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Floor coatingsFor multi-storey and underground car parks

| F looring | Floor coatings | Car Parks |

It is to be noted that the details, illustrations, general technical information and drawings contained in this document are only general proposals and details which merely describe basic functions schematically. No precise dimensions are included. The applicator/client is independently responsible for determining the suitability and completeness for the product in question. Neighbouring works are described only schematically. All specifications and information must be ad-justed or agreed in the light of local conditions and do not constitute work, detail or assembly plans. The technical specifications and product information in the Technical Data Sheets and in system descriptions/certificates must be observed.

2 | Floor coatings

Contents

Introduction 4

Solutions for bottom slabs 6

Solutions for intermediate decks 7

Solutions for exposed decks 8

Solutions for ramps and turning / cornering areas 9

Solutions for pedestrian areas and stairways 10

4 | Floor coatings Floor coatings | 5

Multi-storey and underground car parks: exceptionally complex tasks for the structural protection of buildings

There is virtually no other kind of buil-ding that varies so greatly in terms of size, shape and stress levels as multi-storey and underground car parks. The spectrum ranges from single-storey underground car parks in apartment houses to vast parking complexes at airports. Particularly in the past, par-king decks were left for the most part without any protective coating, and not even surfaces subject to high traffic volumes were provided with any form of surface protection. The stresses applied to reinforced concrete inside multi-storey car parks are however particularly severe. Vehicles entrain water which in turn contains soluble pollutants. The CO2 concentration is greatly increased as a result of exhaust emissions. Cracks can develop by dri-ving on the intermediate decks through which pollutants can quickly make their way to the reinforcement steel, causing it to corrode. As a conse-quence, elaborate repair work is re-quired. Quite frequently, the physical service life of the structure is compro-mised.

Nowadays, building protection is often part of the planning for new builds. And the colour design is a key factor in the battle to win the hearts and minds of customers.

Floor coating systems for multi-storey and underground car parksProduct benefits ensure the value in use

Sto – competence for multi-storey and underground car parks

Sto has been a leading supplier of floor coatings for multi-storey and underground car parks as well as of systems for protecting and restoring the buildings‘ reinforced concrete elements for decades. Sto‘s high-tech systems have been tried and tested on millions of square metres of flooring.

The requirements for car park coatings are highly diverse depending on the area of use. A floor slab in contact with the ground is subjected to very different stress levels than a raised deck exposed to the elements.

Depending on driving frequency and the associated mechanical stress applied to the various areas of a multi-storey car park, the layer thick-ness and/or the system can be adap-ted to suit anticipated requirements.

Germany is the country with the most comprehensive sets of standards and regulations governing the protection of reinforced concrete building elements. All products offered by Sto were inspected in accordance with these exacting requirements.

There are five main elements in multi-storey car parks. A distinction is made between the following areas of application:

Bottom slabs, mostly water-impermeable concrete

Intermediate decks, open or closed to the side

Exposed decks

Ramps

Pedestrian areas, stairways

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Competence ensures the property valueIndividual solutions for individual tasks

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6 | Floor coatings Floor coatings | 7

Solutions for bottom slabsRising damp – the great enemy of coating systems – and how to combat it

Solutions for intermediate decksRigid with accompanying crack treatmentor crack-bridging

On intermediate decks, cracks candevelop which exhibit changes in crack width as a result of temperature and load reversal stresses. These are known as dynamic cracks. For this reason, crack-bridging, elastic coatingsystems are often used.

The primary task of floor coatings in multi-storey car parks is to protect the substrate. Any coating needs to provide reliable and lasting protection against the ingress of water and poten-tially entrained pollutants, especially to the reinforced concrete. It is equally important to find a reliable solution to the problem of rising damp. When damp affects the reverse side of a slab, bubbles can form in coatings which can cause them to peel. To prevent this, diffusion-capable coating systems based on water-emulsified epoxy resins have proven their capabilities. They enable water to diffuse in the form of steam / vapour but are non-permeable to water in liquid form.

Bottom slabs

Requirements • Nodynamiccrack-bridgingrequirements• Nolargeorsuddentemperaturechanges• Dangerofuprisingmoisturefromtheconcretecore

Description Structureofarigid,watervapourpermeableepoxyresinsystemStructureofarigid,watervapourpermeableepoxyresinsystemwithintegratedanti-skidfiller

Key features• Highanti-skidproperties• Highdurability• Watervapourpermeable

• Easymaintenance• Convenientsolution• Anti-skidproperties• Homogeneousapplication• Watervapourpermeable

Layer thickness 0.5-1.0mm(layerthicknessisvariable,dependingonthemechanicalstress)

approx0.25mm

Steps 1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxWG1003. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand4. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxWL1005. Topsealing,StoPoxWL100

1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxWG1003. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxWL100anti-skid4. Topsealing,StoPoxWL100anti-skid

System view

Intermediate decks

Requirements • Loworincreasedrequirementsoncrack-bridgingproperties• Slightorlargetemperaturechanges

Description Structureofarigidepoxyresinsystem Structureofacrack-bridgingepoxyresinsystemStructureofaUVresistantepoxy/polyurethanesystem

Key features • Chemicalresistant• Highdurability

• Flexiblesystem• Highdurability

• UVresistant,hencepreventschalking• Highdurability

Layer thickness 0.5-1.0mm(layerthicknessisvariable,dependingonthemechanicalstress)

approx.3.5mm 0.5-1.0mm

Steps 1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxGH2053. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand4. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxBB5. Topsealing,StoPoxBB

1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxGH2053. Elasticabrasivelayer,StoPoxTEP MultiTopfilledwithquartzsand4. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand5. Topsealing,StoPoxDV100

1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxGH2053. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand4. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxBB5. Topsealing,StoPoxBB6. UVresistanttopsealing,StoPurPAC

System view

8 | Floor coatings Floor coatings | 9

Solutions for exposed decksResistant to extreme weather

As a result of the stringent require-ments constituted by exposure to the weather and its associated rapid temperature changes, it is a standard practice to use crack-bridging, elastic coating systems.

Solutions for ramps and turning / cornering areasStrong protection against continuous up and down

The highest volumes of traffic are encountered on ramps because these are the only way to access parking decks. Coating systems therefore need to be particularly hard-wearing. At the same time, they have to pro-vide good grip to prevent accidents resulting from skidding. In this context, robust epoxy resin coatings have proven to increase grip, often in conjunction with the spreading of road grit or similar materials.

A sufficient layer thickness of the coating is required to make it dura-ble.

Exposed decks

Requirements • Increasedrequirementforcrack-bridgingproperties• Largetemperaturechangesarepossible•Lowtemperaturespossible• Increasedslipresistancerequirement

Description Structureofanincreasedcrack-bridgingepoxyresinsystem

Key features • Resistantagainstoilandfuels• Weatherproof• Waterproof

Layer thickness approx.5mm

Steps 1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxGH2053. Elasticlayer,StoPoxTEPMultiTop (180-200%elongation)4. Elasticabrasionlayer,StoPoxTEPfilledwithquatzsand5. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand6. Topsealing,StoPoxDV100

System view

Ramps and turning / cornering areas

Requirements• Lowrequirementsoncrackbridgingproperties• Highcoastingandwearingloads• Increasedslipresistancerequirement

Description Structureofarigidepoxyresinsystem Structureofarigid,watervapourpermeableepoxyresinsystem

Key features • Highanti-skidproperties• Highdurability

• Highdurability• Highanti-skidproperties• Watervapourpermeable

Layer thickness 0.5to1.0mm(layerthicknessisvariable,dependingonthemechanicalstress)

1-1.5mm(layerthicknessisvariable,dependingonthemechanicalstress)

Steps 1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxGH2053. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand4. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxBB5. Topsealing,StoPoxBB

1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxWG1003. Leveller,StoPoxWG100filledwithquartzsand(optionalforcorneringarea)4. Scatteredcoatofquartzsand5. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxWL1006. Topsealing,StoPoxWL100

System view

SGBP 2014-341

10 | Floor coatings

Solutions for pedestrian areas and stairwaysPreventing slip injuries on stairways

It is extremely important to ensure that pedestrain areas and stairways are safe and slip proof. Coating sys-tems therefore need to be particularly hard-wearing and durable. At the same time, they have to provide good grip to prevent accidents resulting from slipping.

The company | 5

Pedestrian areas and stairways

Requirements •Norequirementsoncrackbridgingproperties• Nolargetemperaturechanges

Description Structureofarigid,watervapourpermeableepoxyresinsystem Structureofarigidepoxyresinsystem

Key features • Anti-skidproperties• Watervapourpermeable

• Anti-skidproperties

Layer thickness approx0.25mm approx0.30mm

Steps 1. Concretesubstrate2. Primer,StoPoxWG1003. Intermediatesealing,StoPoxWL100anti-skid4. Topsealing,StoPoxWL100anti-skid

1.Concretesubstrate2.Primer,StoPoxGH2053.Intermediatesealing,StoPoxBBanti-skid4.Topsealing,StoPoxBBanti-skid

System view

Singapore

Sto SEA Pte. Ltd.

159 Sin Ming Road

#06-02, Amtech Building

Singapore 575625

Phone +65 6453 3080

Fax +65 6453 3543

e-mail info.sg@sto.com

www-sto-sea.com

Malaysia

Sto SEA Sdn. Bhd.

No.15 Jalan Teknologi PJU 3/3A

Surian Industrial Park,

Kota Damansara

47810 Petaling Jaya,

Selangor, Malaysia

Tel: +603 6156 6133

Fax: +603 6156 7133

e-mail info.sg@sto.com

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