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EN

ANNEX 18

Of the Commission Implementing Decision on the 2019 Annual Action programme for the Partnership

Instrument

Action Document for International Ocean Governance: EU

component to Global ocean observations

1 KEY IDENTIFICATION DATA

Title of the Action

International Ocean Governance: EU component to Global ocean

observations

Country/region/global Global, in particular G20 and G7

Sector of intervention Marine knowledge

410 : general environment protection, 41010 environmental policy,

41082 environmental research

Indicative budget Total: EUR 2 000 000

EC contribution: EUR 2 000 000 (100%)

Other contributions: NA

Duration and target start

date of implementation

24 months – 1st quarter 2020

Method of

implementation

Indirect management with Mercator Ocean International

Legal basis Regulation (EU) No 234/2014 of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 11 March 2014 establishing a Partnership Instrument (PI) for

cooperation with third countries

Programming document European Commission Implementing Decision C(2018)4001 on the

second Multiannual Indicative Programme for the Partnership

Instrument for the period 2018-2020

DAC code(s) 41010 - Environmental policy and administrative management, 41020

Biosphere protection

Markers

General policy objective

Not

targeted

Significant

objective

Main

Principal

objective

Participation

development/good

governance

Aid to environment

Gender equality

Trade Development

RIO Convention markers

Biological diversity

Combat desertification

Climate change mitigation

Climate change adaptation

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2 RATIONALE AND CONTEXT

2.1 Action summary

Ocean observations are critical data necessary for ocean health, climate change monitoring

and implementation of EU ocean-related policies. Europe is making significant investments in

the domain of Ocean Observations through two major programmes, the Copernicus

programme and the Horizon 2020 programme. It is also committed to contribute to several

international initiatives impacting ocean observations such as the International Ocean

Governance, the G7 membership, and the Global Earth Observation (GEO) intergovernmental

partnership.1

The Overall Objective of this action is to make the EU more visible as a global actor, defend

its interests and strengthen its influence in international decision-making bodies related to the

collection and use of ocean observations.

Therefore, the Specific Objectives of the PI action are to:

- Strengthen its participation and influence in two overarching international programmes to

promote European assets and defend European interests in international decision-making

in:

o GEO – Global Earth Observation - through its ocean component GEO Blue Planet

o GOOS – Global Ocean Observing System - through its G7 coordination centre;

- Ensure increased deployment and better access to global ocean observations that will

support the high quality and sustainability of the Copernicus Marine and Climate

Services;

- Contribute to the development of sustainable practices at sea for marine and maritime

applications in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the International Ocean

Governance.

PI funding is requested to ensure that these international activities important for the EU from

a policy and visibility point of view can be developed immediately, while sustainability will

be provided by DG RTD in the next Financial Framework.

The two initiatives GEO Blue Planet and the GOOS G7 coordination centre cover countries

worldwide. The PI action will focus on the coordination with EU Member States and Atlantic,

Arctic and African countries while the international partners (NOAA2, CSIRO

3, IOC

4) will

deal with Americas, Middle East and Asia.

1 GEO is the Global Earth Observation partnership signed by more than 100 national governments and 100

Participating Organizations to develop the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) integrating

existing observing systems and data infrastructures for the benefit of human kind. 2 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration of USA

3 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia

4 Intergovernmental Oceanography Commission of UNESCO

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2.2 Background/Context/Rationale for PI funding

Background and context

Ocean health has rightly been recognised as a crucial economic development issue through

the agreement on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals targeted at the oceans

(SDG5 14: Life Below Water) and the proclamation of a Decade of Ocean Sciences for

Sustainable 47 Development (2021 – 2030).

GEO (Global Earth Observation) initiative: Ocean and Society – "Blue Planet”: GEO

Blue Planet works to ensure the sustained development and use of ocean and coastal

observations for the benefit of society by promoting collection of continuous ocean

observations, processing of data into information and linking this information with societal

needs. GEO Blue Planet tackles the end of the value chain from observations to applications

based on a network of ocean and coastal-observers, social scientists and end-user

representatives from a variety of stakeholder groups.

GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) is the unique international programme executed

by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the UNESCO to contribute to

the United Nations Conventions on climate change, on biodiversity and the operational ocean

services shared by IOC and the World Meteorological Organisation. It coordinates the long-

term deployment and sustainability of all ocean observations at sea, provided for by 148

Member States.

G7 Tsukuba communiqué, Chair’s summary of the 2018 Halifax Joint Ministerial

Meeting: In 2016, the G7 Science and Technology ministers recognising the importance of

tackling global challenges such as climate change, food, marine litter or biodiversity

conservation decided to increase their cooperation for the “Future of the Seas and Oceans”.

Three lines of actions were agreed to be implemented with a G7 coordination centre hosted in

GOOS6: to 1) enhance global ocean routine observation and strengthen collaborative

approaches for the development of regional observing capabilities based on regular system

assessment; 2) set up dedicated ocean observatories to tackle coastal challenges and 3) make

all available in data sharing infrastructures.

The Copernicus programme: The Commission launched in 2014 the Copernicus programme

to establish an operational European capacity to deliver Earth Observation data and

information in the fields of environment, emergency management and security. Copernicus is

composed of six families of satellites and six thematic public services about land, atmosphere,

climate change, ocean, emergencies and security. The Copernicus Marine Service delivers on

ocean state and ocean health information to report to international programmes, support the

EU policies development and foster blue economy.

Horizon 2020 Ocean Observation activities: The overall objective of H2020 Ocean

Observation activities is to maximise the benefits for European citizens of the Ocean

observation infrastructures by developing innovative service supporting resilient societies,

completing the ocean in-situ component of GEOSS and Copernicus and enabling the sharing

and full, open and unrestricted access to validated Ocean observation datasets.

5 SDG – Sustainable Development Goals

6 http://www.goosocean.org

4

The European commitments:

- The Commission (DG RTD, DG ENV) is a member of G7 and committed to the “Future

of seas and oceans” and the “Plastics” initiatives.

- The Commission (DG RTD) co-chairs GEO together with the USA, South Africa, and

China and is member of the GEO Blue Planet Steering Committee.

- DG RTD together with DG GROW and the EU countries members of GEO implement the

European contribution to GEO.

- The Commission (DG GROW) placed international agreements with foreign countries

such as USA, Australia, and Africa to promote Copernicus worldwide.

- In 2016, in the frame of the International Ocean Governance, the Commission

(international ocean governance objectives) together with EU's High Representative,

proposed 50 actions for safe, secure, clean and sustainably managed oceans in Europe and

around the world

Rationale for an FPI action

The Commission and the four EU Member States in the G7 have agreed to contribute to the

GOOS G7 coordination centre. The Commission has been invited by the GEO Blue Planet

office to contribute to the share of the governance and technical actions of GEO Blue Planet

for a better uptake and visibility of relevant European actions within GEO. EU Member States

fund 25% of global ocean observation networks.

DG RTD and DG GROW propose a PI project to formalise and implement a consistent EU

contribution to the GOOS G7 coordination centre and GEO Blue Planet based on current

European assets e.g. EUROGEOSS7 and the Copernicus Marine Service. The PI action and

the EU contribution to these two international programs will focus on Europe, Atlantic coast,

Arctic and Africa based on existing alliances8.

The project responds to objective 1 of the PI Multi-annual Indicative programme 2018-2020

considering the following targets for cooperation and fulfils some political frameworks

already in place and to be further implemented:

- Foster international cooperation and exchange of data and best practices on strategic

topics such as climate challenges: contribution of the ocean to Green House Gas

emissions and CO2, interactions between ocean and climate change, on the marine

ecosystems and implementation of related SDG indicators;

- Contribute to the development of environmentally friendly blue economies in favour of

renewable energies, low carbon society and sustainable management of marine resources;

- Support the effective implementation of agreed cooperation such as the Copernicus

cooperative agreements with Australia, USA, the African Union for Earth Observation

data exchange, the Galway and Belem statements for the Atlantic signed with Canada,

USA, Brazil, and South Africa;

- Act as a global player in the international ocean governance and in implementing of the

sustainable development goals (SDG14, SDG13 and others). All six areas of interventions

of the international ocean governance can benefit Europe and its partners from better

7 EuroGEOSS is Europe's part of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems of GEO.

8 Atlantic: Belem sand Galway statement agreements; Arctic: the Arctic Circle conference and Kepler H2020

project; Africa: DEVCO GMES-in-Africa projects and Copernicus cooperation Agreement.

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coordination in ocean observations: blue economy, climate change monitoring,

sustainable fisheries, maritime security, marine pollution, and marine protected areas.

The project also contributes to objective 4 - public diplomacy by implementing actions that

illustrate internationally and re-inforce EU ongoing strategies and programmes:

- The Commission strategy to take a leading position in the International Ocean

Governance;

- The Space Strategy and internationalization of Copernicus in line with Space Strategy,

including the development of competitiveness of European industry;

- The contribution of European stakeholders to the GOOS strategy for 2030;

- The Marine Strategy Framework Directive implementation for the enhancement of ocean

observations, biodiversity conventions taking care that international agreements on

Essential Ocean Variables are compatible of European reporting standards;

- The development of common methodologies and data information service for the

implementation of SDGs indicators;

- The development of the blue cloud as part of the European Open Science Cloud and the

EU digital agenda for ocean.

This PI action directly supports EU policies related to the international ocean governance, the

integrated maritime policy and its environmental pillar, the Marine Strategy Framework

Directive, Marine Knowledge, the EU commitments taken at the Our ocean conferences and

Conference of the Parties on Climate, the implementation of Sustainable development Goals,

United Nations Decade on Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, biodiversity

conventions, climate policies and the SOLAS9 convention (law of the sea). As such, DG

GROW and DG RTD will closely monitor the project in cooperation with DG MARE and DG

ENV involved in above policies.

2.3 Lesson learnt

The PI action proposed is the first one addressing this specific sector of activity (ocean

observations) and is meant to initiate a new activity for the Commission with the international

in-situ ocean observations community.

Past projects by DG GROW and DG RTD indicate that the development and maintenance of

ocean observation networks is very complex. In particular, in-situ ocean observations are

crucial for the quality of weather forecasts, ocean forecasts and climate models, as well as

satellite data. Unless such data is provided for all oceans, models cannot correctly replicate

the behaviour of the earth system, lacking accuracy and usefulness. As such, investment in the

deployment of sensors at sea has to be done at global level and be coordinated to cover

sufficiently all ocean regions. Such investments are also technically complex and costly. The

degradation of equipment at sea requires also that networks be permanently monitored and

replaced in the long term. Furthermore, new developments are needed to advance

observations, notably to measure biological variables and to make observations at depths

exceeding 2000 metres. Only truly worldwide efforts can ensure a fit-for-purpose ocean

observation system deployed by 2030 that is able to provide the measurements needed for the

big societal challenges.

9 Safety Of Life At Sea

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Operating such networks, taking scientifically based decisions for funding and deployment

requires the establishment of sustainable infrastructures and knowledgeable teams that can

deal with it in time. The Commission has recognised this and therefore established:

- European research Infrastructures such as EURO-ARGO, EMBRC, EuroFleet to deal with

in-situ networks deployment in and by Europe;

- The Copernicus marine service, delegated to Mercator Ocean International to deal with

the space component;

- Calls for proposals for ocean and Earth observation tools and systems in successive

framework programmes for research and innovation.

The PI action’s purpose is to implement the next step: to link EU stable infrastructures with

international stable counterparts in a way that it can maintained over time.

2.4 Coherence and complementarity

Developing a global ocean observation capacity is at the heart of networks needed for climate

change monitoring and implementation of environmental directives such as the Marine

Strategy Framework Directive in Europe. Access and publication of data is core to the EU

digital agenda to foster science and competitiveness. Sustainable blue growth will remain a

high priority for development in the next regulation.

This is recognised in the strong involvement of the Commission and the External Action

Service in the international ocean governance, the contribution of major European institutes in

EuroGOOS and the international GOOS strategy, the strong contribution of Copernicus up to

2030 to CEOS10

, the development of sustainable European research Infrastructures for ocean

and marine biology or CO2.

The goal is also to take this opportunity to reinforce existing cooperation agreements with the

USA, Australia, Atlantic countries and the African Union signed by the Copernicus program

and within the Belem and Galway statements. The PI action will relay other EU actions at

international level and bring them closer to international decision-making from which they

could benefit: the PI action related to “Environmental Diplomacy in G7/G20”, Copernicus,

EuroGEOSS, European research Infrastructures managed by DG RTD, DG MARE

information systems, the European Open Science Cloud or H2020 projects.

2.5 EU added value

Monitoring of ocean health, predictions of adverse effects and weather, scientific projections

of climate change at decadal or centennial scale relying on representative ocean circulation,

require access to in-situ and satellite ocean observations at global scale sustained and

consistent during decades that cannot be achieved at the level of a Member State nor at

European level only.

As such, Member States and scientists are organised to assess what is to be measured, how

and where to achieve this technically and financially thanks to overarching international

programmes such as GCOS (The Global Climate Observing System), GOOS (the Global

Ocean Observation System) or GEO (The Global Earth Observation Partnership) to which

some European Member States contribute but not Europe as a whole. The European

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Committee on Earth Observation

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Commission also supported the creation of several legal structures as ERICs (Euro_argo,

EuroFleet, EMBRC, …) to provide the right European coordinated framework to deal with

these issues. The European Commission is actively involved in the G7 Future of the Seas and

Oceans Initiative and GEO/GEOSS.

This PI action will ensure that European assets and investments are leveraged and further

European requirements for observation be considered at the international scale within the

right decision-making bodies.

2.6 Cross-cutting issues

The PI action addresses in priority “Climate and biodiversity” objectives from the RIO

convention.

As reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the ocean plays a

central role in regulating the Earth’s climate. Their Fifth Assessment Report published in

2013 revealed that it has thus far absorbed 93% of the extra energy from the enhanced

greenhouse effect, with warming now being observed at depths of 1,000 m. This has led to

increased ocean stratification, changes in ocean current regimes, and expansion of depleted

oxygen zones. Changes in the geographical ranges of marine species and shifts in growing

seasons, as well as in the diversity and abundance of species communities are now being

observed. At the same time, atmospheric warming is leading to the melting of inland glaciers

and ice, causing rising sea levels with significant impacts on shorelines (coastal erosion,

saltwater intrusion, habitat destruction) and coastal human settlements. CO2 emissions are

also making the ocean more acidic, making many marine species and ecosystems increasingly

vulnerable such as corals, plankton and shellfish.

Copernicus annually monitors and reports of the global ocean health and European climate

(Copernicus ocean state report11 and European state of the Climate) in line with the IPCC

indicators and supporting the implementation of the SDGs indicators. In order to achieve such

regular and scientifically peer-reviewed reporting based on long-term monitoring of global

ocean and European regional sea-basins, in-situ ocean observation and satellite capacities

need to be deployed at sea and maintained. Such an effort can only be achieved at

international level while also benefiting the whole in return.

3 ACTION DESCRIPTION

3.1 Objectives

Overall Objective:

The objective of the project is to promote European policy values and assets on the

international stage and defend European interests in international decision-making bodies

addressing ocean observations and the development of marine and maritime applications in

line with the sustainable development goals and the International Ocean Governance.

11

http://marine.copernicus.eu/science-learning/ocean-state-report/, https://climate.copernicus.eu/ESOTC

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Specific Objectives:

1. Participate to two international programmes related to global ocean observation systems

and its user uptake, the GOOS G7 coordination centre and GEO Blue Planet to defend EU

positions: support the space strategy, the international ocean governance objectives,

European research Agenda, ensure worldwide recognition of the EU contribution to ocean

observations and ocean monitoring, and ensure that European priorities are taken into

account in related associated international decision-making;

2. Consolidate the performances of the Copernicus marine and climate services by

improving the deployment and access to critical ocean observations used in combination

with Copernicus satellites to produce information products in support to EU policies;

3. Contribute to the development of sustainable practices in four geographical areas Europe,

Arctic, Africa and Atlantic coasts: Facilitate access to additional sources of ocean

observations and science outside EU to foster the development of marine applications in

line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the International Ocean Governance.

Expected outcomes:

1. Improving the collection and share of ocean observation infrastructures and data, already

existing at international and European levels that enable the monitoring of European

waters and open oceans in support to a sustainable climate transition (e.g. with Copernicus

forecasts and climate projections, National environmental services of higher quality);

2. Developing a step-change approach to move from raw data to the development of

common products and indicators consistent with European Marine Strategy Framework

Directive indicators;

3. Fostering a global international in-situ observation long-term strategy complementary to

satellite observation driven closely with the modelling community, in the perspective of

monitoring the impacts of climate change on ocean health and ecosystems ;

4. Increased awareness of the societal benefits of ocean observations at the public and policy

levels and contribution to the development of sustainable practices related to resilience to

climate change, renewable energies and sustainable fisheries, based on European assets.

5. Consolidation of partnerships with Atlantic, Arctic and African countries based on

exchange of data and joint capacity building.

Work plan:

Actions will be developed in the thematic focus areas of GEO Blue Planet and GOOS G7

coordination centre (coastal communities, ecosystem health, blue economy, maritime

awareness, and climate) according to the existing timelines of both programs12

. The PI work

plan includes three pillars of activities:

1. Scientific diplomacy: contribute to strategic planning and co-coordinate actions in the

GOOS G7 coordination centre and GEO Blue Planet based on existing European

investments (cf. § 2.4) and ensure their promotion to main international stakeholders (e.g.

G7 Member States, European Member States, regional sea conventions, GEO Members,

OECD, African, Arctic and Atlantic stakeholders);

12

Draft work plan for the G7 coordination centre, Feb. 2019; GEO Blue Planet Implementation Plan, v2.0,

March 2019

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2. Technical coordination: co-animate and contribute to scientific and technical working

groups including developing specific actions in relation to the main priorities of the

Commission and EU Member States;

3. Scientific and societal awareness and outreach: engage with actors along the value chain

to promote the use of ocean observations, the development of sustainable applications and

best practices related to seas and oceans with training, technology transfer and scientific

exchanges across regions addressed by Europe.

3.2 Stakeholders

To ensure its success, the PI action benefits from the current European organisations,

investments and infrastructures available in ocean science, operational oceanography and

Earth Observation (space and in-situ) presented in §2.4. International diplomacy will be

carried out in close cooperation with the External Action service.

The action will be driven in close cooperation with some international partners:

- NOAA in USA: implementing long term cooperation with Europe in the space sector for

oceanography (Sentinel-6 and Jason), co-chairing the GEO and GEO Blue Planet;

- CSIRO in Australia : member of GEO, having signed a cooperation agreement with

Copernicus in 2015 and supporting the secretariat of GEO Blue Planet;

- POGO, in UK: the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean (POGO), an

international consortium of oceanographic research institutions whose mission is to

support the implementation and innovation of global ocean observations,;

- The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission which is the representative for ocean

matters for the United Nations through from UNESCO13

;

- The other G7 countries that subscribed to the Future Seas and Oceans initiative.

3.3 Risk assessment and management

Risk description

Risk

level

(High,

Medium,

Low)

Mitigating measure

Diplomacy with core partners:

USA, Australia, UK:

Possible low access to their

ocean observations and lack of

coordination of investments.

L Reallocation of the work between the other

partners and co-chairs of programs to define top

priorities acceptable at international level

Loose process of coordination

with GEO Blue Planet and the

G7 coordination centre:

L Existing work plans for GOOS G7 coordination

centre and GEO Blue Planet. Annual and multi-

annual work plan with partners driven by the EU

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UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) promotes international cooperation and

coordinates programmes in marine research, services, observation systems, hazard mitigation, and capacity

development in order to understand and effectively manage the resources of the ocean and coastal areas. IOC

holds a universal mandate and global convening power for ocean science and capacity development in support of

the 2030 Agenda and its sustainable goals. Cf. https://en.unesco.org/sdgs/ioc and

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/about-us/

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Possible lack of concrete

results

team will be prepared with activities focused on

top priorities for EU: Europe, Arctic, Atlantic,

and Africa.

Implementation delays given

the volume of technical work

and communication to handle:

Possible delays in achieving

expected outcomes

L Risk mitigated by the approval of annual work

plans between partners. Targeted geographical

and thematic areas of interventions areas.

roadmap prepared at the end of the PI action for

the continuity of actions in the next MFF.

3.4 Communication and EU visibility

Communication and visibility of the EU is a legal obligation for all external Actions funded

by the EU.

This Action shall contain communication and visibility measures, which shall be based on a

specific Communication and Visibility Plan of the Action, to be elaborated at the start of

implementation.

Appropriate contractual obligations shall be included in, respectively, the procurement and

grant contracts, and delegation agreements.

The Communication and Visibility Manual for European Union External Action14

, which

came into force on 1 January 2018, shall be used to establish the Communication and

Visibility Plan of the Action and the appropriate contractual obligations.

The specific objectives and proposed work plan identifies a dedicated work package to ensure

visibility of EU assets and strategic interests in the international fora and to revert to

European actors: Member States, research infrastructures, Commission DGs and delegations

on the progress achieved. This will include a communication and visibility plan with:

- Objectives of communication in line with PI general and specific objectives and RIO

convention markers;

- Targeted community such as scientists, service providers, public authorities in Europe,

Africa, Atlantic countries (having signed the Belem and Galway statements) and Arctic;

- Tools and channels of communication that can also support scientific exchange and

transfer of technology;

- Key indicators to assess the communication achievements.

4 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

4.1 Method of implementation

4.1.1 Indirect management

This action may be implemented in indirect management with Mercator-Ocean International.

This implementation entails development and implementation of activities in the thematic

focus areas of the existing programmes GEO Blue Planet and GOOS G7 coordination centre.

The envisaged entity has been selected according to its strong expertise in the relevant areas.

In particular, Mercator-Ocean International has been entrusted by DG GROW to operate the

Copernicus Marine Service since 2015 on behalf of the Commission under a Delegation

14 https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/devco/files/communication-visibility-requirements-2018_en.pdf

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Agreement (in line with REGULATION (EU) No 377/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 3 April 2014 establishing the Copernicus

Programme and repealing Regulation (EU) No 911/2010”, see article 11). Mercator-Ocean

International was also chosen in order to ensure, together with the work of the Steering

Committee, the ownership of the project by the EU and its visibility.

Mercator Ocean is a non-profit company governed by private law under French law with a

public service mission. This legal entity meets the requirement of the Financial Regulation

Article 62 (1) c) (vi) which allows for indirect management with bodies governed by private

law with a public service mission.

The entity identified above, has undergone a pillar-assessment of its systems and procedures

carried out by DG GROW in 2014. Based on its compliance with the conditions, other

indirect management actions were awarded to the entity and based on a long-lasting problem-

free cooperation, the entity can also now implement this action under indirect management.

If negotiations with the above-mentioned entity fail, this action may be implemented in direct

management in accordance with the implementation modalities identified in section 4.1.2.

4.1.2 Changes from indirect to direct management mode due to exceptional circumstances

Where this preferred modality cannot be implemented due to circumstances outside of the

Commission’s control, the alternative implementation modality in direct management is a

service contract through procurement. In this case, the call for tenders is expected to be

launched in 1st Quarter 2020.

4.2 Indicative budget

Method of Implementation Amount in

EUR million

Indirect management with Mercator Ocean International 2.0

Total 2.0

4.3 Organisational set-up and responsibilities

The project will be monitored by relevant EU services through a project coordination team.,

that will be established to report on the project achievements, and make recommendations for

the annual work plan. Relevant Commission services and EEAS will be invited to join to link

with major EU policies (i.e. the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Arctic policy, the

International Ocean Governance action), other on-going programmes (i.e. the GMES-Africa

programme, Horizon Europe) and PI actions related to International Ocean Governance. The

steering committee will be convened at least twice a year.

4.4 Performance monitoring

The day-to-day technical and financial monitoring of the implementation of this Action will

be a continuous process and part of the implementing entity’s responsibilities. To this end, the

implementing entity shall establish a permanent internal, technical and financial monitoring

system for the Action and elaborate regular progress reports (not less than annual) and final

reports.

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Every report shall provide an accurate account of implementation of the Action, difficulties

encountered, changes introduced, as well as the degree of achievement of its results. The

progress and final reports shall provide quantified and qualitative data in relation to the

logical framework indicators, which will include relevant indicators from the list of core and

corporate indicators.

The report shall be laid out in such a way as to allow monitoring of the means envisaged and

employed and of the budget details for the Action. The final report, narrative and financial,

will cover the entire period of the Action implementation:

- Bi-annual progress reporting to the project team and FPI: including technical

achievements, communication achievements; risks monitoring and major expected

milestones in the next reporting period;

- Annual review with the steering committee;

- Annual work plan including the communication plan to be approved by the FPI and the

project team;

- Final reporting including the roadmap for the continuity of the action.

The Commission may undertake additional Action monitoring visits both through its own

staff and through independent consultants recruited directly by the Commission for

independent monitoring reviews (or recruited by the responsible agent contracted by the

Commission for implementing such reviews).

4.5 Evaluation and audit

For this Action, the Commission may carry out interim and/or final/ex-post evaluation(s) via

independent consultants contracted by the Commission based on specific terms of reference.

Without prejudice to the obligations applicable to contracts concluded for the implementation

of this Action, the Commission may, on the basis of a risk assessment, contract independent

audits or expenditure verification assignments.

As the “N+1” rule applies for contracting under this decision, external evaluations and audits,

as well as additional external monitoring referred to under section 4.4. above, will be funded

from sources other than those allocated to this specific Action.