hydrostpressure No negativ

protection Limited pr

especiallyhigher wapressure

No self-heability

No durabicrack loca

Deteriorattime (loss protection

Deteriorattime (lossprotectionte “unprotleaks occ

Page | 32

ace oducts pplied to e surface mainly ents and

initial n, but will e over

sistance tatic

ve side

rotection y under ter

aling

lity at ations ting over of )

ting over s of n)Concretected” if ur

 

Repair requirem

Applicat

Surface preparat

Construcschedule

Sub-surfdrainagesystem

Additioncoatings

Mainten

ments

tion

tion

ction e

face e

nal s

ance

Easily repaifrom positivenegative sidrequired)

Applied by brush/sprayonto positivnegative sidold/new concrete Dry-shake application horizontal, freshly placconcrete Needs coarwater saturclean surfacwith an “opecapillary system” for brush or spapplication No surface preparationdry-shake application Can be appduring concfinishing or anytime afte

Not require

Can be finiswith coatingtiles, etc.

Not require

 

red e or

de (if

Earefroor sidre

y ve or de of

onto

ced

Adcotheba

Noapre

rse, ated, ce en-

ray

n for

Nopr

plied crete

er

Adfrecotheba

Sa50ancoco

d No

shed g,

Doaffco

Adexcotile

d Remreonca

asily paired

om positive r negative de (if quired)

dded to the oncrete at e time of atching o additional pplication quired

o surface reparation

dded to esh oncrete at e time of atching aves up to 0% time nd onstruction osts ot required

oes not ffect oatings dhesion xcellent for oatings of es epairs ight be quired

nce in the ase of

Difficult Difficult

problem May req

removal repair

Expensisometimimpossibaccessib

Liquids:spray ap

Sheets: welded torched concrete

Correct joints/seapplicatcritical tperform

Clean s Dry surf Smooth

Must beafter comof struct

Requireprotectivcement

Might redrainagehigh hydpressure

Requireprotectivmortars finishes

Costly replacemgenerallrequired

to repair to identify areas uire total and

ve and mes ble due to bility brush or

pplication glued, or to the

e surface

eams ion o ance urface face surface

e applied mpletion tural work s ve mortar

equire e under drostatic e ve prior to

ment ly d

Repairs mrequire reof previomaterials

Only apppositive s

Substratecritical toperforma

Needs supreparatidependinproduct requirem

Some marequire 2cured cofor applic

Similar schedulinmembran

Requiresdrainagehigh hydpressure

May requspecial preparatito finishe

Re-applicrequired high hydcondition

Page | 33

may emoval us

s

plied to side e profile

o ance

urface ion ng on

ments

aterials 28 days ncrete

cation

ng as nes

s e under rostatic

e uire

ion prior es

cation under rostatic

ns

 

Service

5.1.

Allows cthe struc

High perdesignedproven u

Does noconcrete

Does noprocess

Penetroautogen

Increase

Does nosteel spe

Does nowhen sp

Provideschloride

Does no

life

Compariso

P

concrete to bcture

rformance wd to resist hiup to 16 Bar

ot affect the he and will onl

ot negatively of the concr

n dramaticalnous healing

es compress

ot affect the aecified

ot affect the specified prop

s chemical, cetc. protect

ot negatively

Permanent aimproves witime

on between

enetron

reathe, vapo

waterproofing gh hydrostat

heat resistanly increase it

affect the hyrete

ly increases ability of con

ive strength

amount of re

setting time oerly

carbonation, tion

affect the pe

 

strcracodeap

and th

Peseof crayeap

Penetron a

or to escape

product tic pressure

nce of the t

ydration

the ncrete

of concrete

inforcement

of the concre

sulfates,

erformance o

ructural acks of

oncrete efects after pplication ermanent; elf-healing

new acks even

ears after pplication

and hydroph

Does npressu

Good fowith low1.4 Bar

Due to effect obe inve

Compleas suchimbibin

In both hydrate

May deconcret

Effect oof conc

May re

ete Effects investig

Resistainvestig

of Constru

Deteriorover tim

Damagebackfillinplumbin

Surfacewill resuof prote

hobic pore

not let concrere build up

or damp proow hydrostaticr

bituminous non the heat reestigated befo

etely stops wh internal selng water cann

cases a pored completel

ecrease the ate. This shou

of these prodcrete should

quire additio

on the settingated before

ance against gated before

uction joints

rating me es during ng, g damage

ult in loss ction

blockers

Pore blocke

ete breathe,

ofing or watec water press

nature of theesistance of ore use

water movemf-desiccationnot enter.

rtion of cemey

autogenous huld be investi

ducts on initiabe investigat

nal reinforce

ng time of couse

chemical attuse

will require s

Best wheapplied

Deterioratime

Vulnerabsurface d

ers

allowing vap

er splash ressure resistan

ese productsthe concrete

ment within con may occur

ent cannot be

healing capaigated before

al and final sted before us

ement steel

oncrete need

tack should

special treatm

Page | 34

en first

ate over

ble to damage

por

sistance nce up to

, their e should

oncrete, or

e

acity of e use

strength se

to be

be

ment to

 

construc

Low dosmix will s

Econom

Works vconcrete

Self heathrougho

Will reacdevelop

Long terproven o

6. App

6.1. 

Penetrothe timesand anmoisturreactioncapillarypenetradeterior Note The PeconditioRepres

 

ction joints

sage of 0.8%suffice

mical solution

very effectivee

als cracks of out the life of

ctivate after mto stop leak

rm effects onover 24 year

plication in

Descriptio

on Admix (ine of batchinnd various are in fresh cn, which gey tracts of t

ation of wateration due to

netron Admons (see Seentative for

% of cement c

ely even on lo

0.4mm and f the concret

many years s

n concrete has

nstructions

n

ntegral crysg. Penetron

active, propconcrete witnerates a nhe concreteer or liquidso harsh env

mix has beeetting Time ar the most a

 

contents in th

ow strength

more te

if new cracks

ave been

s – Penetro

stalline waten Admix con

prietary chemh the by-proon-soluble

e. Thus the s from any dvironmental

n specially and Strengt

appropriate

break t

he Very hi

Usuallyhigh do

A minimproducslump nmanufa

Blocks on conc

s No reac

Long teinvestig

on Admix

erproofing ansists of Pomicals. Theoducts of cecrystalline fconcrete be

direction. Thl conditions

formulated th). ConsultPenetron A

he water- re

gh dosage re

y very expenosage require

mum of 350 kts to be effecneed to be tiacturer’s pub

pores passivcrete

ctions

erm effects ogated before

admixture) isortland cemeese active chement hydrformation thecomes perhe concrete.

to meet vart with a Pen

Admix for yo

pellent effect

equired to re

sive solutioned

kg of cementctive, Water /ghtly control

blished limitat

vely, no know

on concrete suse

s added to tent, very finhemicals reation to cauhroughout thrmanently s is also prot

rying projecnetron Techour project.

t of these pro

each their eff

n, partly beca

t is required / cement ratled to compltions

wn self heali

should be

the concretne treated seact with theuse a catalyhe pores ansealed agaiotected from

ct and temphnical

Page | 35

oducts

fect

ause of

for these io and y with

ng effect

te mix at ilica

e ytic nd nst the

m

erature

 

6.2. 

PenetroPenetroand for perform

6.3. Penetroproceduequipm

Add Peunder th227 kg)evenly taccorda

Mix Penwith 6 gready-min accoalreadyleast 5

Add Peadding practice Note It is impTherefoand thoPenetro

For morcompat

Dosage Ra

on Admix: 0on’s Technicfurther info

mance, or m

Mixing

on Admix mures for addent. Follow

6.3.1. Rea

enetron Admhe batch pla) of aggregathroughout ance with st

6.3.2. Rea

netron Admgallons (22.7mix truck. Thrdance with

y been placeminutes to

6.3.3. Pre

enetron Admthe cement

es.

portant to obore, do not aorough dispeon Admix fo

6.3.4. Tec

re instructiotibility of the

ate

0.8% by weical Departm

ormation regeeting the s

must be addedition will vaing are som

ady Mix Pla

mix in powdeant and addate. Mix thethe mix watandard bat

ady Mix Pla

mix with wate7 l) of watehe aggrega

h standard ped in the reaensure eve

cast Batch

mix to the rot and water.

btain a homadd dry Admersion will n

or a specific

chnical Serv

ons, alternae Penetron t

 

ght of cemement for assgarding enhspecific req

ed to the coary accordinme typical m

nt – Dry Ba

er form to thd 60% - 70%materials f

ter. Add thetch practice

nt - Central

er to form ar). Pour thete, cement

practices (taady-mix trucn distributio

Plant

ock and san. The total c

mogeneous mix powder not occur. F

project, co

vices

tive applicatreatment w

entitious masistance in dhanced chemuirements a

oncrete at thng to the typ

mixing guide

atch Operati

he drum of % of the reqfor 2-3 minue balance os.

Mix Opera

a very thin se required a

and water saking into ack). Pour thon of the Pe

nd, then mixconcrete ma

mixture of Pr directly to wFor further innsult with a

ation methodwith other pr

aterials mindeterminingmical resistaand conditio

he time of bpe of batch elines.

ion

the ready-mquired waterutes to ensuf materials

ation

lurry (e.g. 4mount of mshould be bccount the

he concrete enetron Adm

x thoroughlyass should

Penetron Adwet concretnformation ra Penetron T

ds, or informroducts or te

imum. Consg the appropance, optimons of your

batching. Thplant opera

mix truck. Dr along with

ure the Admto the read-

40 lbs (18 kgaterial into

batched andquantity of winto the tru

mix through

y for 2-3 minbe blended

dmix with thte as this mregarding thTechnical R

mation concechnologies

sult with priate dosag

mum concreproject.

he sequenceation and

rive the truch 300-500 lbmix is distrib

-mix truck in

g) of powdethe drum o

d mixed in twater that h

uck and mixout the con

nutes before using stan

he concretemay cause che proper uRepresentat

cerning the s, contact th

Page | 36

ge rate te

e of

ck bs (136-uted n

er mixed f the he plant has for at

ncrete.

e dard

. clumping se of tive.

he

 

TechnicRepres

6.4. The setingredieoccur wmix deswill provultimateconditio

6.5. When in40°F (4

7. App

7.1. Penetroand proand a capplicatWhen Plime ancrystallito preveallow thIn additwastewPenetroin watermateria

7.2. Water r1.5 lb/s(0.7-0.8

Penetrosprinkle

cal Departmentative.

Setting tim

tting time ofents, tempe

when using sign and thevide a norme strengths ons to deter

Limitations

ncorporatin4°C).

plication in

Descriptio

on is a surfaotects concrcompound otion.

Penetron is d moisture ine structureent any furthe passage tion to wate

water, aggreon is approvr storage ta

al.

Consumpt

retaining stry

8 kg/m²) or o

7.2.1. Con

on at 2 lb/syed and trow

ment of ICS

me and stren

f concrete iserature of thPenetron Ae dosage ra

mal set concthan plain c

rmine settin

s

g Penetron

nstructions

n

ace-appliedrete in-deptof active che

applied to apresent in te. These crher water inof vapor thrproofing th

essive grounved for use anks, reserv

tion

ructures, int

one coat at

nstruction s

y (1.1 kg/m²el applied to

 

Penetron In

ngth

s affected be concrete

Admix. The aate of the Adcrete. Concrconcrete. Trg time and

Admix, the

s – Penetro

, integral crh. It consistemicals. Pe

a concrete sthe capillaryrystals fill thngress (everough the s

he structurend water anin contact w

voirs, water

ternal concr

2.5 - 3 lb/s

labs

²) applied ino fresh con

nternationa

by the chemand climati

amount of rdmix. Howerete containrial mixes sstrength of

e temperatu

on

rystalline wats of Portlan

enetron nee

surface the y tracts of th

he pores anden under prestructure (i.e, Penetron

nd many othwith potabletreatment p

rete wall su

y (1.4-1.6 k

n one slurry crete when

l Ltd. or you

mical and phc conditions

retardation wever, under ning Penetrohould be cathe concret

re of the co

aterproofingnd cement,ds only to b

active chemhe concreted minor shressure). Hoe. the concrprotects co

her aggresse water, andplants…etc.

rfaces: Two

kg/m²) appli

coat to har this has re

ur local Pen

ysical comps. Retardatiwill depend normal conon Admix married out unte.

oncrete mix

g material, wspecially tre

be mixed wi

micals combe to form an inkage cracwever, the rete will be ancrete agaiive chemicad is therefor Penetron i

o coats of P

ed with brus

rdened concached initia

netron

position of ion of set mupon the c

nditions, themay developnder projec

should be a

which watereated quartth water pri

bine with th insoluble,

cks in the coPenetron wable to “breinst seawatal solutionsre suitable fis not a dec

Penetron at

sh or spray

crete or dryal set.

Page | 37

may concrete Admix

p higher ct

above

rproofs tz sand ior to

he free

oncrete will still eathe”). er, . for use corative

1.25-

y.

 

Penetroto placiapplied

Penetroprior to

7.3. All conchave anpressurcracks, PenetroThe con

7.4. Penetrothick oilMix onlythe mix

7.5.

Apply Papproprwhile th

The speinto the

7.6. The treaagainst similar.

7.2.2. Con

on at 3 lb/syng the next.

7.2.3. Blin

on at 2.5 lb/placing the

Surface Pr

crete to be tn “open”capre water jetthoneycom

on Mortar. Sncrete surfa

Mixing

on is mechal. Approximy as much mture starts t

Application

7.5.1. Slur

Penetron in riate power

he first coat

7.5.2. Dry

ecified amoe freshly pla

Post treatm

ated areas direct sun,

nstruction jo

y (1.7 kg/m² lift/bay of c

nding concre

/sy (1.4 kg/me overlying c

reparation

treated withpillary systeting, wet sabing, etc. mSurfaces muace must be

anically mixeate mixing material as to set do no

n

rry consiste

one or two spray equiis still “gree

powder co

ount of Peneced concre

ment

should be k wind and f

 

oints

²) applied inconcrete. Al

ete

m²) applied concrete sla

h Penetron im. Removendblasting o

must be chasust be carefe damp but

ed with clearatio is 2 pacan be use

ot add more

ency

coats accopment. Wheen”.

nsistency (f

etron is distrte once this

kept damp frost, by cov

n slurry or dlternatively

in slurry or ab.

integral cryse laitance, dor wire brussed out, trefully pre-wanot wet.

an water to arts water toed within 20e water, sim

rding to speen two coat

for horizont

ributed in ps has reach

for a periodvering with p

ry powder cPenebar SW

dry powde

stalline watdirt, grease,shing. Fault

eated with Patered prior

a creamy co 5 parts Pe0 minutes anply re-stir to

ecification bts are speci

tal surface o

owder formed initial se

of five daypolyethythe

consistencyW type wate

r consistenc

erproofing metc. by me

ty concrete Penetron an

to the Pene

consistency enetron pownd stir mixtuo restore wo

by masonry fied apply t

only)

m through a et.

s and must ene sheeting

y immediateerstops can

cy immedia

must be cleans of highin the form d filled flushetron applic

or that resewder (by volure frequenorkability.

brush or the second

sieve and t

be protecteg, damp bu

Page | 38

ely prior n be

ately

ean and of

h with cation.

embling lume). tly. If

coat

roweled

ed rlap or

 

Note Do not additiveapplicat

8. App

8.1. PenetroprotectiapplicatrequiredPortlandthat hasPlus beassociachemicageneratconcret

8.2. Under nm²), dep Note Under ha Penet

8.3. 1. Fresh2. Wait ConcreThen, fl3. Immehand or4. As sopower f5. Immefirst app6. Allowfloat the7. Whe

apply Penee to concrettions).

plication in

Descriptio

on Plus is aon of concrtions on hod. Packaged cement, vs been crus

ecomes an iated with coals react wites a non-sote.

Coverage

normal condpending on

heavy traffictron Techni

Application

h concrete until concrete should bloat open thediately after mechanicaoon as the dfloated to thediately afteplication. w remaininge material inn concrete

etron at teme or plaster

nstructions

n

unique interete. Penetrrizontal cond in the form

various activshed and grntegral part

oatings (e.g.th the moisoluble cryst

ditions, the the degree

c conditionscal Represe

n Procedure

is placed, cete can be we free of ble

he surface. er floating oal spreaderdry shake m

he surface. er power flo

dry shake nto the surfahas harden

 

peratures ars. (Penetro

s – Penetro

egral crystaron Plus hasncrete surfam of a dry pve proprietaraded to part of the con. scaling, duture in the ftalline forma

coverage rae of abrasio

s or where eentative for

es

consolidatedwalked on leed water a

open the sur. The dry sh

material has

oating, apply

material to ace.

ned sufficien

at or below fon Admix sh

on Plus

lline chemics been speces where

powder comary chemicarticle sizes screte surfac

usting, flakinfresh concration within

ate for Penen resistance

even greater a recomme

d and leveleeaving an i

and be able

rface, applyhake materis absorbed

y remaining

absorb mo

ntly, power t

freezing. Pehould be con

cal treatmencially formugreater imp

mpound, Penals, and a sysuitable for ce thereby eng and delaete causingthe pores a

etron Plus ie required.

er abrasion endation tha

ed. ndentation to support

y one-half oial must be moisture fro

g dry shake

isture from

trowel surfa

enetron cannsidered for

nt for the waulated for drpact and abrnetron Plusynthetic aggconcrete flo

eliminating amination).Tg a catalytic and capillar

s 1 lb per s

resistance iat meets yo

of 1/4”–1/3”the weight

f the dry shspread eve

om the base

material at

the base sl

ace to the re

nnot be user these

aterproofingry-shake rasion resis

s consists ofgregate haroors. Penetproblems n

The active c reaction, wry tracts of t

sq yard (0.6

is required, our specific

” (6-9 mm).of a power

hake materiaenly. e slab, it sh

right angle

ab and then

equired finis

Page | 39

d as an

g and

stance is f rdener tron

normally

which the

kg per

consult needs.

trowel.

al by

hould be

s to the

n power

sh.

 

8.4. Curing starts toplastic cconditiosealers Note It is comSuch edapplicat For the should applicatto freezfurther a In hot, dconcretrequire For certfor finisentrainmconcret

8.5. For morcompatTechnic

9. Con

Penetrolocated

Penetrodistribuusing a

All referInternat

Curing

is importano dry. Convcovers mayons consult and curing

mmon that edge areas ction of the m

best resultsnot exceedtion). If a hi

zing and thaapplication

dry, or windte surface toa suitable f

tain concrething. (For ement, superte more diffi

Technical

re instructiotibility of thecal Departm

ntact and D

on products at 45 Rese

on productstors and trand applying

renced test tional Ltd.

t and shoulentional mo

y be used. Cmanufactur compound

edges of a scan be dry-smain body o

s when app 3% (a highgh entraine

awing), continformation

dy conditiono prevent pflexible sea

te mix desigexample, higr plasticizericult to finis

Services

ons, alternae Penetron tment of Pene

Disclaimer

s are exclusearch Way,

s are distribuained applicg Penetron

reports in t

 

d begin as oist curing pCuring shourer for spec

ds meeting A

slab wall wishaked andof concrete.

plying dry shh air contented air contentact the Tecn.

s, it is advisremature drlant.

gns, we recgh performars, or silica fh).

tive applicatreatment wetron Intern

ively manufSuite 203,

uted and apcators. Pleasproducts fo

this docume

soon as finprocedures uld continuecific instructiASTM C-30

ll set up ead finished w

hake materit can make nt is specifichnical Dep

sable to userying of the

commend a ance concrefume may r

ation methodwith other prnational Ltd

factured by East Setau

pplied throuse consult wr technical

ent are avai

al set has osuch as wa

e for at leastions. In lieu

09 may be u

rlier than thith hand too

ials, the air it difficult toed (e.g. for artment of P

e an evaporslab. Chron

test panel bete with a loreduce blee

ds, or informroducts or te. or your loc

ICS Penetrket, NY 117

gh a globalwith a Peneassistance

ilable on req

occurred buater spray, wt 48 hours. of moist cu

used.

e main bodols prior to p

content of to achieve a concrete th

Penetron In

ration retardnic moving

be produceow water/ced water and

mation concechnologiescal Penetron

ron Internat733, USA.

network of etron represand suppor

quest from

t before surwet burlap oIn hot, dry suring, concr

dy of concreproceeding

the concreta proper hat will be enternational

dant on the cracks or jo

ed and evaluement ratio,d make the

cerning the s, contact thn represent

tional Limite

f authorizedsentative prrt.

ICS Penetr

Page | 40

rface or sunny rete

ete. with

e

exposed Ltd. for

fresh oints will

uated air

he tative.

ed

d ior to

on