ACEM REPORT 2012

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ACEM REPORTThe Motorcycle Industry in Europe

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ACEM REPORTThe Motorcycle Industry in Europe

Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles

ACEM REPORT The Motorcycle Industry in Europe

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Table of Content ACEM IN BRIEF..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5The ACEM MembersThe ACEM Members......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

ManufacturersManufacturers..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5National AssociationsNational Associations..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Foreword by Hendrik von Kuenheim ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Introduction by Jacques Compagne, ACEM Secretary General .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7

Who we are ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8Our Mission ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9The Industry philosophy: responsible commitment..................................................................................................................................................................................9The Industry philosophy: responsible commitment..................................................................................................................................................................................9

The Motorcycle Industry’s Policy Agenda ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13New type-approval Regulation for L-category vehicles..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13

MOBILITY ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17The Quality of our Lives Relies on Mobility......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18More Powered Two-Wheelers would ease congestion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20Urban Mobility................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21Leisure, Tourism and Sport............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24

ROAD SAFETY..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26The Industry Strategy ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26Improving the Knowledge............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26The Vehicle ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28

Advanced Braking Systems................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28Lighting and conspicuity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30ITS..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30Tampering.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31Tampering.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31

Licensing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3131Guidelines on Motorcycle equipment ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3333The Infrastructure ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

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ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35Regulated Pollutantsegulated Pollutantsegulated Pollutants.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35ACEM proactive proposalsACEM proactive proposalsACEM proactive proposalsACEM proactive proposals ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36Motorcycle emissions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36Motorcycle emissions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36CO2..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38On-board Diagnostics................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38Noise ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39Periodic Inspection..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

ECONOMY AND COMPETITION .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41The PTW Sector at a Glance .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41Internal Market ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43The increasing Competition in the PTW sectorThe increasing Competition in the PTW sector...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43Main Market Trends ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4444The manufacturing of motorcyclesThe manufacturing of motorcycles......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4646Employment ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48The downstream activity..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50The downstream activity..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50The downstream activity..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50The upstream activities : a tentative estimationThe upstream activities : a tentative estimation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................52The Europe PTW : an overviewThe Europe PTW : an overview..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53Internal market and competitionInternal market and competition ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54International Trade : A Strategic PriorityInternational Trade : A Strategic Priority ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55

HOW DOES ACEM WORK?..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58ACEM Organisational Chart: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58The Activity of ACEM’s Committees ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................59

A presentation by ACEM’s Coordinating Committee ChairmanA presentation by ACEM’s Coordinating Committee Chairman............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................59Market and Transport Policy CommitteeMarket and Transport Policy Committee................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................60Road Safety CommitteeRoad Safety Committee ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61Environment CommitteeEnvironment Committee....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................62Electric Vehicle CommitteeElectric Vehicle Committee ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................62Legal Affairs CommitteeLegal Affairs Committee........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................63

ACEM Secretariat ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................64


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• ACEM means “Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles”. ACEM represents the Motorcycle Industry in Europe and, as such, is one of many • ACEM means “Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles”. ACEM represents the Motorcycle Industry in Europe and, as such, is one of many • ACEM means “Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles”. ACEM represents the Motorcycle Industry in Europe and, as such, is one of many • ACEM means “Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles”. ACEM represents the Motorcycle Industry in Europe and, as such, is one of many interest groups that contribute to an informed decision-making process in the EU.interest groups that contribute to an informed decision-making process in the EU.

• ACEM has thirty members, out of which 13 are manufacturers and 17 national PTW industry associations in Europe.• ACEM has thirty members, out of which 13 are manufacturers and 17 national PTW industry associations in Europe.• ACEM, based in Brussels, was established in 1994 from the merger of COLIMO (Comité de Liaison de l’Industrie du Motocycle) established in 1962 and • ACEM, based in Brussels, was established in 1994 from the merger of COLIMO (Comité de Liaison de l’Industrie du Motocycle) established in 1962 and

composed of eight national associations, and ACEM founded in 1990 by the eight main European companies in the field.composed of eight national associations, and ACEM founded in 1990 by the eight main European companies in the field.composed of eight national associations, and ACEM founded in 1990 by the eight main European companies in the field.• ACEM provides clear and factual information concerning the European powered two-wheeler industry and fosters the understanding of the sector’s • ACEM provides clear and factual information concerning the European powered two-wheeler industry and fosters the understanding of the sector’s • ACEM provides clear and factual information concerning the European powered two-wheeler industry and fosters the understanding of the sector’s

importance, its complexity and its contributions to society.importance, its complexity and its contributions to society.

ACEM IN BRIEF

The ACEM Members

Manufacturers• BMW Motorrad• Bombardier Recreational Productsdier Recreational Products• Ducati• Harley Davidson• Honda• Kawasaki• KTMKTMK• Peugeot• Piaggio• Suzuki• YamahaYamahaY• TTriumphriumph• Victory Motorcyclesictory Motorcyclesictory Motorcycles

National Associations• AIA, Automotive Industry Association (Czech Republic) • AIMID, Association of Irish Motorcycle Importers & Distributors • AMVIR, Association of Motor Vehicle Importers-Representatives (Greece)• ANCMA-Confindustria, Associazione Nazionale Ciclo Motociclo Accessori (Italy) • ANESDOR, Asociacion Nacional de Empresas del Sector de dos Ruedas (Spain) • Arge2Rad, Association of PTW Manufacturers and Importers (Austria)• C.S.I.A.M., Chambre Syndicale des Importateurs d’Automobiles et de Motocycles (France) e Syndicale des Importateurs d’Automobiles et de Motocycles (France) • CSNM, Chambre Syndicale Nationale du Motocycle (France) • EQUAL, European Quadricycle League • FEBIAC, Automobile and cycle industry association (Belgium) • FFÖ, Fachverband der Fahrzeugindustrie Österreichs (Austria) • IVM e.V, Industrie-Verband Motorrad (Germany) • MCIA, Motorcycle Industry Association (UK) • McRF, Moped & Motorcykelbranschens Riksförbund (Sweden) • MOTED, Motorcycle Industry Association (Turkey)MOTED, Motorcycle Industry Association (Turkey)MO• PZPM, Polski Zwi∂zek Przemysłu Motoryzacyjnego (Poland) • RAI, Association Nederlandse Vereniging De Rijwiel en Automobielindustrie (The Netherlands)ssociation Nederlandse Vereniging De Rijwiel en Automobielindustrie (The Netherlands)


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Foreword by Hendrik von Kuenheim, ACEM President

Innovating our mobility paradigm

The impact of the crisis on our sector has been severe. Over the period 2007-2011 the whole European market shrunk by more than one third wiping out some historic brands. The market situation is presently still depressed, and whilst

we need to remain positive there is no real tangible sign of recovery.we need to remain positive there is no real tangible sign of recovery.

In these conditions, better regulation such as ensuring a reliable and favourable In these conditions, better regulation such as ensuring a reliable and favourable regulatory framework, based on overall assessment of economic and social impact, are of utmost importance, in particular for smaller industries. A new EU type-approval framework for our sector is currently under discussion in Brussels – I can only stress again the absolute need for the industry to have a stable, predictable and especially a feasible regulatory environment to underpin our long-term investment strategies.

The role of Powered Two-Wheelers has recently been emphasised in the White Paper on Transport published by the European Commission, which stresses “the use of smaller, lighter and more specialised road passenger vehicles must be encouraged” for urban mobility and commuting.

This industry has a long tradition in providing mobility solutions answering this policy objective – ACEM manufacturers in particular have shown their ability to innovate, with motorcycles, scooters, tricycles and quadricycles ability to innovate, with motorcycles, scooters, tricycles and quadricycles which have brought a new mobility paradigm to our streets.which have brought a new mobility paradigm to our streets.

Studies confirm the self-evident benefits of the participation of such vehicles Studies confirm the self-evident benefits of the participation of such vehicles in a multimodal transport system, in terms of increased, more efficient in a multimodal transport system, in terms of increased, more efficient mobility – they allow shorter travelling times, reduce congestion and space mobility – they allow shorter travelling times, reduce congestion and space occupation, overall lessening the impact on the environment and the occupation, overall lessening the impact on the environment and the infrastructure.infrastructure.

Looking ahead to 2020 and beyond, the European strategy on clean and Looking ahead to 2020 and beyond, the European strategy on clean and Looking ahead to 2020 and beyond, the European strategy on clean and energy efficient vehicles also clearly includes ACEM members amongst the energy efficient vehicles also clearly includes ACEM members amongst the energy efficient vehicles also clearly includes ACEM members amongst the solution providers, in particular in urban mobility. The CARS21 interim report solution providers, in particular in urban mobility. The CARS21 interim report solution providers, in particular in urban mobility. The CARS21 interim report puts a strong emphasis on electromobility, calling for the further development puts a strong emphasis on electromobility, calling for the further development puts a strong emphasis on electromobility, calling for the further development of vehicle technology, recharching standards and infrastructure, from a niche of vehicle technology, recharching standards and infrastructure, from a niche of vehicle technology, recharching standards and infrastructure, from a niche into a segment of the market. This requires investment but just as importantly into a segment of the market. This requires investment but just as importantly into a segment of the market. This requires investment but just as importantly or perhaps more importantly, building consumer confidence. or perhaps more importantly, building consumer confidence.

Electromobility is becoming a reality in some segments of our production, Electromobility is becoming a reality in some segments of our production, Electromobility is becoming a reality in some segments of our production, due to the specialised use and light weight of our products, with vehicles due to the specialised use and light weight of our products, with vehicles already on the market, others close to market introduction and more in the already on the market, others close to market introduction and more in the pipeline. Whilst the light vehicle electric segment is still small, it has been pipeline. Whilst the light vehicle electric segment is still small, it has been doubling year on year, and is forecast to reach 50,000 units sold yearly in the doubling year on year, and is forecast to reach 50,000 units sold yearly in the EU in 2020. However, strong political support is necessary to further develop EU in 2020. However, strong political support is necessary to further develop this reality allowing the demand of these innovative products to meet the this reality allowing the demand of these innovative products to meet the offer.

A main priority for PTW manufacturers remains the further improvement of A main priority for PTW manufacturers remains the further improvement of energy efficiency in order to contribute to emission reduction objectives. energy efficiency in order to contribute to emission reduction objectives. I believe it is therefore our shared interest to support the growth of this I believe it is therefore our shared interest to support the growth of this transport mode, and would argue this will also prove beneficial to the wider transport mode, and would argue this will also prove beneficial to the wider automotive sector, as it will contribute to ease congestion and increase quality automotive sector, as it will contribute to ease congestion and increase quality of life especially in urban environments.of life especially in urban environments.

The year 2012 will be challenging in light of the uncertain development of The year 2012 will be challenging in light of the uncertain development of the economies in major markets around the world and in particular in Europe, the economies in major markets around the world and in particular in Europe, where it is extremely important that confidence in the Euro zone be restored. where it is extremely important that confidence in the Euro zone be restored. The European Motorcycle Industry strives to maintain its leadership in safety The European Motorcycle Industry strives to maintain its leadership in safety and environmental technologies, thereby contributing to sustainable growth and environmental technologies, thereby contributing to sustainable growth and environmental technologies, thereby contributing to sustainable growth

in Europe and abroad.in Europe and abroad.

Hendrik von KuenheimPRESIDENT of ACEM and

CEO of BMW Motorrad

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Putting the Motorcycle Industry on the map

Ever since it was founded in 1994, ACEM has been contributing to enriching the policy debate been contributing to enriching the policy debate at European level on issues of interest to the at European level on issues of interest to the motorcycle sector. Over the years, as a reflection motorcycle sector. Over the years, as a reflection

of a very dynamic industry able to develop innovative and exciting solutions of a very dynamic industry able to develop innovative and exciting solutions of a very dynamic industry able to develop innovative and exciting solutions for urban mobility and leisure, ACEM has grown in terms of membership, with for urban mobility and leisure, ACEM has grown in terms of membership, with the active presence of all main manufacturers of L category vehicles (mopeds, the active presence of all main manufacturers of L category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles, quadricycles) and a network of National associationsmotorcycles, tricycles, quadricycles) and a network of National associations

As a result, ACEM has also become more active in new fields, bringing forward As a result, ACEM has also become more active in new fields, bringing forward the views of the Motorcycle Industry on important issues ranging from purely the views of the Motorcycle Industry on important issues ranging from purely technical dossiers such as type-approval to more societal topics such as technical dossiers such as type-approval to more societal topics such as mobility, safety, environment. It has also broadened its activities in economic mobility, safety, environment. It has also broadened its activities in economic areas, developing market analysis tools and contributing to consultations areas, developing market analysis tools and contributing to consultations carried out by the EU within trade negotiations with other regions of the carried out by the EU within trade negotiations with other regions of the

world. Finally, it has been increasingly contributing to conveying the vision world. Finally, it has been increasingly contributing to conveying the vision of this industry, in the field of individual passenger transport and logistics, of this industry, in the field of individual passenger transport and logistics, by taking part to initiatives such as CARS21, European research projects and by taking part to initiatives such as CARS21, European research projects and debates about innovation and the future of transport.debates about innovation and the future of transport.

In these difficult economic times, the role of ACEM as an interface between the In these difficult economic times, the role of ACEM as an interface between the In these difficult economic times, the role of ACEM as an interface between the motorcycle sector, officials and policy makers takes an even more fundamental motorcycle sector, officials and policy makers takes an even more fundamental motorcycle sector, officials and policy makers takes an even more fundamental dimension, in order to inform about the specificities of this industry and dimension, in order to inform about the specificities of this industry and dimension, in order to inform about the specificities of this industry and the wide range of specialised vehicles it produces, our contribution to the the wide range of specialised vehicles it produces, our contribution to the the wide range of specialised vehicles it produces, our contribution to the the wide range of specialised vehicles it produces, our contribution to the economy and employment in the EU, and the opportunities which need to economy and employment in the EU, and the opportunities which need to economy and employment in the EU, and the opportunities which need to be seized, in the interest of the sector and society as a whole.

This second edition of the ACEM Report wishes to provide an insight into This second edition of the ACEM Report wishes to provide an insight into the Motorcycle Industry and an overview of what this industry stands for- the Motorcycle Industry and an overview of what this industry stands for- responsible commitment to more sustainable mobility, today and in the responsible commitment to more sustainable mobility, today and in the future.

Jacques CompagneSECRETARY GENERAL of ACEM

Introduction by Jacques Compagne, ACEM Secretary General


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ACEM, the Motorcycle Industry in Europe, is the professional body ACEM, the Motorcycle Industry in Europe, is the professional body representing the interests and combined skills of 13 Powered Two-representing the interests and combined skills of 13 Powered Two-Wheelers manufacturers, and 17 national associations out of 13 Wheelers manufacturers, and 17 national associations out of 13 European countries. ACEM directly represents a total of 25 Powered European countries. ACEM directly represents a total of 25 Powered Two-Wheeler brands. Two-Wheeler brands.

In Europe over 150.000 jobs depend on the Powered Two-Wheeler In Europe over 150.000 jobs depend on the Powered Two-Wheeler industry. The aggregated turnover of the sector (manufacturing, plus industry. The aggregated turnover of the sector (manufacturing, plus upstream and downstream activities) amounted to Euro 34 billion in upstream and downstream activities) amounted to Euro 34 billion in 2008. Manufacturers alone account for Euro 7 billion. The members 2008. Manufacturers alone account for Euro 7 billion. The members of ACEM are responsible for 90% of the production and up to 80% of of ACEM are responsible for 90% of the production and up to 80% of the European Powered Two-Wheeler market which culminated at 2.7 the European Powered Two-Wheeler market which culminated at 2.7 million units in 2007.

The variety of products offered by ACEM manufacturers are represented by the large amount of styles and segments such as moped, scooter, street, naked, super-sport, touring, supermoto and off-road bikes.

ACEM was created in 1994 by the merger of two Associations of manufacturers of Powered Two-Wheelers, namely COLIMO (Comité de Liaison de l’Industrie du Motocycle) established in 1962 and composed of eight national associations; and ACEM (Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles) founded in 1990 by the eight main European companies in the field.

Upon its creation, the manufacturers of motorcycles in Europe decided to maintain the name ACEM as a sign of continuity of their presence to maintain the name ACEM as a sign of continuity of their presence in Brussels, whose legal identity is Groupement Européen d’Interêt in Brussels, whose legal identity is Groupement Européen d’Interêt Economique according to European law.Economique according to European law.

The scope of ACEM has expanded together with the growing The scope of ACEM has expanded together with the growing competences of the European Union and related activities within competences of the European Union and related activities within Member States. ACEM covers issues and technical requirements in policy Member States. ACEM covers issues and technical requirements in policy

fields such as environment, road safety, trade, taxation and transport fields such as environment, road safety, trade, taxation and transport fields such as environment, road safety, trade, taxation and transport seeking a broad view of the complex economic, social, political, and seeking a broad view of the complex economic, social, political, and seeking a broad view of the complex economic, social, political, and legal issues surrounding European integration that all together represent legal issues surrounding European integration that all together represent legal issues surrounding European integration that all together represent challenges and opportunities for the Motorcycle Industry.challenges and opportunities for the Motorcycle Industry.

Who we are

Victory Motorcycles is ACEM’s 13th manufacturer

During the General Assembly held in Oxford on 25 March, ACEM welcomed Victory Motorcycles as the 13th manufacturer in the association. Victory Motorcycles is based in Minnesota, United States. It began production in 1998. Its parent company, Polaris Industries, created the firm enriching its line-up of light vehicles. Victory products are American-style motorcycles with V-twin engines and touring, sport-touring, and cruiser configurations.

In addition to motorcycles, Polaris Inc is a manufacturer of off-road vehicles (Quadricycles and All Terrain Vehicles, Side-by-Side Vehicles and Snowmobiles). Polaris markets its products around the world. Polaris’ annual revenue in 2010 was approximately 2 Billion US Dollars (1.5 B Euros), with approximately 12% of total sales is from EU.

Victory sells motorcycles in North America, Europe, and other global markets with a substantial, growing subsidiary and distributor network for sales and service in Europe.

Victory Motorcycles has been selling whole vehicle type-approved motorcycles in the EU market since calendar year 2009. The Model Year 2012 line-up includes 14 EU models covered by four type approvals.

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The process of market globalisation, the effects of a serious world The process of market globalisation, the effects of a serious world economic crisis and the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty all have economic crisis and the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty all have consequences on the lives of European citizens and businesses. Industry consequences on the lives of European citizens and businesses. Industry responsibility now extends not only to the needs of the market, but also responsibility now extends not only to the needs of the market, but also to its employees, the environment and society as a whole. The principle to its employees, the environment and society as a whole. The principle of sustainable development is synonymous with this philosophy. It is of sustainable development is synonymous with this philosophy. It is based on the fundamental belief that this generation should not live at based on the fundamental belief that this generation should not live at the expense of the next.the expense of the next.

The Motorcycle Industry in Europe is committed to applying the The Motorcycle Industry in Europe is committed to applying the The Motorcycle Industry in Europe is committed to applying the principles of sustainability as a key part of the effort to develop its market principles of sustainability as a key part of the effort to develop its market principles of sustainability as a key part of the effort to develop its market and value. Manufacturers wish to contribute to the development of a and value. Manufacturers wish to contribute to the development of a and value. Manufacturers wish to contribute to the development of a vision for the future of transportation, and to meet the expectations vision for the future of transportation, and to meet the expectations vision for the future of transportation, and to meet the expectations placed on the Powered Two-Wheeler sector. Creating and safeguarding placed on the Powered Two-Wheeler sector. Creating and safeguarding placed on the Powered Two-Wheeler sector. Creating and safeguarding

jobs through innovative and problem-solving expertise are just as jobs through innovative and problem-solving expertise are just as important as the commitment to the environment, society and open important as the commitment to the environment, society and open dialogue. This long-term, value-oriented philosophy is exemplified dialogue. This long-term, value-oriented philosophy is exemplified by the ACEM missions, positions and initiatives and every member of by the ACEM missions, positions and initiatives and every member of ACEM is called upon to implement these objectives in its own sphere ACEM is called upon to implement these objectives in its own sphere of activity. In this respect, ACEM members put forward their views on of activity. In this respect, ACEM members put forward their views on policies having an impact on the Motorcycle Industry and work towards policies having an impact on the Motorcycle Industry and work towards developing a constructive dialogue with officials and decision-makers. developing a constructive dialogue with officials and decision-makers.

The Motorcycle Industry in Europe will continue to bring its contribution, The Motorcycle Industry in Europe will continue to bring its contribution, shaping the future and searching for solutions to tomorrow’s transport shaping the future and searching for solutions to tomorrow’s transport challenges, while setting an example of long term commitment to challenges, while setting an example of long term commitment to corporate and social responsibility.

The Industry philosophy : responsible commitment

Our Mission

TTo develop products as socially responsible solutions to new mobility and sustainability challenges,o develop products as socially responsible solutions to new mobility and sustainability challenges,o develop products as socially responsible solutions to new mobility and sustainability challenges,o develop products as socially responsible solutions to new mobility and sustainability challenges,To develop products as socially responsible solutions to new mobility and sustainability challenges,TTo develop products as socially responsible solutions to new mobility and sustainability challenges,T

to support European Road Safety Action Programmes,o support European Road Safety Action Programmes,

to minimize the environmental impact of our products and processes,o minimize the environmental impact of our products and processes,

tto establish a strong competitive and profitable industry in Europe.o establish a strong competitive and profitable industry in Europe.o establish a strong competitive and profitable industry in Europe.

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AIMID

BrandsAssociations

The Motorcycle Industry in Europe

ACEM Members

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The Motorcycle Industry’s Policy Agenda

Type-approval, or homologation, is the test any vehicle needs to successfully Type-approval, or homologation, is the test any vehicle needs to successfully pass to be deemed allowed on public roads.pass to be deemed allowed on public roads.

In October 2010 the European Commission published its proposal concerning In October 2010 the European Commission published its proposal concerning the Regulation “on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel the Regulation “on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles”. Previous provisions regulating L-category emissions vehicles and quadricycles”. Previous provisions regulating L-category emissions and safety requirements dated back to 2002. This document is a good basis for and safety requirements dated back to 2002. This document is a good basis for the legislative process, but ACEM believes that much remains to be done to the legislative process, but ACEM believes that much remains to be done to enable a smooth transition to a solid and feasible policy framework.enable a smooth transition to a solid and feasible policy framework.

It must be stated beforehand that one of the most important and welcome It must be stated beforehand that one of the most important and welcome It must be stated beforehand that one of the most important and welcome outcomes of this Regulation will be the creation of a level playing field, as outcomes of this Regulation will be the creation of a level playing field, as outcomes of this Regulation will be the creation of a level playing field, as the provisions related to market surveillance and many technical aspects will the provisions related to market surveillance and many technical aspects will the provisions related to market surveillance and many technical aspects will result in ensuring the conditions for a healthy and fair competition within the result in ensuring the conditions for a healthy and fair competition within the result in ensuring the conditions for a healthy and fair competition within the motorcycle sector, provided that action means are deployed at national level in motorcycle sector, provided that action means are deployed at national level in motorcycle sector, provided that action means are deployed at national level in a coordinated way. ACEM appreciates also that some of the industry proposals a coordinated way. ACEM appreciates also that some of the industry proposals a coordinated way. ACEM appreciates also that some of the industry proposals have been incorporated in the EC proposal; mandatory Automatic Headlamp have been incorporated in the EC proposal; mandatory Automatic Headlamp have been incorporated in the EC proposal; mandatory Automatic Headlamp On, adopted by ACEM Members since 2003, is one of them. It is perceived as On, adopted by ACEM Members since 2003, is one of them. It is perceived as On, adopted by ACEM Members since 2003, is one of them. It is perceived as

recognition of the quality of our proposals and the responsible attitude of ACEM recognition of the quality of our proposals and the responsible attitude of ACEM manufacturers regarding their societal obligations.

COM 2010/542, as the industry’s proposal is now known, is highly technical COM 2010/542, as the industry’s proposal is now known, is highly technical presenting a series of provisions in the fields of categorisation, simplification, presenting a series of provisions in the fields of categorisation, simplification, environment, safety and market surveillance. All of them will have an impact on environment, safety and market surveillance. All of them will have an impact on the production planning and cost of the products. Every effort must be made to the production planning and cost of the products. Every effort must be made to ensure that the “framework” is comprehensive in its scope, coherent with current ensure that the “framework” is comprehensive in its scope, coherent with current production and commitments, allowing sufficient lead-time for manufacturers, production and commitments, allowing sufficient lead-time for manufacturers, component suppliers and administrations to adapt to the many changes component suppliers and administrations to adapt to the many changes proposed. Furthermore, any careful evaluation must take into consideration the proposed. Furthermore, any careful evaluation must take into consideration the current economic context.

This regulation falls during a critical time for the motorcycle industry. Only an This regulation falls during a critical time for the motorcycle industry. Only an unbiased understanding of the time frame required by the industry to develop unbiased understanding of the time frame required by the industry to develop a new product from the concept research phase to the actual launch on the a new product from the concept research phase to the actual launch on the market will avoid an unnecessary increase of costs while ensuring employment market will avoid an unnecessary increase of costs while ensuring employment and the competitiveness of the sector in Europe.

What are Powered Two-Wheelers? • Theterm“PoweredTwo-Wheeler”(PTW)coversawiderangeofvehiclesfrommopeds,scootersandothersmallcapacitymotorcycles,ideal

for urban journeys, to large capacity custom, sports and touring models.• PTWarenotlimitedtosingletrackmotorisedvehicles.ChangesinuserbehaviourandeconomicfactorshaveleadtothedevelopmentofnewthreeandfourwheeledvehicleconceptswhichincreasedthePTWfamily.

•PoweredTwo-WheelersfallundertheL-categorylegaldefinition,whichalsoincludestricycles,minicarsandlightcommercialquadricycles.• These vehicles, since the early eighties, have experienced tremendous technical and design improvements. PTW manufacturers havedevelopedandmarketedsafer,moreaffordable,moreeconomicaltorunandmorecomfortableproducts.RidingaPTWhasalsobecomeeasier and today the range of available models can satisfy the most varied user needs.

The new Type-Approval Regulation for L-category vehicles

* Plenary vote in the European Parliament is expected to be held by in spring 2012.* Plenary vote in the European Parliament is expected to be held by in spring 2012.* Plenary vote in the European Parliament is expected to be held by in spring 2012.


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On December 5th 2011 the European Parliament’s Committee on the Internal 2011 the European Parliament’s Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) voted on its report on the European Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) voted on its report on the European Commission proposal. The IMCO Committee reviewed the introduction date Commission proposal. The IMCO Committee reviewed the introduction date of the first measures, without however reaching a complete streamlining of the of the first measures, without however reaching a complete streamlining of the complex set of new prescriptions foreseen for the type-approval of L-category complex set of new prescriptions foreseen for the type-approval of L-category vehicles.

Acknowledging an unprecedentedly difficult market environment for the Acknowledging an unprecedentedly difficult market environment for the motorcycle industry, the vote of the IMCO Committee took into account the motorcycle industry, the vote of the IMCO Committee took into account the demands of the industry for feasible lead-time before introducing new type-demands of the industry for feasible lead-time before introducing new type-approval requirements for L-category vehicles.approval requirements for L-category vehicles.

ACEM has been calling for a rationalization of the EC proposed timetable of ACEM has been calling for a rationalization of the EC proposed timetable of the regulation made complex due to the creation of new vehicle categories the regulation made complex due to the creation of new vehicle categories and a multitude of different prescriptions unevenly scattered over a nine years and a multitude of different prescriptions unevenly scattered over a nine years period. The amendments voted by the IMCO Committee make an attempt at streamlining the calendar, without however reaching necessary rationalization.

The IMCO Committee also voted to delete one emission reduction step for The IMCO Committee also voted to delete one emission reduction step for The IMCO Committee also voted to delete one emission reduction step for The IMCO Committee also voted to delete one emission reduction step for all categories of vehicles except mopeds, however tightening the reduction all categories of vehicles except mopeds, however tightening the reduction all categories of vehicles except mopeds, however tightening the reduction process and making ABS mandatory on all motorcycles as from 2016.process and making ABS mandatory on all motorcycles as from 2016.process and making ABS mandatory on all motorcycles as from 2016.

On this point, ACEM deplores the outcome of the vote in IMCO, which would On this point, ACEM deplores the outcome of the vote in IMCO, which would On this point, ACEM deplores the outcome of the vote in IMCO, which would translate into a heavier burden due to the added costs of more stringent translate into a heavier burden due to the added costs of more stringent translate into a heavier burden due to the added costs of more stringent environmental and safety measures. This applies in particular to light motorcycles environmental and safety measures. This applies in particular to light motorcycles environmental and safety measures. This applies in particular to light motorcycles and scooters of the 125cc class (L3-A1), which form the core of the EU ailing and scooters of the 125cc class (L3-A1), which form the core of the EU ailing and scooters of the 125cc class (L3-A1), which form the core of the EU ailing market and provide urban mobility and social cohesion benefits to citizens, as market and provide urban mobility and social cohesion benefits to citizens, as market and provide urban mobility and social cohesion benefits to citizens, as recognised by the IMCO report itself. For this category of motorcycles, ACEM recognised by the IMCO report itself. For this category of motorcycles, ACEM recognised by the IMCO report itself. For this category of motorcycles, ACEM regrets that safe advanced braking systems alternatives to ABS such as Combined regrets that safe advanced braking systems alternatives to ABS such as Combined regrets that safe advanced braking systems alternatives to ABS such as Combined Braking Systems have been scrapped from the available safety measures, Braking Systems have been scrapped from the available safety measures, Braking Systems have been scrapped from the available safety measures, effectively wiping out years of investments in research and development.effectively wiping out years of investments in research and development.

Furthermore, IMCO voted against amendments supporting international Furthermore, IMCO voted against amendments supporting international harmonisation in terms of the durability test procedure, which brings harmonisation in terms of the durability test procedure, which brings unnecessary duplications of tests and costs to industry and, in the end for the unnecessary duplications of tests and costs to industry and, in the end for the consumer, without any measurable environmental benefit.consumer, without any measurable environmental benefit.

The point of view of Mr Wim van de Camp MEP, Rapporteur on COM 542/2010 AccordingtoMrWimvandeCamp,EPRapporteuronthis regulation, IMCOhassought to take intoaccount thecurrentdifficultbusiness

environmentforthewholesectorandtheneedtosupportjobsinEurope:“Wewanttoensuresufficienttimeisavailablefor the development of the technical details accompanying this main text. Manufacturers need lead-time to apply the ambitiousrequirementsofthiscomplexregulation.Followingthevotethattookplace,andinourdiscussionswithCounciland Commission, it will be our priority to verify the calendar so as to ensure streamlining of the prescriptions is compatible withindustrialprocesses.Finally,especiallyinlightofthecurrenteconomicdifficulties,beforetakingafinalpositionIMCOwillrunastudyontheeconomicimpactoftheenvironmentalandsafetygoalsweproposed.”

* The final vote of the European Parliament is expected to be held in spring 2012.* The final vote of the European Parliament is expected to be held in spring 2012.* The final vote of the European Parliament is expected to be held in spring 2012.

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Committed to improve safety and reduce emissions according to a realistic and progressive roadmap, ACEM members continue to underline to need for a feasible timeline, taking into account the diversityofL-categoryvehicles,theirdifferentusagepurposesandcosts.

ACEM is a participant in CARS21.

As part of the European Commission’s modern industrial policy, the CARS 21 (Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st century) process, which was initially launched in 2005, aims to make recommendations for the short-, medium-, and long-term public policy and regulatory framework of the European automotive industry. This framework enhances global competitiveness and employment, while sustaining further progress in safety and environmental performance at a price affordable to the consumer.


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The European Commission adopted a comprehensive “Roadmap to a The European Commission adopted a comprehensive “Roadmap to a single European Transport Area” which aims at achieving a competitive single European Transport Area” which aims at achieving a competitive and resource efficient transport system and increasing mobility, removing and resource efficient transport system and increasing mobility, removing major barriers in key areas and fuelling growth and employment by 2050. major barriers in key areas and fuelling growth and employment by 2050. major barriers in key areas and fuelling growth and employment by 2050. At the same time, the proposal wants to dramatically reduce Europe’s At the same time, the proposal wants to dramatically reduce Europe’s At the same time, the proposal wants to dramatically reduce Europe’s dependence on imported oil and cut carbon emissions in transport by dependence on imported oil and cut carbon emissions in transport by dependence on imported oil and cut carbon emissions in transport by 60% by 2050. 60% by 2050.

“The choices we make today will determine the shape of transport in 2050,” “The choices we make today will determine the shape of transport in 2050,” said Siim Kallas, the European commissioner for transport, as he launched said Siim Kallas, the European commissioner for transport, as he launched the Commission’s white paper for transport on 28 March in Brussels. the Commission’s white paper for transport on 28 March in Brussels. “Curbing mobility is not an option, nor is business as usual,” he added.“Curbing mobility is not an option, nor is business as usual,” he added.

The long-awaited paper the course of European Union transport policy The long-awaited paper the course of European Union transport policy for the next decade, aiming to pave the way to a greener transport for the next decade, aiming to pave the way to a greener transport network that is no longer dependent on fossil fuels, as well as pulling network that is no longer dependent on fossil fuels, as well as pulling down the remaining barriers to a single market in transport. down the remaining barriers to a single market in transport.

Key goals (see panel) include halving the use of conventional-oil-Key goals (see panel) include halving the use of conventional-oil-powered cars by 2030 in urban areas and phasing them out entirely in powered cars by 2030 in urban areas and phasing them out entirely in city centres by 2050. Another goal is that all passenger journeys between city centres by 2050. Another goal is that all passenger journeys between 200 and 1,000 kilometres should be made by rail, rather than by air. These 200 and 1,000 kilometres should be made by rail, rather than by air. These 200 and 1,000 kilometres should be made by rail, rather than by air. These aims are part of a wider strategy to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions aims are part of a wider strategy to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions aims are part of a wider strategy to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions from transport by 60% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. from transport by 60% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. from transport by 60% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels.

The Commission’s strategy encourages “the use of smaller, lighter and The Commission’s strategy encourages “the use of smaller, lighter and The Commission’s strategy encourages “the use of smaller, lighter and more specialised road passenger vehicles” leading to a “substantial more specialised road passenger vehicles” leading to a “substantial more specialised road passenger vehicles” leading to a “substantial contribution in reducing the carbon intensity of urban transport while contribution in reducing the carbon intensity of urban transport while contribution in reducing the carbon intensity of urban transport while providing a test bed for new technologies and opportunity for early providing a test bed for new technologies and opportunity for early providing a test bed for new technologies and opportunity for early market deployment”.market deployment”.

With this White Paper the European Commission follows the steps With this White Paper the European Commission follows the steps indicated by the European Council decision adopted in May 2010 which indicated by the European Council decision adopted in May 2010 which set the foundations of a decarbonised road transport based on clean set the foundations of a decarbonised road transport based on clean and energy-efficient vehicles. The ultimate objective of this Council and energy-efficient vehicles. The ultimate objective of this Council and energy-efficient vehicles. The ultimate objective of this Council Decision was to boost the competitiveness of the European automotive Decision was to boost the competitiveness of the European automotive Decision was to boost the competitiveness of the European automotive industry and included two- and three-wheelers and quadricycles, given industry and included two- and three-wheelers and quadricycles, given industry and included two- and three-wheelers and quadricycles, given their increasing role in urban mobility.

“Ourmobilityparadigmischanging“.

MOBILITY

Goals of the Commission

- Halve the use of conventional-oil-powered cars in urban transport by 2030 and phase them out entirely in cities by 2050.

- By 2050 the majority of passenger journeys between 200km and 1.000km should be made by rail.

- Reduce road-accident fatalities to almost zero by 2050.


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As regards to urban transport, the White Paper also proposes the gradual As regards to urban transport, the White Paper also proposes the gradual phasing out of ‘conventionally-fuelled’ transportation, arguing that “cities phasing out of ‘conventionally-fuelled’ transportation, arguing that “cities suffer most from congestion, poor air quality and noise exposure and suffer most from congestion, poor air quality and noise exposure and that urban transport is responsible for about a quarter of COthat urban transport is responsible for about a quarter of CO2 emissions from transport, and 69% of road accidents occur in cities”.from transport, and 69% of road accidents occur in cities”.

According to many stakeholders including ACEM, while setting a According to many stakeholders including ACEM, while setting a considerable amount of acceptable goals the Commission fails to considerable amount of acceptable goals the Commission fails to maintain a technology neutral stance by prematurely indicating internal maintain a technology neutral stance by prematurely indicating internal combustion engines as on their way out.combustion engines as on their way out.

Did you know?

• That PTWs are crucial for people’s mobility?• That PTWs are very cost-efficient transport means?• That PTWs are important instruments of social cohesion?• That PTWs reduces travel times?• That travelling by PTWs reduce congestion?• That PTWs help to reduce the negative impact on the environment?• That PTWs help to reduce CO2 emissions in cities?• That finding a parking place for a PTWs is an easy task?• That in the EU 35 million citizens use PTWs?

Mobility is and will continue to be a major contributor to the social and economic wealth of the European Union and a key element for its future prosperity. Europe’s growth has been accompanied and fostered by a more and more performing transport system. Citizens benefited from a better transport system, exploiting it for their own education, work or social purposes, with positive effects on the society as a whole.

Road transport plays a vital role in modern economies, as 90% of people in the EU travel by road. All citizens should benefit from a transport system whose design and management corresponds to their needs.

Finding a balance between the need to pursue socio-economic objectives Finding a balance between the need to pursue socio-economic objectives of growth and development and the need to further reduce the negative of growth and development and the need to further reduce the negative effects that transport may cause to society will remain the key challenge effects that transport may cause to society will remain the key challenge in the quest for a more sustainable mobility over the coming years. This in the quest for a more sustainable mobility over the coming years. This is the main challenge of sustainable mobility, which must address at the is the main challenge of sustainable mobility, which must address at the

same time social, economic and environmental factors. Each of these pillars same time social, economic and environmental factors. Each of these pillars is of equal importance and they all need to be taken into account when is of equal importance and they all need to be taken into account when assessing the sustainability of transport policy.assessing the sustainability of transport policy.

Transport policy should be based on:

• Fairandequalcompetition between and within transport modes;

• Freedomofchoice for citizens to select the most appropriate transport for citizens to select the most appropriate transport mode for their mobility needs;mode for their mobility needs;

• Transportefficiency encouraging the most suitable and effective mode y encouraging the most suitable and effective mode yof transport according to the circumstances;of transport according to the circumstances;

• Integration of Powered Two-Wheelers in transport policy, in particular of Powered Two-Wheelers in transport policy, in particular in urban areas.in urban areas.

The Quality of our Lives Relies on Mobility

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Co-modality, an opportunity for European cities...

Transport policy in cities must build on integrating all modes. It must preserve and enhance the advantages of each mode while working at a better integration to the benefit of the users. In a period of dramatic socioeconomic repercussions due to the current global financial and economic crisis, transport policy should not fall again into the trap of artificially forced and inefficient modal shift policies, but instead to reason in terms of true co-modality and optimisation of each mode of transport.

Individual and collective transport offer different services and therefore fulfil different needs. Innovative mobility should be about enabling transport users to make their choice, based on objective and reliable information, and planning their journeys according to their specific needs. This may involve resorting to different modes within one single journey, or to different vehicles for different journeys.

A forced modal shift policy based on traffic restrictions and increased costs for individual transport will lead to a high loss of welfare without the expected benefits for mobility and quality of life. L-category vehicles, such as mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and quadricycles, widen the transport offer in their own right and as part of a true co-modal approach to mobility.

Policy makers looking to meet citizens’ expectations need to exploit every available tool. Smart individual mobility can contribute to change our transport paradigm, through innovation. Quality of life depends on our capacity of innovating our mobility.


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More Powered Two-Wheelers would ease congestion

10% more motorcycles used for commuting equal to 40% less traffic jams, concludes a study conducted by Transport & Mobility Leuven.

If 10% of car drivers would give up their car for a motorcycle or a scooter, traffic congestion would be reduced by 40%, according to a study performed in one of Belgium’s most congested routes, typical of Europe’s densest urban areas.

As the European Commission is seeking to promote a new culture of mobility aiming at reducing emissions and improving quality of life, part of the solution could come from Powered Two-Wheelers. While the recently published White Paper on Transport struggles to strike a balance between individual needs for mobility and the ambitious targets making transport more efficient, the study finds out that if 25% of all commuting trips were made on a PTW, congestion could even be a thing of the past.

The study performed by Transport & Mobility Leuven shows that the inclusion of motorized two-wheelers is definitely the most realistic, feasible and affordable answer to effectively address the problem of congestion and its negative effects on the daily lives of European commuters. Motorcycles and scooters represent a strong untapped potential to improve mobility, promising to deliver results that other options - such as cycling or public transport – most of the time are unable to match.

The investigation commissioned by FEBIAC, the Belgian car, motorcycle and bicycle distributors’ association focuses on a case study, conducted on the section Leuven-Brussels on the E40 highway during rush hour, based on the traffic statistics of a regular work day during the month of May 2011. The results showed that “if on this trip and during this peak period, 10% of drivers swap their car against a motorcycle or scooter, this has obvious consequences on the extent of the traffic jam.”

By extrapolating these observations to the entire road network, the study makes indicative conclusions: “15,000 hours lost in traffic per day could be avoided in Belgium, equivalent to a total time savings of approximately 350,000 € per day.”

Shorter traffic jams that are reabsorbed faster have an environmental advantage too. However, no matter how important the benefits of this modal shift, road safety must be kept in mind. Appropriate motorcycle rider training and a safe behaviour adopted by all road users is a priority to reduce risk. The increased number of motorized two-wheelers on the roads has generated increased attention on the part of motorists accustomed to seeing more motorcyclists, thus being more aware of their presence. This can only promote a greater mutual respect and understanding on the road.

The study demonstrates that Powered Two Wheelers are an extraordinary resource for easing jams, making traffic more fluid and generally improving the quality of life in our cities.

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The need for efficient and sustainable mobility has become more urgent The need for efficient and sustainable mobility has become more urgent The need for efficient and sustainable mobility has become more urgent The need for efficient and sustainable mobility has become more urgent in cities as traffic, congestion, parking space availability are becoming in cities as traffic, congestion, parking space availability are becoming ever greater concerns for citizens. These challenges are accompanied ever greater concerns for citizens. These challenges are accompanied by economic issues with increasing costs for transportation in terms of by economic issues with increasing costs for transportation in terms of money as well as time. money as well as time.

The increase of PTWs in European cities reflects the need for an alternative The increase of PTWs in European cities reflects the need for an alternative The increase of PTWs in European cities reflects the need for an alternative mode of transport. PTWs can play an important role in providing viable mode of transport. PTWs can play an important role in providing viable mode of transport. PTWs can play an important role in providing viable solutions to citizens who are struggling with congestion, long city trips solutions to citizens who are struggling with congestion, long city trips solutions to citizens who are struggling with congestion, long city trips and hard to find parking places. The European Commission, in its urban and hard to find parking places. The European Commission, in its urban mobility action plan, underlined the role of PTWs as an alternative mode mobility action plan, underlined the role of PTWs as an alternative mode of transport contributing to optimising urban mobility.of transport contributing to optimising urban mobility.

PTWs do not suffer from, nor create, congestion due to their limited PTWs do not suffer from, nor create, congestion due to their limited dimensions. Thanks to high fuel-efficiency, PTWs help curbing COdimensions. Thanks to high fuel-efficiency, PTWs help curbing CO2

emissions and are cheaper to run.emissions and are cheaper to run.

Lifestyles and mobility patterns in cities have changed: single-purpose Lifestyles and mobility patterns in cities have changed: single-purpose journeys are progressively being replaced by multi-purpose and multi-journeys are progressively being replaced by multi-purpose and multi-destination routes. This is true for business as well as for leisure. Again, destination routes. This is true for business as well as for leisure. Again, PTWs support this kind of mobility. PTWs support this kind of mobility.

Further, parking places for PTWs demand less space and limited Further, parking places for PTWs demand less space and limited investment from local authorities, are easier to integrate in the structure investment from local authorities, are easier to integrate in the structure investment from local authorities, are easier to integrate in the structure of European cities, and create less impediment for pedestrians and of European cities, and create less impediment for pedestrians and of European cities, and create less impediment for pedestrians and cyclists.cyclists.

The majority of urban trips are individual trips. Cars are by design The majority of urban trips are individual trips. Cars are by design The majority of urban trips are individual trips. Cars are by design ‘multi-purpose vehicles’ allowing one or more people to travel over ‘multi-purpose vehicles’ allowing one or more people to travel over ‘multi-purpose vehicles’ allowing one or more people to travel over long distances; however, they are often over-dimensioned in an urban long distances; however, they are often over-dimensioned in an urban long distances; however, they are often over-dimensioned in an urban environment, exceeding the needs of many city trips. PTWs are ‘single environment, exceeding the needs of many city trips. PTWs are ‘single environment, exceeding the needs of many city trips. PTWs are ‘single purpose vehicles’ tailored to the urban and peri-urban environment, purpose vehicles’ tailored to the urban and peri-urban environment, purpose vehicles’ tailored to the urban and peri-urban environment,

allowing up to two people to travel and following a ‘less is more’ allowing up to two people to travel and following a ‘less is more’ philosophy: they are constructed to cover specific daily travelling philosophy: they are constructed to cover specific daily travelling ranges, and each component is calibrated accordingly.ranges, and each component is calibrated accordingly.

For many journeys, PTWs can be an alternative to individual car-based For many journeys, PTWs can be an alternative to individual car-based For many journeys, PTWs can be an alternative to individual car-based private mobility or a complement to public transport, successfully private mobility or a complement to public transport, successfully private mobility or a complement to public transport, successfully integrating the urban transport toolbox available to citizens, businesses integrating the urban transport toolbox available to citizens, businesses integrating the urban transport toolbox available to citizens, businesses and authorities.

Urban Mobility

According to an assessment performed by RACC* in Barcelona, PTW transport needs to be encouraged if a more sustainable mobility in cities is to be achieved:

Advantages of PTWs in cities

Parking:• Space occupied by 1 PTW: 2m x 1.3m = 2.6m²• Space occupied by 1 passenger car: 5m x 2.5m = 12.5m²

Public street occupation:• Space occupied by 1 PTW on the public road: 10m x 2m = 20²• Space occupied by 1 passenger car on public roads: 20m x 3.5m = 70m²

According to RACC, if PTWs were abandoned in favour of passenger cars, there would be the need for 35% more parking places and occupation of city streets would increase by 47%._________________* La accidentalidad de las motocicletas en zona urbana - Barcelona 2002-2007, Fundación RACC, 2009


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Need for support

A boost in the segment of electric PTWs requires public policies supporting both offer and demand. Manufacturers need to be supported with investments in research projects, recharging infrastructure, pilot projects testing real life conditions, build up of electric vehicles fleets for companies and local authorities, etc. On the consumer side, the gap between the cost of an internal combustion engine and an electric vehicle will need to be addressed by policy makers.

Electric Mobility

Electric scooters are making their appearance on the market with increasing expectations from the users who are starting to show interest in this type of vehicle combining low costs with eco-friendly mobility. Electric PTWs are light, small and specifically intended for urban use. Despite the great potential represented by EVs and fuelled by extensive media coverage, “range anxiety” and costs still represent a limitation for the take up of electric mobility.

Technology available today makes these electric PTWs very specialised vehicles primarily intended for urban use. Electric powered two wheelers still account for less than 1% of the market, however they experienced a 60% surge in purchases between 2009 and 2010, and a similar growth in 2011.

Experts agree on the intrinsic limits of purely electric cars as this type of vehicle will always by bound to size and mass constraints. PTWs however are best positioned to fully exploit the advantages of electric mobility in cities, which is based on limited ranges, shortage of parking spaces and trips through highly congested areas. PTWs will be the first transport mode to achieve a meaningful shift to electromobility.

Economic benefits of PTW mobility in cities

Economist and Sorbonne Professor Pierre Kopp recently published a study* examining the consequences of the increase in Powered Two-Wheelers traffic (measured in vehicle/km) in Paris.

The PTW share in Paris traffic increased by 36% between 2000 and 2007, with PTWs now accounting for a share twice as large as that of buses. An original survey has shown that 21 million additional passenger kilometres were made by PTWs in 2007 compared to 2000. 53% of this increase comes from people shifting to PTWs from public transport and 26.5% from private cars. The remaining 20% is attributable to the increased use of PTWs by those already using such vehicles in 2000.

Through a cost-benefit analysis, weighing time spent in traffic, impacts on road safety, environment and taxes, the study concluded that the shift towards PTWs over the period 2000-2007 generated a considerable gain for the community, despite the absence of supportive accompanying public policies.________________________* La contribution des deux roues motorisés à la mobilité dans une grande métropole : le cas de Paris, Revue Transport, July-August 2009, n° 456.

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Conclusions – Real IntegrationThe future of city centres, their vitality and the preservation of their role as The future of city centres, their vitality and the preservation of their role as The future of city centres, their vitality and the preservation of their role as assets for social and economic development is closely related to ensuring assets for social and economic development is closely related to ensuring assets for social and economic development is closely related to ensuring mobility. The recognition of PTWs as a solution to make urban traffic more mobility. The recognition of PTWs as a solution to make urban traffic more fluid supports such objectives.

PTWs over short distances are a great solution, on their own or as part PTWs over short distances are a great solution, on their own or as part of a ‘multi-modal’ journey, in everyday travel in cities. ‘Joining up’ travel of a ‘multi-modal’ journey, in everyday travel in cities. ‘Joining up’ travel for longer journeys, meaning that PTWs can be used at the beginning for longer journeys, meaning that PTWs can be used at the beginning and/or end of journeys where public transport cannot offer a complete and/or end of journeys where public transport cannot offer a complete door to door solution. This will require PTW facilities at public transport door to door solution. This will require PTW facilities at public transport intersections. Furthermore PTWs are the most likely transport mode to shift intersections. Furthermore PTWs are the most likely transport mode to shift to full electromobility.

The ability to choose between different modes of transport for each The ability to choose between different modes of transport for each specific journey can dramatically improve the environment in which we specific journey can dramatically improve the environment in which we live and work. The quality of our lives would certainly benefit from it.live and work. The quality of our lives would certainly benefit from it.

PTWs are an essential part of the toolbox available to solve traffic congestion PTWs are an essential part of the toolbox available to solve traffic congestion problems.

PTW reduce travel times in cities

A study by the French Environmental Agency* ADEME comparing PTW and car trips in the city of Paris concluded that with a PTW ‘pure’ travel time is halved. The survey was performed in “real life” conditions with the aim of comparing the two modes of transport on the same type of use. They were timed on a typical “home-work” trip, between a suburb (Linas) and the Paris city center (Musée d’Orsay), at peak time (time of arrival in Paris: 8.30am). While car drivers needed, on average, 88 minutes to cover a 31 Km journey, PTW users made it in 44 minutes, clearly benefiting from their lower exposure to congestion (less idling in traffic).

Moreover, the study shows that car drivers needed on average an additional 16 minutes to find a parking place.

For these reasons, PTW are also often chosen by businesses for their shorter distance logistics and by public services such as local police.________________________* “2 roues motorisés Euro3 : progrès environnementaux et comparaison à l’automobile”, Etudes Ademe, 2007

ACEM is a member of Mobility for Prosperity in Europe. MPE is a transport association bringing together transport organisations and multinational companies supporting European transport policy should be fact-based and rely on users’ needs and on the efficient use of resources in order to ensure future prosperity.


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Tourism is a strategic economic activity in the European Union. The EU Tourism is a strategic economic activity in the European Union. The EU tourism industry generates 11% of the EU GDP and 12% of the EU work tourism industry generates 11% of the EU GDP and 12% of the EU work force. The development of many areas in the EU depends on tourism. force. The development of many areas in the EU depends on tourism. Mobility and transport are a necessary pre-condition to ensure the Mobility and transport are a necessary pre-condition to ensure the prosperity of the sector.prosperity of the sector.

Recreational motorcycling offers an unrivalled way to enjoy the Recreational motorcycling offers an unrivalled way to enjoy the outdoors, giving to travelling a different dimension while allowing riders outdoors, giving to travelling a different dimension while allowing riders to relish the sensation of freedom. For this reason, PTW manufacturers to relish the sensation of freedom. For this reason, PTW manufacturers develop tourism oriented vehicles, providing improved comfort features develop tourism oriented vehicles, providing improved comfort features and higher storage capacity. Motorcycle touring has developed to and higher storage capacity. Motorcycle touring has developed to the point that specialised companies now organise tours combining the point that specialised companies now organise tours combining different cultural and riding experiences across Europe. Similarly, several companies organise different modules aimed at providing advanced riding skills, such as off-road riding.

Motorcycling also is a popular sport gathering millions of fans worldwide. The most attended events, such as the Moto Grand Prix in Jerez, Spain, can draw up to 250.000 enthusiasts over a weekend attracting investments in racing and tourism infrastructures, and bringing economic benefits to the surrounding area. The success of motorcycling sports generates a prosperous business related to sponsoring opportunities and broadcasting rights.

Motorcycling sport is run in different disciplines such as road racing, Motorcycling sport is run in different disciplines such as road racing, Motorcycling sport is run in different disciplines such as road racing, which includes Grand Prix, and Superbike – motocross, trial, enduro, and which includes Grand Prix, and Superbike – motocross, trial, enduro, and which includes Grand Prix, and Superbike – motocross, trial, enduro, and track racing. Worldwide these competitions amount to a total of almost track racing. Worldwide these competitions amount to a total of almost track racing. Worldwide these competitions amount to a total of almost 50 championships and prizes, playing an important role as catalyst for 50 championships and prizes, playing an important role as catalyst for 50 championships and prizes, playing an important role as catalyst for social inclusion and contributing to spread the positive values of sports.social inclusion and contributing to spread the positive values of sports.social inclusion and contributing to spread the positive values of sports.

Sports at the very high level also contributes to manufacturers’ Research Sports at the very high level also contributes to manufacturers’ Research Sports at the very high level also contributes to manufacturers’ Research and Development activities, which in turn translate into improvements and Development activities, which in turn translate into improvements and Development activities, which in turn translate into improvements in the product destined to the consumer, in terms of safety, environment, in the product destined to the consumer, in terms of safety, environment, in the product destined to the consumer, in terms of safety, environment, and overall rideability.

Leisure, Tourism and Sport

Tourism and Sport in the Lisbon Treaty

The Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force on 1st December 2009, includes for the first time tourism among the policy responsibilities of the EU institutions. It also gives the EU a formal competence on sport, which should develop in 2012 in the first EU sports programme, with an emphasis on the social and educational aspects of sports.

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ROAD SAFETY“AsharedResponsibility”

The Industry Strategy

Safety is a top priority for the Powered Two-Wheeler industry. ACEM Safety is a top priority for the Powered Two-Wheeler industry. ACEM dedicates energy and resources to acquiring and analysing data dedicates energy and resources to acquiring and analysing data regarding road safety and Powered Two-Wheelers in order to identify regarding road safety and Powered Two-Wheelers in order to identify and prioritize areas for improvements. This process follows an integrated and prioritize areas for improvements. This process follows an integrated approach looking at human, vehicle and infrastructure related factors, approach looking at human, vehicle and infrastructure related factors, seeking to involve policymakers and other relevant stakeholders at seeking to involve policymakers and other relevant stakeholders at European, National and local level. European, National and local level.

ACEM Members actively support the ‘shared responsibility’ concept and are committed to improving road safety by funding research, financing and participating to road safety projects, acting together towards the common objective of improving the road safety of Powered Two-Wheeler users.

Improving the Knowledge

In order to better understand the nature and causes of PTW accidents, ACEM conducts studies of motorcycle and moped accidents intended at improving the knowledge of PTW accidentology. ACEM also participates to road safety projects aimed at contributing to curbing road accidents. The results of these projects are then implemented and shared as best practices with policymakers and other stakeholders.practices with policymakers and other stakeholders.

While the number of car accidents has significantly fallen over recent While the number of car accidents has significantly fallen over recent While the number of car accidents has significantly fallen over recent years, PTW accidents have improved only marginally. This is why the years, PTW accidents have improved only marginally. This is why the years, PTW accidents have improved only marginally. This is why the European Commission included motorcycle riders in the category of European Commission included motorcycle riders in the category of European Commission included motorcycle riders in the category of vulnerable road users, together with pedestrians and cyclists.vulnerable road users, together with pedestrians and cyclists.Compared to other modes of transport, PTWs have shown a slower rate Compared to other modes of transport, PTWs have shown a slower rate Compared to other modes of transport, PTWs have shown a slower rate of improvement with a reduction of 18% in all PTWs fatalities in a context of improvement with a reduction of 18% in all PTWs fatalities in a context of improvement with a reduction of 18% in all PTWs fatalities in a context of a 17 % increase in the parc (the greatest boost of all vehicles’ parc) of a 17 % increase in the parc (the greatest boost of all vehicles’ parc) of a 17 % increase in the parc (the greatest boost of all vehicles’ parc) over the period 2001-2009. Indeed, PTW fatalities have gone down in over the period 2001-2009. Indeed, PTW fatalities have gone down in over the period 2001-2009. Indeed, PTW fatalities have gone down in absolute numbers, but their share has increased in overall transport due absolute numbers, but their share has increased in overall transport due absolute numbers, but their share has increased in overall transport due to the better results achieved by cars.

Safety figures differ significantly across the EU member states, with Safety figures differ significantly across the EU member states, with statistics on PTWs indicating that, with the same vehicles available on statistics on PTWs indicating that, with the same vehicles available on the market, a considerable disparity exists between best and worst the market, a considerable disparity exists between best and worst performing countries. Reducing this gap by improving national transport performing countries. Reducing this gap by improving national transport policies through integration of PTWs will bring considerable and tangible policies through integration of PTWs will bring considerable and tangible benefits to European road safety. The identification and dissemination of benefits to European road safety. The identification and dissemination of best practices would facilitate the introduction of successful road safety best practices would facilitate the introduction of successful road safety policies by low performing countries.policies by low performing countries.

Road Safety: the Industry Strategy• Improvingtheknowledgeaboutmotorcyclingsafety• TheIntegratedapproach

- Act on the human factor- Act on the vehicle- Act on the infrastructure

• Cooperatewithinstitutionsandstakeholders

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MAIDSProper knowledge of how road accidents involving PTWsoccur is fundamental to identify the right priorities.With theEuropean Commission’s co-funding, ACEM carried out the most comprehensive in-depth study currently available for PTWsaccidents in Europe: MAIDS - Motorcycle Accident In-Depth Study. The investigation was conducted by dedicated research teams during 3 years on 921 accidents from 5 countries. Since the publication of the MAIDS report several analysts have referred to MAIDS and partnerships have been built in order to

continue to make the most of the datas gathered by the MAIDS team. www.maids-study.eu

Researchers continue to use MAIDS as the main reference tool forallkindofEuropeanprojectsrelatedtoPTWs.

Version 2.0 of the MAIDS report contains a new presentation of the data with a split between mopeds (L1 vehicles) andmotorcycles (L3).Amultivariateanalysison fatal accidents inthe MAIDS database has also been developed.

European Safer Urban Motorcycling

Benefiting from the mobility advantages offered by Powered Two-Wheelersinurbanareasandreducingsafetyrelatedrisks

The higher presence of PTWs in cities justifies the need to gather The higher presence of PTWs in cities justifies the need to gather further information on their use and specific safety needs. The European further information on their use and specific safety needs. The European Commission co-funded eSUM (European Safer Urban Motorcycling), Commission co-funded eSUM (European Safer Urban Motorcycling), a project focusing on PTW safety in cities. The project was led by a project focusing on PTW safety in cities. The project was led by the city of Barcelona involving ACEM PTW manufacturers and three the city of Barcelona involving ACEM PTW manufacturers and three major European capitals (London, Paris, Rome). eSUM (European Safer major European capitals (London, Paris, Rome). eSUM (European Safer major European capitals (London, Paris, Rome). eSUM (European Safer Urban Motorcycling) was a collaborative initiative between industry Urban Motorcycling) was a collaborative initiative between industry Urban Motorcycling) was a collaborative initiative between industry and local authorities of Europe’s principal motorcycle cities aimed at and local authorities of Europe’s principal motorcycle cities aimed at and local authorities of Europe’s principal motorcycle cities aimed at identifying, developing and adopting measures designed to deliver safer identifying, developing and adopting measures designed to deliver safer identifying, developing and adopting measures designed to deliver safer motorcycling in the city environment. motorcycling in the city environment. motorcycling in the city environment.

ESUM sought to enable the inclusion of motorized two-wheelers ESUM sought to enable the inclusion of motorized two-wheelers ESUM sought to enable the inclusion of motorized two-wheelers as an affordable answer to the growing mobility needs of European as an affordable answer to the growing mobility needs of European as an affordable answer to the growing mobility needs of European commuters.

By tackling the problem from all angles - user behaviour, vehicle design By tackling the problem from all angles - user behaviour, vehicle design By tackling the problem from all angles - user behaviour, vehicle design and road infrastructure - the project has shown that a reduction in PTW and road infrastructure - the project has shown that a reduction in PTW collisions and casualties is feasible. Concrete interventions for delivering collisions and casualties is feasible. Concrete interventions for delivering safer urban motorcycling in the short, medium and longer term.safer urban motorcycling in the short, medium and longer term.

Here are some examples of the numerous initiatives undertaken by the Here are some examples of the numerous initiatives undertaken by the four European cities:

Rider training/driver awareness: Building on the successful Bikesafe rider training programme London Building on the successful Bikesafe rider training programme London encouraged PTW users to follow riding classes rewarding them with free, encouraged PTW users to follow riding classes rewarding them with free, secure parking at workplaces. The City of Paris, seeing PTW users rise 64% since 1997, released a Charter The City of Paris, seeing PTW users rise 64% since 1997, released a Charter entitled “Living together also means sharing the street” which focuses on entitled “Living together also means sharing the street” which focuses on the safety benefits of the appropriate motorcycle clothing.the safety benefits of the appropriate motorcycle clothing.Improved safety features: These are gaining in importance as These are gaining in importance as manufacturers develop and apply new technologies, such as the manufacturers develop and apply new technologies, such as the protective structure of the BMW C1-E concept or the three-wheel protective structure of the BMW C1-E concept or the three-wheel architecture of the Piaggio MP3 hybrid scooter. Infrastructure: In London trials involving the opening of bus lanes to In London trials involving the opening of bus lanes to PTW lead to an overall decrease of 50.7% for PTW collisions. Based on PTW lead to an overall decrease of 50.7% for PTW collisions. Based on


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these positive results Transport for London decided to open all bus lanes these positive results Transport for London decided to open all bus lanes to PTWs. A major public awareness campaign has been launched as a to PTWs. A major public awareness campaign has been launched as a complementary measure. complementary measure. Speed limitations: Speed limitations: In Barcelona 30 km/h zones lead in 2009 to an In Barcelona 30 km/h zones lead in 2009 to an average monthly PTW casualty reduction of 40.5%.average monthly PTW casualty reduction of 40.5%.

An on-line tool kit An on-line tool kit – available in several languages and ready for use The tool kit made up of Action Pack and Good Practice Guide contain all The tool kit made up of Action Pack and Good Practice Guide contain all measures identified by the eSUM Project.measures identified by the eSUM Project.The Action PackThe Action Pack helps city authorities and technicians analysing the The Action Pack helps city authorities and technicians analysing the The Action Packsituation, identifying the most appropriate action and finally evaluating situation, identifying the most appropriate action and finally evaluating the effectiveness of the adopted measures. the effectiveness of the adopted measures. The Good Practice GuideThe Good Practice Guide is aimed at engineers, road designers and other road safety practitioners. It assesses over 200 projects from all over other road safety practitioners. It assesses over 200 projects from all over the world, for their potential to reduce PTW casualties. the world, for their potential to reduce PTW casualties.

The eSUM project provides immediately applicable tools to improve the safety of traffic in European cities and towns.

The Vehicle

Quality, design and product reliability lie at the basis of every choice Quality, design and product reliability lie at the basis of every choice leading consumers to buy PTWs manufactured by ACEM Members. leading consumers to buy PTWs manufactured by ACEM Members.

Innovation is a strategic driver of success but also a long term process Innovation is a strategic driver of success but also a long term process

requiring considerable resources and adequate time before becoming requiring considerable resources and adequate time before becoming requiring considerable resources and adequate time before becoming requiring considerable resources and adequate time before becoming a production reality.

To meet type-approval requirements, and high safety standards, ACEM To meet type-approval requirements, and high safety standards, ACEM To meet type-approval requirements, and high safety standards, ACEM Manufacturers apply the latest state-of-the-art technologies. Manufacturers apply the latest state-of-the-art technologies. Manufacturers apply the latest state-of-the-art technologies.

Advanced Braking Systems With regard to active safety (accident avoidance) for motorcycles, With regard to active safety (accident avoidance) for motorcycles, With regard to active safety (accident avoidance) for motorcycles, braking is unmistakably the most important vehicle-related factor. braking is unmistakably the most important vehicle-related factor. braking is unmistakably the most important vehicle-related factor.

Advanced braking systems include a range of systems. There are three Advanced braking systems include a range of systems. There are three Advanced braking systems include a range of systems. There are three primary types of motorcycle advanced braking systems, namely ABS, primary types of motorcycle advanced braking systems, namely ABS, CBS and a combination of the two.

While most people have a good idea of what an anti-lock braking While most people have a good idea of what an anti-lock braking system does*, a very effective motorcycle braking system such as the , a very effective motorcycle braking system such as the CBS needs to be highlighted.

Advanced Braking SystemsThe Motorcycle industry has developed over the years several braking technologies enhancing the effectiveness of these devices and adjusting to specific manoeuvers and needs. Advanced braking systems encompass different systems, such as anti-lock brake systems (ABS) acting on one or both wheels, combined brake systems (CBS), rear wheel lift-off protection (RLP), automatic brake force distribution, amplified braking systems, brake by wire and new vehicle architectures. These systems can be present individually or in combination on a PTW.

The varied range of braking systems available today is able to match the price range of the vehicles on offer.

FindoutmoreThe Action Pack - a simple methodology for designing and implementing a safety strategy designed for PTWs: www.esum.eu/actionpack.htmlAnd the Good Practice Guide, aimed at engineers, designers and those involved in the issue of road safety: www.esum.eu/gpg.htmlThe MAIDS Urban Accident report: www.esum.eu/actionpack.html. A series of videos on how the cities handled the project: www.esum.eu

* ABS helps tABS helps to prevent the wheels from locking during braking by automatically releasing brake o prevent the wheels from locking during braking by automatically releasing brake o prevent the wheels from locking during braking by automatically releasing brake pressure prior to wheel lock-up. The system senses when a wheel first begins to lockup and pressure prior to wheel lock-up. The system senses when a wheel first begins to lockup and pressure prior to wheel lock-up. The system senses when a wheel first begins to lockup and automatically releases pressure to allow the wheel to begin to roll again. ABS can help prevent automatically releases pressure to allow the wheel to begin to roll again. ABS can help prevent automatically releases pressure to allow the wheel to begin to roll again. ABS can help prevent skidding and loss of directional control, especially on slippery surfaces.skidding and loss of directional control, especially on slippery surfaces.

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CBSA combined braking system (CBS) applies braking pressure to both the A combined braking system (CBS) applies braking pressure to both the A combined braking system (CBS) applies braking pressure to both the front and rear brakes when either the front brake lever or rear brake front and rear brakes when either the front brake lever or rear brake front and rear brakes when either the front brake lever or rear brake pedal is activated. CBS can help slow the vehicle if the rider only applies pedal is activated. CBS can help slow the vehicle if the rider only applies pedal is activated. CBS can help slow the vehicle if the rider only applies one of the two brake inputs. There are three main types of CBS: one of the two brake inputs. There are three main types of CBS:

• Rear CBS – Applies the rear and a portion of the front brakes when • Rear CBS – Applies the rear and a portion of the front brakes when the rear brake lever (scooter) or pedal (motorcycle) is applied. The front the rear brake lever (scooter) or pedal (motorcycle) is applied. The front the rear brake lever (scooter) or pedal (motorcycle) is applied. The front brake lever applies only the front brake. This type of system is generally brake lever applies only the front brake. This type of system is generally brake lever applies only the front brake. This type of system is generally found on small displacement scooters/motorcycles, but has been found on small displacement scooters/motorcycles, but has been found on small displacement scooters/motorcycles, but has been applied to larger models in some instances. applied to larger models in some instances. • Front CBS – Applies the front and a portion of the rear when the front • Front CBS – Applies the front and a portion of the rear when the front • Front CBS – Applies the front and a portion of the rear when the front brake lever is applied. The rear brake pedal applies only the rear brake. A brake lever is applied. The rear brake pedal applies only the rear brake. A PCV (Proportional Control Valve) may be utilized to minimize or prevent PCV (Proportional Control Valve) may be utilized to minimize or prevent rear wheel lock under heavy front lever application. This type of system rear wheel lock under heavy front lever application. This type of system is less common and has been applied only to certain medium to large is less common and has been applied only to certain medium to large motorcycles. • Dual CBS – This type of system employs both types 1 and 2 and is • Dual CBS – This type of system employs both types 1 and 2 and is generally found on medium to large motorcycles.generally found on medium to large motorcycles.

Compared to automobiles, the centre of gravity of motorcycles is higher Compared to automobiles, the centre of gravity of motorcycles is higher and their wheelbase is shorter, making the shift in the centre of gravity and their wheelbase is shorter, making the shift in the centre of gravity for motorcycles during braking greater than that of automobiles. for motorcycles during braking greater than that of automobiles.

That is why the braking characteristics of motorcycles’ front and rear That is why the braking characteristics of motorcycles’ front and rear wheels largely differ from each other: the front wheel brake causes a wheels largely differ from each other: the front wheel brake causes a wheels largely differ from each other: the front wheel brake causes a shift in the centre of gravity to the front wheel: a high deceleration can shift in the centre of gravity to the front wheel: a high deceleration can shift in the centre of gravity to the front wheel: a high deceleration can be obtained but the nosedive is large; the rear wheel brake, on the other be obtained but the nosedive is large; the rear wheel brake, on the other be obtained but the nosedive is large; the rear wheel brake, on the other hand, cannot yield decelerationslarger than the front wheel, but the hand, cannot yield decelerationslarger than the front wheel, but the hand, cannot yield decelerationslarger than the front wheel, but the resulting nosedive is small. Furthermore, road surface conditions vary resulting nosedive is small. Furthermore, road surface conditions vary resulting nosedive is small. Furthermore, road surface conditions vary greatly by the type of pavement and the weather conditions, affecting greatly by the type of pavement and the weather conditions, affecting greatly by the type of pavement and the weather conditions, affecting greatly by the type of pavement and the weather conditions, affecting the rider’s ability to properly operate the brakes of the front wheel and the rider’s ability to properly operate the brakes of the front wheel and the rider’s ability to properly operate the brakes of the front wheel and the rear wheel.

CBS enables at any time and for anybody a proper distribution of the CBS enables at any time and for anybody a proper distribution of the braking forces between the front and rear wheels in accordance with braking forces between the front and rear wheels in accordance with varying road surface conditions and as such assists the rider continuously varying road surface conditions and as such assists the rider continuously during his every day braking maneuvers.

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Lighting and conspicuity‘Being seen’ and being perceived accurately by other road users are extremely important factors that contribute to PTW safety. The relatively narrow frontal silhouette of PTWs, compared to that of other vehicles, often leads to a wrong evaluation by other vehicle users and consequently to accidents. A variety of countermeasures, both human and vehicle related, should be considered to ensure PTWs are correctly perceived in traffic.

Awareness and training (of both PTW and other vehicle operators) are fundamentally important and must be addressed.

ACEM manufacturers are engaged in a programme aiming at increasing the conspicuity of PTWs: 1- 1- voluntary introduction of AHO (automatic headlamp on) since 20032- 2- a research programme to identify lighting treatments that improve PTW

conspicuity to other vehicles in the future European traffic environmentconspicuity to other vehicles in the future European traffic environment3- the the exploration of and research into intelligent transport systems (ITS)

that can help in the “communication” between PTWs and other road that can help in the “communication” between PTWs and other road users.users.

On-going research may lead to on-vehicle improvements in the future. On-going research may lead to on-vehicle improvements in the future. On-going research may lead to on-vehicle improvements in the future. On-going research may lead to on-vehicle improvements in the future. The longer-term ITS efforts will explore how to cooperate with the car and The longer-term ITS efforts will explore how to cooperate with the car and The longer-term ITS efforts will explore how to cooperate with the car and component industry, among others in the context of the iMobility Forum.component industry, among others in the context of the iMobility Forum.component industry, among others in the context of the iMobility Forum.

ITSNew technologies can help better integrating PTWs in transport while New technologies can help better integrating PTWs in transport while New technologies can help better integrating PTWs in transport while increasing the driving experience and reducing the risk of accidents. increasing the driving experience and reducing the risk of accidents. increasing the driving experience and reducing the risk of accidents. However the application of such systems on PTWs is in most cases far However the application of such systems on PTWs is in most cases far However the application of such systems on PTWs is in most cases far from a simple carry-over from car technology. Fitting automotive safety from a simple carry-over from car technology. Fitting automotive safety from a simple carry-over from car technology. Fitting automotive safety solutions onto a PTW is a major challenge. solutions onto a PTW is a major challenge. Not all automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be Not all automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be Not all automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be fitted on a PTW because of size constraints, specific riding dynamics and fitted on a PTW because of size constraints, specific riding dynamics and fitted on a PTW because of size constraints, specific riding dynamics and vehicle characteristics. Some systems simply do not fit to PTWs. Collision vehicle characteristics. Some systems simply do not fit to PTWs. Collision avoidance, for example, which automatically intervenes on the speed, avoidance, for example, which automatically intervenes on the speed, acceleration, brakes and engine revs, would have a detrimental impact on acceleration, brakes and engine revs, would have a detrimental impact on riding stability, with the opposite effect of exposing the rider to greater riding stability, with the opposite effect of exposing the rider to greater risk. On the other hand, the likes of adaptive cruise control, blind spot risk. On the other hand, the likes of adaptive cruise control, blind spot monitoring, collision warning, blackspot warning, remote service and monitoring, collision warning, blackspot warning, remote service and maintenance and accident warning are all highly adaptable and could maintenance and accident warning are all highly adaptable and could make for a more informed and safer rider with less stress and distraction.make for a more informed and safer rider with less stress and distraction.

ACEM members are actively working on ITS systems for PTWs - Driver ACEM members are actively working on ITS systems for PTWs - Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) for PTWs are already on the market and steadily Assistance Systems (DAS) for PTWs are already on the market and steadily extended, such as: ABS, CBS, Traction Control, Tyre Pressure Monitoring extended, such as: ABS, CBS, Traction Control, Tyre Pressure Monitoring System, Electronic Adjustable Suspension, Electronic Cruise Control, Gear System, Electronic Adjustable Suspension, Electronic Cruise Control, Gear Shift Indicator/Assistant, Fuel Economy Assistant, Proximity Activation, In-Shift Indicator/Assistant, Fuel Economy Assistant, Proximity Activation, In-vehicle Navigation System and Riding Mode.vehicle Navigation System and Riding Mode.

At the same time the process of deployment of Advanced Driver Assistance At the same time the process of deployment of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is extremely complex - the leaning behaviour of PTWs, Systems (ADAS) is extremely complex - the leaning behaviour of PTWs, their accurate positioning on the lane may represent some of the technical their accurate positioning on the lane may represent some of the technical challenges to today’s sensor and systems that were developed for cars; challenges to today’s sensor and systems that were developed for cars; challenges to today’s sensor and systems that were developed for cars; some of these systems intervene also in the vehicles’ longitudinal and some of these systems intervene also in the vehicles’ longitudinal and some of these systems intervene also in the vehicles’ longitudinal and lateral control (throttle, braking and steering). Effectiveness, technical lateral control (throttle, braking and steering). Effectiveness, technical lateral control (throttle, braking and steering). Effectiveness, technical feasibility and market acceptance for ADAS for PTWs requires thorough feasibility and market acceptance for ADAS for PTWs requires thorough feasibility and market acceptance for ADAS for PTWs requires thorough development and testing.development and testing.

ACEM’s Brake Commitment – A pledge for road safety

As a commitment to the European Road Safety Charter, in 2004 ACEM Manufacturers proposed to progressively increase the number of PTWs fitted with advanced braking systems. As a first milestone advanced braking systems would be offered on the majority of new street models on the European market, at least as an option, by 2010.

As Manufacturers reached the promised target, ACEM renewed its commitment setting a new, more ambitious goal of 75% of street PTWs equipped with Advanced Braking Systems to be achieved by 2015.

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TamperingPTW engine driveline tampering – to increase performance above PTW engine driveline tampering – to increase performance above PTW engine driveline tampering – to increase performance above legal limits – is a major concern in several European countries mainly legal limits – is a major concern in several European countries mainly legal limits – is a major concern in several European countries mainly involving mopeds. Modified vehicles not only lose their compliance with involving mopeds. Modified vehicles not only lose their compliance with involving mopeds. Modified vehicles not only lose their compliance with environmental norms, they also pose a serious threat to safety. environmental norms, they also pose a serious threat to safety.

While it is not an easy task to detect whether a PTW has been tampered with, While it is not an easy task to detect whether a PTW has been tampered with, figures show that a significant proportion of moped severe accidents occur figures show that a significant proportion of moped severe accidents occur figures show that a significant proportion of moped severe accidents occur at travel speeds greater than 50 km/h, indicating an illegal modification of at travel speeds greater than 50 km/h, indicating an illegal modification of at travel speeds greater than 50 km/h, indicating an illegal modification of the maximum speed limit of 45 km/h.the maximum speed limit of 45 km/h.

ACEM proposed new antitampering measures preventing moped users ACEM proposed new antitampering measures preventing moped users ACEM proposed new antitampering measures preventing moped users from illegally raising the maximum speed of the vehicle in order to from illegally raising the maximum speed of the vehicle in order to complement the existing regulatory provisions. These new measures complement the existing regulatory provisions. These new measures would cover electrical/electronic devices participating in the vehicle’s would cover electrical/electronic devices participating in the vehicle’s maximum speed limitation, the interchangeability of components, the maximum speed limitation, the interchangeability of components, the Continuously Variable Transmission’s components, the exhaust silencing Continuously Variable Transmission’s components, the exhaust silencing system and marking.

Authorities enforcing controls ave an important role to play in minimizing Authorities enforcing controls ave an important role to play in minimizing tampering.

Licensing The 3rd Driving Licence Directive was published in the EU official journal on Driving Licence Directive was published in the EU official journal on the 30 December 2006. The text was transposed by most Member States the 30 December 2006. The text was transposed by most Member States in 2011 and will apply as from January 2013. The directive contains new in 2011 and will apply as from January 2013. The directive contains new provisions governing the access to the different categories of Powered provisions governing the access to the different categories of Powered provisions governing the access to the different categories of Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs), introducing new PTW vehicle categories and Two-Wheelers (PTWs), introducing new PTW vehicle categories and Two-Wheelers (PTWs), introducing new PTW vehicle categories and providing Member States a range of options, among which testing and providing Member States a range of options, among which testing and providing Member States a range of options, among which testing and training.training.

ACEM believes that training and education are fundamental for improved ACEM believes that training and education are fundamental for improved PTW safety in the EU. A wide variety of training concepts and contents is PTW safety in the EU. A wide variety of training concepts and contents is available nowadays across Europe, freely accessible on a voluntary basis or available nowadays across Europe, freely accessible on a voluntary basis or mandatory prior to passing the licence test. Yet, there are some countries mandatory prior to passing the licence test. Yet, there are some countries where it is possible to ride a moped or a powerful motorcycle without any where it is possible to ride a moped or a powerful motorcycle without any kind of training.

Followingtheprinciplesof“lifelonglearning”ACEMencouragestraining instead of testing

• ACEM proposes access ages to follow straight from traffic safety school education, using the opportunity provided by low-powered PTW categories and encouraging progressive access (mopeds at 14; light motorcycles of 125cc at 16; motorcycles of ≤35KW at 18 and unrestricted access from 20 years of age).

• ACEM proposes to implement mandatory pre-license training, for all novice riders in Europe.

• The initial Rider Training Project offers a valuable framework for “progressive access” (www.initialridertraining.eu)

• ACEM supports the equivalence for car driving licence holders towards mopeds, light motorcycles of 125cc and tricycles) and proposes training for riders making use of equivalence options between various license categories.

• ACEM supports the direct access option to unrestricted motorcycle licence, as the current PTW test is among the most complete and demanding.

Early application of 3DLD in Spain: a case of market distortion

In spite of a clear application date, on December 8, 2009 the Spanish Ministry of Transport adopted the A2 motorcycle licence which limits the use to vehicles of less than 35 kW (47 hp). This new licence was introduced in haste, with Spain as well as Slovenia anticipating the application date of the EU Directive which clearly prescribes the simultaneous application in all Member States on January 19, 2013.

Following a sudden decline requests for new motorcycle licences, Spanish manufacturers asked Government to bring back the old licence scheme and to restore the access age of mopeds to 14 years with the aim of rescuing the ailing PTW market. ANESDOR denounced the Spanish initiative to illegally anticipate the application date of the 3rd Driving Licence Directive.

The ensuing legal incompatibility between Spanish motorcycle permits and the rest of the EU prevents Spanish riders from legally using their vehicle outside Spain and if they do so, they risk penalties and are not covered by insurance. This situation brought about by the Spanish Administration breaches Community law and violates the right to free movement of persons, a fundamental principle enshrined in the European Union treaty.

Furthermore on September 2010, the Ministry of Interior decided to increase to 15 years the minimum age for mopeds. Next to Greece, Spain was also the only European country to adopt such a measure.

The result has been a contraction of the moped segment by -73% since 2007, when 126,000 units were registered, compared to slightly more than 34,000 in 2010. Such a drop equals to the extintion of the moped segment and of most of the Spanish PTW industry.

The ill-advised early application of the 3DLD has resulted so far in a PTW market decline of 57%, from more than 395,000 units registered in 2007 to 169,000 of last year.

It can be estimated that the Spanish Government has caused serious damage to the PTW industry leading to the destruction of 25% of jobs in a global workforce of 50,000 in 2007.

In this dire context, ANESDOR has requested to comply with the application date foreseen in the EU directive and to postpone the implementation of the new European motorcycle licence scheme to January 2013.

Until then, ANESDOR demands to re-establish legality through the restoration of the previous scheme, recognising those A2 licences that were obtained in the meantime and can not leave the Spanish borders. ANESDOR also calls for the restoration of the access age to mopeds to 14 years.

eop equals to the extintion of the moped

The ill-advised early application of the 3DLD has resulted so far in a egistered

t can be estimated that the Spanish Government has caused serious damage to the PTW industry leading to the destruction of 25% of jobs

In this dire context, ANESDOR has requested to comply with the postpone

tation of the new European motorcycle licence scheme to

theestoration of the previous scheme, recognising those A2 licences that


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Guidelines on Motorcycle equipment With the aim of encouraging a wider take-up of protective gear ACEM With the aim of encouraging a wider take-up of protective gear ACEM With the aim of encouraging a wider take-up of protective gear ACEM With the aim of encouraging a wider take-up of protective gear ACEM has released a booklet in seven languages with indications on which has released a booklet in seven languages with indications on which has released a booklet in seven languages with indications on which has released a booklet in seven languages with indications on which has released a booklet in seven languages with indications on which equipment to choose. This brochure has been developed within the eSUM equipment to choose. This brochure has been developed within the eSUM equipment to choose. This brochure has been developed within the eSUM Project ensuing from the cooperation between ACEM and four European Project ensuing from the cooperation between ACEM and four European Project ensuing from the cooperation between ACEM and four European motorcycling capitals (London, Paris, Barcelona and Rome).motorcycling capitals (London, Paris, Barcelona and Rome).motorcycling capitals (London, Paris, Barcelona and Rome).

The goal is the identification, practical demonstration and adoption of The goal is the identification, practical demonstration and adoption of The goal is the identification, practical demonstration and adoption of The goal is the identification, practical demonstration and adoption of The goal is the identification, practical demonstration and adoption of measures for the safer use of powered two-wheelers in the inner-city traffic.measures for the safer use of powered two-wheelers in the inner-city traffic.measures for the safer use of powered two-wheelers in the inner-city traffic.measures for the safer use of powered two-wheelers in the inner-city traffic.measures for the safer use of powered two-wheelers in the inner-city traffic.Most riders use helmets. However moped riders and commuters tend Most riders use helmets. However moped riders and commuters tend Most riders use helmets. However moped riders and commuters tend Most riders use helmets. However moped riders and commuters tend Most riders use helmets. However moped riders and commuters tend to neglect the benefits of protective equipment in terms of safety and to neglect the benefits of protective equipment in terms of safety and to neglect the benefits of protective equipment in terms of safety and to neglect the benefits of protective equipment in terms of safety and to neglect the benefits of protective equipment in terms of safety and comfort. In Mediterranean countries, for example, due to their warm comfort. In Mediterranean countries, for example, due to their warm comfort. In Mediterranean countries, for example, due to their warm comfort. In Mediterranean countries, for example, due to their warm comfort. In Mediterranean countries, for example, due to their warm climates, users are still widely unaware that good apparel can combine climates, users are still widely unaware that good apparel can combine climates, users are still widely unaware that good apparel can combine climates, users are still widely unaware that good apparel can combine comfort and safety. The goal of this campaign is to provide some simple comfort and safety. The goal of this campaign is to provide some simple comfort and safety. The goal of this campaign is to provide some simple comfort and safety. The goal of this campaign is to provide some simple guidelines supported by scientific evidence to help increasing the number guidelines supported by scientific evidence to help increasing the number guidelines supported by scientific evidence to help increasing the number guidelines supported by scientific evidence to help increasing the number of motorcyclists equipped with appropriate protective clothing - http://of motorcyclists equipped with appropriate protective clothing - http://of motorcyclists equipped with appropriate protective clothing - http://of motorcyclists equipped with appropriate protective clothing - http://www.acem.eu/cms/ppe.php.www.acem.eu/cms/ppe.php.

The InfrastructureThe poor conditions of many European roads and the fact that PTW The poor conditions of many European roads and the fact that PTW The poor conditions of many European roads and the fact that PTW The poor conditions of many European roads and the fact that PTW The poor conditions of many European roads and the fact that PTW specific needs are still often neglected in road engineering are among the specific needs are still often neglected in road engineering are among the specific needs are still often neglected in road engineering are among the specific needs are still often neglected in road engineering are among the causes for accidents. Road Infrastructure Safety Management is part of the causes for accidents. Road Infrastructure Safety Management is part of the causes for accidents. Road Infrastructure Safety Management is part of the causes for accidents. Road Infrastructure Safety Management is part of the ‘integrated approach’ to road safety (linking the users the vehicle and the ‘integrated approach’ to road safety (linking the users the vehicle and the ‘integrated approach’ to road safety (linking the users the vehicle and the ‘integrated approach’ to road safety (linking the users the vehicle and the ‘integrated approach’ to road safety (linking the users the vehicle and the infrastructure aspects) and a step in the right direction of reducing the infrastructure aspects) and a step in the right direction of reducing the infrastructure aspects) and a step in the right direction of reducing the number of deaths on European roads.number of deaths on European roads.

ACEM engages with stakeholders responsible for improving the road ACEM engages with stakeholders responsible for improving the road ACEM engages with stakeholders responsible for improving the road ACEM engages with stakeholders responsible for improving the road environment and urges them to work with local agencies to identify and environment and urges them to work with local agencies to identify and environment and urges them to work with local agencies to identify and environment and urges them to work with local agencies to identify and environment and urges them to work with local agencies to identify and develop solutions which take PTWs into account. The adoption of PTW develop solutions which take PTWs into account. The adoption of PTW develop solutions which take PTWs into account. The adoption of PTW develop solutions which take PTWs into account. The adoption of PTW friendly guidelines while engineering and/or maintaining roads would friendly guidelines while engineering and/or maintaining roads would friendly guidelines while engineering and/or maintaining roads would friendly guidelines while engineering and/or maintaining roads would friendly guidelines while engineering and/or maintaining roads would effectively reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.

To this extent ACEM has published an “Infrastructure Guidelines Handbook”To this extent ACEM has published an “Infrastructure Guidelines Handbook”To this extent ACEM has published an “Infrastructure Guidelines Handbook”To this extent ACEM has published an “Infrastructure Guidelines Handbook”*

developed together with road engineers. This technical manual focuses on developed together with road engineers. This technical manual focuses on developed together with road engineers. This technical manual focuses on infrastructure and provides guidelines for a safer environment for PTWs. infrastructure and provides guidelines for a safer environment for PTWs. infrastructure and provides guidelines for a safer environment for PTWs. This publication is aimed at traffic engineers, urban planners, contractors This publication is aimed at traffic engineers, urban planners, contractors This publication is aimed at traffic engineers, urban planners, contractors and policy makers however it included also benefits in terms of safety for and policy makers however it included also benefits in terms of safety for and policy makers however it included also benefits in terms of safety for PTW users.

However the role of the rider can be crucial to prevent these accidents. This However the role of the rider can be crucial to prevent these accidents. This However the role of the rider can be crucial to prevent these accidents. This is why ACEM devised a campaign providing more information on the road is why ACEM devised a campaign providing more information on the road is why ACEM devised a campaign providing more information on the road environment with the aim of helping riders to make better choices and environment with the aim of helping riders to make better choices and environment with the aim of helping riders to make better choices and contribute to improving their own safety.

* The Handbook can be downloaded at http://www.acem.eu/cms/publications.phphe Handbook can be downloaded at http://www.acem.eu/cms/publications.phphe Handbook can be downloaded at http://www.acem.eu/cms/publications.php


34

The Motorcycle Industry in Europe

34

35

ENVIRONMENT“Towardsparitywithcars“.

PTWs require ten times less energy to manufacture and recycle than PTWs require ten times less energy to manufacture and recycle than passenger cars.passenger cars.

In developing, manufacturing and marketing their vehicles, ACEM In developing, manufacturing and marketing their vehicles, ACEM In developing, manufacturing and marketing their vehicles, ACEM Manufacturers assure the highest standards and full compliance with Manufacturers assure the highest standards and full compliance with Manufacturers assure the highest standards and full compliance with stringent environmental norms. stringent environmental norms.

In October 2010, the European Commission proposed a draft regulation In October 2010, the European Commission proposed a draft regulation with a roadmap towards 2020 for further environmental progress to with a roadmap towards 2020 for further environmental progress to further reduce the PTW contribution to the total road transport emissions. further reduce the PTW contribution to the total road transport emissions. This proposal is being considered by the European Parliament and the This proposal is being considered by the European Parliament and the Council, and the Commission is in parallel developing the delegated acts Council, and the Commission is in parallel developing the delegated acts comprising the technical details. comprising the technical details.

Regulated Pollutants

Achieved progressOver the last decade PTWs achieved remarkable progress in reducing Over the last decade PTWs achieved remarkable progress in reducing their environmental impact, with a 94 % reduction of CO and HC for their environmental impact, with a 94 % reduction of CO and HC for motorcycles and 88 % reduction of CO for mopeds. motorcycles and 88 % reduction of CO for mopeds.

35.0

35.0

7.0

13.0

3.00.3 0.3 0.32.0

1998-ECE 40

CO g/km

HC g/km

Nox g/km

1999-Euro 1 2006-Euro 32003-Euro 2

0.15

5.5

1.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

8.0

8.0

5.0

1998-ECE 47 1999 - Euro1 2003 - Euro 2

4.0

60

1.21.0

0.0

2.0

6.0

3.0

CO g/km

HC + NOx g/km

LimitValuesMotorcycleClassII(>150cc)

Moped 2 stroke / 4 stroke (50cc)


36

ACEM proactive proposals partially integrated in EC proposalRecognising the need to make progress, ACEM members proactively Recognising the need to make progress, ACEM members proactively proposed, at the occasion of their 5proposed, at the occasion of their 5th Annual Conference in Brussels on 1st December 2008, to set two new emissions reduction stages: Euro 3 December 2008, to set two new emissions reduction stages: Euro 3 and Euro 4 for mopeds and Euro 4 and Euro 5 for motorcycles. The EC and Euro 4 for mopeds and Euro 4 and Euro 5 for motorcycles. The EC has integrated industry’s proposals, foreseeing these new Euro standards has integrated industry’s proposals, foreseeing these new Euro standards should apply in 2014-2015 and 2017-2018. The EC also proposes a further should apply in 2014-2015 and 2017-2018. The EC also proposes a further emission reduction step in 2020-21, using limit values identical to those emission reduction step in 2020-21, using limit values identical to those of passenger cars Euro 5. The content of this third step will be confirmed of passenger cars Euro 5. The content of this third step will be confirmed based on the findings of a comprehensive environmental effect study to based on the findings of a comprehensive environmental effect study to be performed by 2016.be performed by 2016.

The proposal is accompanied by a more representative emission test The proposal is accompanied by a more representative emission test cycle for mopeds and by the worldwide motorcycle test cycle (WMTC). cycle for mopeds and by the worldwide motorcycle test cycle (WMTC). These cycles will be able to accurately reproduce the typical dynamic These cycles will be able to accurately reproduce the typical dynamic and usage of both PTW categories.

Motorcycle emissions : reducing carbon monoxide (CO), hydro-carbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)The proposed Euro 4 stage will achieve a 25% reduction over Euro 3 in The proposed Euro 4 stage will achieve a 25% reduction over Euro 3 in The proposed Euro 4 stage will achieve a 25% reduction over Euro 3 in tailpipe emissions for motorcycles, and the proposed Euro 5 stage will tailpipe emissions for motorcycles, and the proposed Euro 5 stage will tailpipe emissions for motorcycles, and the proposed Euro 5 stage will realize a further 25% reduction. These reductions are in line with the realize a further 25% reduction. These reductions are in line with the realize a further 25% reduction. These reductions are in line with the ones met by passenger cars, but motorcycles will use a tougher and ones met by passenger cars, but motorcycles will use a tougher and ones met by passenger cars, but motorcycles will use a tougher and more dynamic real-life test cycle.

Moving from current Euro 3 to Euro 5 will determine a 50% reduction Moving from current Euro 3 to Euro 5 will determine a 50% reduction Moving from current Euro 3 to Euro 5 will determine a 50% reduction of motorcycle pollutant emissions. The proposed steps must provide of motorcycle pollutant emissions. The proposed steps must provide of motorcycle pollutant emissions. The proposed steps must provide sufficient lead time to comply with industrial design and production sufficient lead time to comply with industrial design and production sufficient lead time to comply with industrial design and production constraints, phasing in targets and ensuring flexible solutions for industry constraints, phasing in targets and ensuring flexible solutions for industry constraints, phasing in targets and ensuring flexible solutions for industry and thus containing cost increases for the consumer ACEM maintains and thus containing cost increases for the consumer ACEM maintains that the 2020-21 envisaged step should be fully evaluated in terms of its that the 2020-21 envisaged step should be fully evaluated in terms of its need and assess the technical feasibility of its content; very importantly, need and assess the technical feasibility of its content; very importantly, cost-efficiency should be at the core of the 2020-21 step.cost-efficiency should be at the core of the 2020-21 step.

1999Euro 1

15

3

0.25 0.5

2

1

10CO

(g/k

m)

HC + NOx (g/km)

5

1 2 3

2006Euro 3

2006Euro 3

(2020-21*)Euro 6

2003Euro 2

(2017-18*)Euro 5

(2014-15*)Euro 5

* earliest possible proposed implenmetation dates (subject to legislative process)

EC proposed emission reduction processWMTCalso knownasGlobalTechnical Regulation2 (GTR2)wasdeveloped in Geneva under the auspices of the United Nations (UN-ECE). It reflects the dynamics of the different motorcycle categories.

1

140.0

130.0

120.0

110.0

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

101

Time

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

201 301 401 501 601 701 801 901 1001 1101 1201 1301 1401 1501 1601 1701

37

Evaporative EmissionsThe EC proposal includes requirements for controlling vapours lost from The EC proposal includes requirements for controlling vapours lost from The EC proposal includes requirements for controlling vapours lost from the fuel storage system. ACEM supports the principle, but wishes to the fuel storage system. ACEM supports the principle, but wishes to the fuel storage system. ACEM supports the principle, but wishes to underline that solutions should remain simple in order to contain the underline that solutions should remain simple in order to contain the underline that solutions should remain simple in order to contain the investment in technology and testing facilities.investment in technology and testing facilities.

DurabilityACEM supports the introduction of durability requirements, aimed ACEM supports the introduction of durability requirements, aimed ACEM supports the introduction of durability requirements, aimed at ensuring that emission performance is complied with over time at ensuring that emission performance is complied with over time at ensuring that emission performance is complied with over time during normal use of the vehicle. The durability requirements should during normal use of the vehicle. The durability requirements should during normal use of the vehicle. The durability requirements should reflect the actual average mileage performed by different L category reflect the actual average mileage performed by different L category reflect the actual average mileage performed by different L category vehicles, which is much lower than passenger cars. The specificity vehicles, which is much lower than passenger cars. The specificity of some of the L categories, such as smaller displacement vehicles, of some of the L categories, such as smaller displacement vehicles, as well as Trial and Enduro motorcycles, requires adaptation of the as well as Trial and Enduro motorcycles, requires adaptation of the durability mileage. Finally, the durability test procedure should follow durability mileage. Finally, the durability test procedure should follow practices existing in other parts of the world, in order to achieve the practices existing in other parts of the world, in order to achieve the simplification goals of the EC proposal by avoiding unnecessary simplification goals of the EC proposal by avoiding unnecessary duplications and related cost impacts.duplications and related cost impacts.

PTW NOx emissions“PTWsarenegligiblecontributors to totalNOxemissions,whereheavy duty vehicles dominate.

Therefore, although NOx contribution from mopeds and motorcycles is increasing due to the gradual shift from rich to stoichiometric combustion, they are not considered to exceed ~2% oftotalroadtransportNOxemissionsby2020.”

Study on possible new measures concerning motorcycle emissions - Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki - November 2008


CO2

The CO2 contribution of motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles and quadricycles to overall transport is marginal. According to projections, it will further fall and remain marginal in the future, compared to other transport modes. Considering the fact that PTWs emit lower amounts of CO2 compared to passenger cars, the increase in trips done by PTWs will actually have a positive effect in the overall reduction of CO2 emissions from road transport.

ACEM members, committed to contributing to the reduction of CO2 in transport, support the introduction of CO2 measurement for PTWs as part of the upcoming Euro stage. Labeling would then become possible to ensure objective consumer information and orienting the modal choice ensure objective consumer information and orienting the modal choice of citizens in transport. ACEM regards these steps to be essential in ending of citizens in transport. ACEM regards these steps to be essential in ending speculation about the COspeculation about the CO2 and fuel efficiency performance of PTWs.

On-Board DiagnosticsOBDs are monitoring systems able to identify and inform the user about OBDs are monitoring systems able to identify and inform the user about OBDs are monitoring systems able to identify and inform the user about vehicle malfunctions and store this information in a computer memory. vehicle malfunctions and store this information in a computer memory. vehicle malfunctions and store this information in a computer memory. OBD systems with different levels of complexity are being proposed by OBD systems with different levels of complexity are being proposed by OBD systems with different levels of complexity are being proposed by the EC in the type-approval regulation. ACEM supports the progressive the EC in the type-approval regulation. ACEM supports the progressive the EC in the type-approval regulation. ACEM supports the progressive introduction of OBD on L category vehicles, taking into account the introduction of OBD on L category vehicles, taking into account the introduction of OBD on L category vehicles, taking into account the technical constraints and cost parameters of smaller displacement technical constraints and cost parameters of smaller displacement technical constraints and cost parameters of smaller displacement vehicles, such as mopeds.

PTW CO2 Facts and Figures- PTW contribution to European road transport CO2 is predicted to

remain stable around 1.3%.- Average PTW CO2 level is already well below the car 2012 average

mandatory target.

PTWs, a much more energy efficient means of transport“PTWs appear as much more energy efficient means of transportation than passenger cars and their activity should be promoted as a measure to further control GHG emissions from road transport. The energy efficiency labeling regulation should be formulated in a way that will not affect the sensitive PTW market.”

Study on possible new measures concerning motorcycle emissions - Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki - November 2008

15

Gigatonnes CO2 - Equivalent GHGEmissions/Year

Total

Two- + Three-Wheelers

Buses

Freight + Passenger Rail

Water

Air

Freight Trucks

Light Duty Vehicles

12

9

6

3

02000 20502010 2020 2030 2040

CO2 emissions of different transport modes

Source: WBCSD Sustainable Mobility Project calculations

38

39

Noise

PTWs allowed on European public roads undergo a set of tests including PTWs allowed on European public roads undergo a set of tests including PTWs allowed on European public roads undergo a set of tests including PTWs allowed on European public roads undergo a set of tests including PTWs allowed on European public roads undergo a set of tests including the control of noise levels. Excessive noise is caused by the use of illegal the control of noise levels. Excessive noise is caused by the use of illegal (non type-approved) exhaust systems and aggressive riding behaviour. (non type-approved) exhaust systems and aggressive riding behaviour. The same type-approval testing procedure does not apply to every The same type-approval testing procedure does not apply to every exhaust system. Type-approved non original exhaust systems may exhaust system. Type-approved non original exhaust systems may violate legal noise levels, due to less stringent type-approval testing violate legal noise levels, due to less stringent type-approval testing violate legal noise levels, due to less stringent type-approval testing conditions. Simplification and harmonisation of the legal framework conditions. Simplification and harmonisation of the legal framework conditions. Simplification and harmonisation of the legal framework setting equally stringent measures to every exhaust system, should setting equally stringent measures to every exhaust system, should setting equally stringent measures to every exhaust system, should contribute to reduce the problem of illegal noise levels.contribute to reduce the problem of illegal noise levels.contribute to reduce the problem of illegal noise levels.

ACEM actively contributed to the revised UNECE regulation on ACEM actively contributed to the revised UNECE regulation on motorcycle noise emissions adopted in Geneva in 2011. It will bring motorcycle noise emissions adopted in Geneva in 2011. It will bring significant improvements: better representation of riding behaviour and significant improvements: better representation of riding behaviour and equal treatment of OEM and after sales exhaust systems manufacturers.equal treatment of OEM and after sales exhaust systems manufacturers.

Periodic Inspection

Increasing type-approval requirements determine motorcycle Increasing type-approval requirements determine motorcycle manufacturers having to invest into more complex and refined manufacturers having to invest into more complex and refined technologies to ensure the vehicles’ compliance to higher standards.technologies to ensure the vehicles’ compliance to higher standards.

Correct maintenance and servicing by the user is necessary to guarantee Correct maintenance and servicing by the user is necessary to guarantee Correct maintenance and servicing by the user is necessary to guarantee the vehicle’s proper environmental performance over its lifetime. the vehicle’s proper environmental performance over its lifetime. the vehicle’s proper environmental performance over its lifetime.

Maintenance and servicing also make an important contribution to road Maintenance and servicing also make an important contribution to road Maintenance and servicing also make an important contribution to road safety ensuring the good working conditions of wheels, tires, brakes and safety ensuring the good working conditions of wheels, tires, brakes and safety ensuring the good working conditions of wheels, tires, brakes and lighting.

Currently, a majority of Member States have introduced PTWs periodic Currently, a majority of Member States have introduced PTWs periodic Currently, a majority of Member States have introduced PTWs periodic roadworthiness testing for environmental and safety reasons. However, roadworthiness testing for environmental and safety reasons. However, roadworthiness testing for environmental and safety reasons. However, PTWs are the only vehicle not falling under the scope of Directive PTWs are the only vehicle not falling under the scope of Directive 2009/40/EC.

ACEM members support the inclusion of PTWs in the scope of Directive ACEM members support the inclusion of PTWs in the scope of Directive 2009/40/EC, with appropriate periodicity requirements. Environmental 2009/40/EC, with appropriate periodicity requirements. Environmental checks should focus on tailpipe emissions and exhaust system noischecks should focus on tailpipe emissions and exhaust system noise.

Motorcycles fitted with a type-approved road legal exhaust system emit similar noise levels to passenfer cars.

Motorcycle noise

normal riding/driving aggressive riding/driving

Vehicle Driving Speed km/h

Noise

Leve

l (dB

/A)


40

41

ECONOMY AND COMPETITION“Growththroughalevelplayingfield“.

The powered two-wheeler industry plays an important role in the EU in he powered two-wheeler industry plays an important role in the EU in terms of the economy and jobs. Europe has been a leading production terms of the economy and jobs. Europe has been a leading production base for Powered Two-Wheelers since the invention of the motorcycle base for Powered Two-Wheelers since the invention of the motorcycle base for Powered Two-Wheelers since the invention of the motorcycle in the late 19in the late 19th century. More than a century later, the motorcycle century. More than a century later, the motorcycle industry remains at the forefront when it comes to investment in industry remains at the forefront when it comes to investment in industry remains at the forefront when it comes to investment in innovation, quality and design. Europe is a key market for many non-innovation, quality and design. Europe is a key market for many non-innovation, quality and design. Europe is a key market for many non-European brands, to the extent that specialist knowledge and closeness European brands, to the extent that specialist knowledge and closeness European brands, to the extent that specialist knowledge and closeness to consumers has lead to the establishment of production facilities in to consumers has lead to the establishment of production facilities in the EU. Over the last two decades, there has been growing competition the EU. Over the last two decades, there has been growing competition from emerging economies manufacturers on the EU market. from emerging economies manufacturers on the EU market.

For the industry to thrive, it is necessary to ensure a level playing field and For the industry to thrive, it is necessary to ensure a level playing field and

provide equal access to opportunities on the EU and extra-EU markets.provide equal access to opportunities on the EU and extra-EU markets.

The PTW Sector at a Glance

As part of the transport sector of the economy, the PTW sector is too As part of the transport sector of the economy, the PTW sector is too often assimilated to the automobile one. This oversimplification hides often assimilated to the automobile one. This oversimplification hides often assimilated to the automobile one. This oversimplification hides very peculiar characteristics, which regulate the economic dynamics very peculiar characteristics, which regulate the economic dynamics very peculiar characteristics, which regulate the economic dynamics of a branch, whose main aspects can be summarized by flexibility and of a branch, whose main aspects can be summarized by flexibility and of a branch, whose main aspects can be summarized by flexibility and diversity.

In the EU27, almost 40,000 enterprises operate in the PTW sector, in In the EU27, almost 40,000 enterprises operate in the PTW sector, in In the EU27, almost 40,000 enterprises operate in the PTW sector, in In the EU27, almost 40,000 enterprises operate in the PTW sector, in which more than 960* are dedicated to a certain form of production which more than 960* are dedicated to a certain form of production which more than 960* are dedicated to a certain form of production of PTWs, from artisanal manufacture of unique personalized models up of PTWs, from artisanal manufacture of unique personalized models up of PTWs, from artisanal manufacture of unique personalized models up to industrial series production, the core activity of the branch. Around to industrial series production, the core activity of the branch. Around to industrial series production, the core activity of the branch. Around 80% of these enterprises are located in 6 Member States: Austria, France, 80% of these enterprises are located in 6 Member States: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom.

The organization of the distribution, maintenance and repair of The organization of the distribution, maintenance and repair of motorcycles satisfies the proximity needs of the consumers through motorcycles satisfies the proximity needs of the consumers through more than 38,000 points of sales and services spread over the territory more than 38,000 points of sales and services spread over the territory of the Union. PTW distribution and services represents 2/3 of the of the Union. PTW distribution and services represents 2/3 of the employment of the sector, which accounts for more than 164,000 jobs as employment of the sector, which accounts for more than 164,000 jobs as a whole. The above mentioned six countries also account for the largest a whole. The above mentioned six countries also account for the largest shares in the sector’s employment.

In 2008, the turnover of the entire PTW sector was estimated at 34 billion In 2008, the turnover of the entire PTW sector was estimated at 34 billion Euro, for which the manufacturing of motorcycles accounted for nearly 7 Euro, for which the manufacturing of motorcycles accounted for nearly 7 billion Euro, with a breakdown across the Member States similar to that billion Euro, with a breakdown across the Member States similar to that of number of enterprises.

NamessuchasPeugeot (France)andTriumph (UK)havebeen inmotorcycle manufacturing since the earliest days. Others such as BMW(Germany)formedsoonafter. Indeed,Europegavebirthtonew motorcycle brands that quickly grew providing utility andleisure mobility as shown by Piaggio (Italy), Derbi (Spain), Ducati (Italy) and KTM (Austria). Manufacturers such as Honda, Suzukiand Yamaha (Japan) established European production facilities. BrandslikeHarley-Davidson(USA),Kawasaki(Japan),BombardierRecreational Products (Canada) and Victory Motorcycles (USA) equallysetuptheirdistributionbusinessesinEurope.

* This value refers to the sector as defined in the classification NACE Rev.2 (released in 2008), and is much greater than the total that had been estimated by Eurostat for 2006, which was calculated on the his value refers to the sector as defined in the classification NACE Rev.2 (released in 2008), and is much greater than the total that had been estimated by Eurostat for 2006, which was calculated on the his value refers to the sector as defined in the classification NACE Rev.2 (released in 2008), and is much greater than the total that had been estimated by Eurostat for 2006, which was calculated on the basis of the previous version of the classification (NACE Rev. 1.1.) and corresponded to 870 enterprises. This difference is due to the fact that according to the “old” classification, the manufacturing of basis of the previous version of the classification (NACE Rev. 1.1.) and corresponded to 870 enterprises. This difference is due to the fact that according to the “old” classification, the manufacturing of basis of the previous version of the classification (NACE Rev. 1.1.) and corresponded to 870 enterprises. This difference is due to the fact that according to the “old” classification, the manufacturing of motorcycles engines was not included in the manufacturing of motorcycles (but was part of manufacturing of motor vehicles). motorcycles engines was not included in the manufacturing of motorcycles (but was part of manufacturing of motor vehicles). motorcycles engines was not included in the manufacturing of motorcycles (but was part of manufacturing of motor vehicles).


42

Small and Medium Enterprises represent a fundamental characteristic of Small and Medium Enterprises represent a fundamental characteristic of the sector as a whole with almost 98% of the total number of businesses the sector as a whole with almost 98% of the total number of businesses and 3/4 of the PTW manufacturers. This reality often goes unnoticed due and 3/4 of the PTW manufacturers. This reality often goes unnoticed due to the reputation of international PTW manufacturing groups, directly in to the reputation of international PTW manufacturing groups, directly in ACEM membership.ACEM membership.

Characterised by a high seasonal effect influenced by climate conditions Characterised by a high seasonal effect influenced by climate conditions especially in Northern and Central Europe, manufacturers are used to adapt their production capacity to the market demand, which varies in huge proportions.

Another characteristic is given by the management of a wide variety of different models, ranging from small 50cc scooters up to large displacement touring motorcycles. This impacts all the industrial and commercial chain, from research and development, product planning, logistic, production, up to marketing, distribution, and services and requires constant flexibility and reactivity from all the actors in the sector.requires constant flexibility and reactivity from all the actors in the sector.

SMEs,arealityofthePTWsectorIn the EU, enterprises operating in the manufacturing of motorcycles have an average of 29 persons employed each, whilePTWdistribution and services employ an averageof 3people.

The seasonal effectOn a monthly basis, the variation of the registrations is affected by a factor 3.

The diversity of the offer14 main segments7 engine capacity classes

SMEManufacturing

2%

Non SME Manufacturing

0%

SMEDownstream

98%

PTWEnterprises-SplitbySize

Small and Medium Enterprises represent a fundamental characteristic of the sector as a whole with almost 98% of the total number of businesses and 3/4 of PTW manufacturers.

43

Internal Market

2008-2011: four consecutive years of recession due to the economic crisis

The crisis that has been affecting the powered two-wheelers market in The crisis that has been affecting the powered two-wheelers market in the EU since 2008 is not loosening its grasp. 2011 marks the lowest perthe EU since 2008 is not loosening its grasp. 2011 marks the lowest per-formance of the decade. Registrations of Powered Two Wheelers fell by formance of the decade. Registrations of Powered Two Wheelers fell by formance of the decade. Registrations of Powered Two Wheelers fell by another 9,5%, amounting to almost 170,000 less units, compared to 1.7 another 9,5%, amounting to almost 170,000 less units, compared to 1.7 another 9,5%, amounting to almost 170,000 less units, compared to 1.7 million units.million units.

Since the last quarter of 2008, registrations have begun to fall dramatically Since the last quarter of 2008, registrations have begun to fall dramatically Since the last quarter of 2008, registrations have begun to fall dramatically in important markets such as Spain, France and Greece. This decline has in important markets such as Spain, France and Greece. This decline has lead to a revolution in the European market of motorcycles and scooters.lead to a revolution in the European market of motorcycles and scooters.

Consequences on the Italian market, which seemed immune to the crisis, Consequences on the Italian market, which seemed immune to the crisis, also thanks to measures adopted by the Government in 2008 and 2009, also thanks to measures adopted by the Government in 2008 and 2009, didn’t fail to occur. When the successful scrapping scheme ended, Europe’s didn’t fail to occur. When the successful scrapping scheme ended, Europe’s biggest market soon lost its primacy to France.biggest market soon lost its primacy to France.

Marking the greatest losses in 2011 were Italy, with -17%, Spain (-16%) and Marking the greatest losses in 2011 were Italy, with -17%, Spain (-16%) and The Netherlands (-13%). Greece, because of its known economic situaThe Netherlands (-13%). Greece, because of its known economic situa-tion, set the record low in sales of powered two-wheelers: -25%. Countries tion, set the record low in sales of powered two-wheelers: -25%. Countries that until now seemed able to contain the damage, such as Germany and that until now seemed able to contain the damage, such as Germany and France, have reduced their positive trend, -1.6% and -3.3% respectively.France, have reduced their positive trend, -1.6% and -3.3% respectively.

The crisis has as a matter of fact wiped out 37% of the volumes achieved in The crisis has as a matter of fact wiped out 37% of the volumes achieved in The crisis has as a matter of fact wiped out 37% of the volumes achieved in 2008. The year 2010 ended with a blazing -14%, while in 2009 the decline 2008. The year 2010 ended with a blazing -14%, while in 2009 the decline 2008. The year 2010 ended with a blazing -14%, while in 2009 the decline amounted to -15% year on year.amounted to -15% year on year.amounted to -15% year on year.

The increasing competition in the PTW sector

One of the characteristics of the PTW market is its remarkable dynamism, One of the characteristics of the PTW market is its remarkable dynamism, One of the characteristics of the PTW market is its remarkable dynamism, which allows an increasing number of new players, providing consumers which allows an increasing number of new players, providing consumers which allows an increasing number of new players, providing consumers which allows an increasing number of new players, providing consumers with wider choices, value and benefits.

Top 5 European markets in 2011

The European PTW market : High competition

At the beginning of 2012, the CIAcem* database included the following figures :

• Number of commercial brands in competition: 1365• Number of models offered to the consumers: 16,388

France Italy Germany Turkey Spain

PTWs

Italy France Turkey Germany Spain

Motorcycles

France TheNetherlands

Italy Poland Germany

Mopeds

* CIAcem: the European registration database project developed by ACEM manufacturers* CIAcem: the European registration database project developed by ACEM manufacturers


44

700000

600000

500000

400000

300000

200000

100000

0

2001 2011(prov.)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Italy France Spain Germany Turkey United Kingdom

Main Market Trends

Over the last decade the total volume of registrations and deliveries culmiOver the last decade the total volume of registrations and deliveries culmi-nated in 2007 at 2.7 million units. In 2011, four years into a dire economic nated in 2007 at 2.7 million units. In 2011, four years into a dire economic crisis, the PTW sector achieved its lowest result with 1.7 million units corcrisis, the PTW sector achieved its lowest result with 1.7 million units cor-responding to 1 million difference compared to 2007. The period 1994 – responding to 1 million difference compared to 2007. The period 1994 – 2008 had been marked by a positive trend. Unfortunately between 2007 2008 had been marked by a positive trend. Unfortunately between 2007 and 2011 the global economic crisis and the subsequent credit crunch and 2011 the global economic crisis and the subsequent credit crunch lead to a 37% decline of the European PTW market. lead to a 37% decline of the European PTW market.

The crisis has deeply affected the European PTW market not only reducing its volumes but also changing some of the core aspects which tradition-ally reflected its main features. Italy, historically know as Europe’s first PTW ally reflected its main features. Italy, historically know as Europe’s first PTW market for PTW, lost its supremacy to France. While Germany rose to third market for PTW, lost its supremacy to France. While Germany rose to third place, Spain has to hand over its position at the top to a new entry: Turkey, place, Spain has to hand over its position at the top to a new entry: Turkey, the only country where volumes are increasing.the only country where volumes are increasing.

3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total Europe

Total Europe

PTW, Moped and Motorcycle registrations/deliveries 2001 – 2011 (Source CIAcem)

27263202597551

21981991889568

1720948

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(prov.)

30000003000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0

TotalPTWs

The graph highlights the yearly decline of PTW registrations in the EU since 2007.

MainPTWMarketTrends

45

Shifts have also occurred in the share of engine capacity classes. All counShifts have also occurred in the share of engine capacity classes. All counShifts have also occurred in the share of engine capacity classes. All coun-tries lost volumes both in the moped as well as in the motocycle segtries lost volumes both in the moped as well as in the motocycle segtries lost volumes both in the moped as well as in the motocycle seg-ments. However, the decline was more severe for motorcycles which lost ments. However, the decline was more severe for motorcycles which lost ments. However, the decline was more severe for motorcycles which lost 12% in 2011 compared to 2010, a double digit fall for the third consecu12% in 2011 compared to 2010, a double digit fall for the third consecu12% in 2011 compared to 2010, a double digit fall for the third consecu-tive year. Mopeds show some resilience declining by only 1% in 2011. This tive year. Mopeds show some resilience declining by only 1% in 2011. This good performance however hides a -32% in lost volumes since 2007, the good performance however hides a -32% in lost volumes since 2007, the year before the crisis began to wreak havoc. The good performance of this year before the crisis began to wreak havoc. The good performance of this segment, which now accounts for 36% of the European market in terms segment, which now accounts for 36% of the European market in terms of units, is due to the combination of a growing demand for individual of units, is due to the combination of a growing demand for individual of units, is due to the combination of a growing demand for individual urban mobility and a harshening of licensing provisions decided by some urban mobility and a harshening of licensing provisions decided by some urban mobility and a harshening of licensing provisions decided by some Member States (i.e. Spain). It is however to be determined whether the criMember States (i.e. Spain). It is however to be determined whether the criMember States (i.e. Spain). It is however to be determined whether the cri-sis itself is pushing consumers toward a more affordable transport mode, sis itself is pushing consumers toward a more affordable transport mode, sis itself is pushing consumers toward a more affordable transport mode, such as the moped.

The increase of individual mobility needs influences positively also the The increase of individual mobility needs influences positively also the scooter segment, which now dominates the PTW market and reaches a scooter segment, which now dominates the PTW market and reaches a 58% market share in 2011.

Scooters dominate the smaller capacity classes confirming the shift of conScooters dominate the smaller capacity classes confirming the shift of conScooters dominate the smaller capacity classes confirming the shift of con-sumers toward a more utility oriented transport paradigm. The motorcycle sumers toward a more utility oriented transport paradigm. The motorcycle sumers toward a more utility oriented transport paradigm. The motorcycle style however is still accounting for 53% of the market for the capacity style however is still accounting for 53% of the market for the capacity style however is still accounting for 53% of the market for the capacity classes above 50cc.classes above 50cc.

Since 2008, European manufacturers represented by ACEM have been callSince 2008, European manufacturers represented by ACEM have been call-ing on European institutions for increased attention for this situation, as it ing on European institutions for increased attention for this situation, as it dramatically impacted the labor market. Perhaps the most dramatic case is dramatically impacted the labor market. Perhaps the most dramatic case is represented by Spain, where the motorcycle industry has lost a quarter of represented by Spain, where the motorcycle industry has lost a quarter of its original 50,000 jobs since 2007.

Pushed by a worsened economic context, manufacturers have undergone Pushed by a worsened economic context, manufacturers have undergone Pushed by a worsened economic context, manufacturers have undergone deep restructuring and have invested in innovation. The industry has done deep restructuring and have invested in innovation. The industry has done deep restructuring and have invested in innovation. The industry has done its part in creating the basis for recovery. However, it is the role of policy its part in creating the basis for recovery. However, it is the role of policy its part in creating the basis for recovery. However, it is the role of policy makers to reassure consumers and households by ensuring that jobs and makers to reassure consumers and households by ensuring that jobs and makers to reassure consumers and households by ensuring that jobs and manufacturing remain in Europe. New legislation needs to take into acmanufacturing remain in Europe. New legislation needs to take into acmanufacturing remain in Europe. New legislation needs to take into ac-count its impact on an already depressed situation.

PTWenginecapacityclasses

51-125cc25%

2-50cc36%

Other40%

251-500cc9%

501-750cc8%

751-1000cc

7%

1001-9999cc

7%126-250cc

8%

MainStyles-AllPTWs

MC style201142%

Scooter style201158%


46

The manufacturing of motorcycles

The following analysis of the structure and recent trends of the PTW The following analysis of the structure and recent trends of the PTW market focuses on the core activity of the PTW sector, the manufacturing market focuses on the core activity of the PTW sector, the manufacturing of L-category vehicles. All presented data have been derived from of L-category vehicles. All presented data have been derived from Eurostat’s databases; at the time of writing the most recent data Eurostat’s databases; at the time of writing the most recent data available referred to 2008*.available referred to 2008*.

Structure of the sector

Enterprises in the motorcycles manufacturing sector by Member State, 2008

The total number of motorcycle manufacturers operating in the EU-27 in The total number of motorcycle manufacturers operating in the EU-27 in The total number of motorcycle manufacturers operating in the EU-27 in The total number of motorcycle manufacturers operating in the EU-27 in 2008 has been estimated by Eurostat at 960. The majority of enterprises is 2008 has been estimated by Eurostat at 960. The majority of enterprises is 2008 has been estimated by Eurostat at 960. The majority of enterprises is located in some of the largest countries: Italy alone accounted for about located in some of the largest countries: Italy alone accounted for about located in some of the largest countries: Italy alone accounted for about 44% of the total, whereas the United Kingdom and Spain for about 11% 44% of the total, whereas the United Kingdom and Spain for about 11% 44% of the total, whereas the United Kingdom and Spain for about 11% each. Germany and France followed each at 8%. Considering that the each. Germany and France followed each at 8%. Considering that the each. Germany and France followed each at 8%. Considering that the magnitude of the economic crisis became evident only in 2009, the magnitude of the economic crisis became evident only in 2009, the magnitude of the economic crisis became evident only in 2009, the number of enterprises in each country did not experience significant number of enterprises in each country did not experience significant number of enterprises in each country did not experience significant changes between 2006 and 2008.

Employment in the manufacturing of motorcycles is concentrated in a Employment in the manufacturing of motorcycles is concentrated in a few countries. In 2008 Italy ranked first, far above the other countries, few countries. In 2008 Italy ranked first, far above the other countries, with more than 15 000 persons employed. Spain and France totalled with more than 15 000 persons employed. Spain and France totalled 2 500-2 800 people each, whereas Austria, Germany and the United 2 500-2 800 people each, whereas Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom 1 100-1 500. These six countries totalled about 90% of the Kingdom 1 100-1 500. These six countries totalled about 90% of the sector’s employmentsector’s employment****.

The manufacture of motorcycles can not be compare to the manufacture The manufacture of motorcycles can not be compare to the manufacture The manufacture of motorcycles can not be compare to the manufacture of motor vehicles: in 2008, at EU level, they had an average of 29 persons of motor vehicles: in 2008, at EU level, they had an average of 29 persons of motor vehicles: in 2008, at EU level, they had an average of 29 persons employed each, compared to about 500 for the manufacture of motor employed each, compared to about 500 for the manufacture of motor employed each, compared to about 500 for the manufacture of motor vehicles. vehicles.

11%

11%

8%

8%

5% 4%

3% 2% 4%

44%

United Kingdom

Spain

Germany

France

Sweden

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Other

Italy

The percentages have been calculated on the basis of the total for the EU Member States which provided data for 2008. Data were not provided Member States which provided data for 2008. Data were not provided by the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Slovakia.by the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Slovakia.

Employment in Manufacturing Sector - Split by Country

PTWManufacturingEnterprisesMSShareofEmployees5 countries IT+ES+FR+DE+AT = 88% of employmenties IT+ES+FR+DE+AT = 88% of employment

Italy 57%

Spain 11%

France 9%

Austria 6%

Germany 5%

United Kingdom 4%

Slovenia 2%

Portugal 2%

Poland 2%

The Netherlands 1%

Sweden 1%

Others 12%

* In 2008 a new classification of economic activities was adopted in the EU : such classification is n 2008 a new classification of economic activities was adopted in the EU : such classification is the NACE Rev.2, and replaces the NACE Rev.1.1 which dates back to 2002.the NACE Rev.2, and replaces the NACE Rev.1.1 which dates back to 2002.

** This percentage is calculated on the total for the countries for which data are available, but it his percentage is calculated on the total for the countries for which data are available, but it enables to observe the level of concentration.enables to observe the level of concentration.

47

Productivity and performance indicators

The total turnover generated during 2008 by manufacturers of PTW The total turnover generated during 2008 by manufacturers of PTW amounted to 7.0 billion Euro.

In 2008 Italy alone accounted for more than half of the turnover of In 2008 Italy alone accounted for more than half of the turnover of motorcycle manufacturing generated in the EU, at around 3.9 billion Euro. motorcycle manufacturing generated in the EU, at around 3.9 billion Euro. motorcycle manufacturing generated in the EU, at around 3.9 billion Euro. Spain recorded slightly more than 1.0 billion euro, which corresponded Spain recorded slightly more than 1.0 billion euro, which corresponded Spain recorded slightly more than 1.0 billion euro, which corresponded to a share of 15%; Austria and France accounted respectively for 8.5% to a share of 15%; Austria and France accounted respectively for 8.5% to a share of 15%; Austria and France accounted respectively for 8.5% (590 million euro) and 8.0% (560 million euro). The United Kingdom and (590 million euro) and 8.0% (560 million euro). The United Kingdom and (590 million euro) and 8.0% (560 million euro). The United Kingdom and Germany followed with 360 million and 180 million euro respectively.Germany followed with 360 million and 180 million euro respectively.Germany followed with 360 million and 180 million euro respectively.

Bigcompanies

24%

SMEs 76%

SplitbySizeofCompanies

PTWManufacturingEnterprisesSplitbySize

Austria

500

400

300

200

100

0

Slove

niaIta

lySp

ain

Portugal

France

EU-27

German

y

Poland

United Kingdom

Netherla

nds

Hungary

AveragesizeofenterprisesbyMemberStateManufacturing Sector

− EU average: 29 persons employed verage: 29 persons employed − Austria and Slovenia rank among the countries with the ustria and Slovenia rank among the countries with the

largest average enterprise size due to the presence of few largest average enterprise size due to the presence of few large players in those countries.large players in those countries.large players in those countries.

PTWManufacturingEnterprisesMSShareofTurnover5 countries (Italy, Spain, Austria, France, United Kingdom)= 92% of turnover

Germany 3%

United Kingdom 5%

France 8%

Austria 8%

Spain 15%

Italy 56%

Other 4%Slovenia 1%

TurnoverofPTWManufacturingSector-SplitbyCountry


48

Employment

While between 1999 and 2008 employment in the European While between 1999 and 2008 employment in the European manufacturing industry declined by nearly 11%, the PTW sector manufacturing industry declined by nearly 11%, the PTW sector recorded a drop (-9.5%) in line with the average.recorded a drop (-9.5%) in line with the average.

Except for a downward trend in 2001-2002, until 2007 turnover of Except for a downward trend in 2001-2002, until 2007 turnover of the manufacturing of motorcycles increased every year to reach a the manufacturing of motorcycles increased every year to reach a cumulated growth of 29% between 1999 and 2007. This growth was the cumulated growth of 29% between 1999 and 2007. This growth was the same as the one recorded by manufacturing of motor vehicles and by same as the one recorded by manufacturing of motor vehicles and by manufacturing as a whole. manufacturing as a whole.

The drop in enterprises’ turnover caused by the economic crisis in 2008 The drop in enterprises’ turnover caused by the economic crisis in 2008 was particularly remarkable in the PTW sector, which recorded a drop of was particularly remarkable in the PTW sector, which recorded a drop of about 9% in one single year (compared to -6% in the manufacturing of about 9% in one single year (compared to -6% in the manufacturing of motor vehicles and to -1.3% in manufacturing as a whole).

Until 2007, following the “combination” of a sustained growth in turnover with a decline (or stability) in employment, the average value of turnover per person employed generally increased. In 2008, the abrupt decline in total turnover entailed a drop in the value of the turnover generated by each worker.

Despite this decline, over the entire 1999-2008 period the change in turnover per person employed remained positive: +30% in manufacture of motorcycles and motor vehicles, +43% in total manufacturing.The evolution of value added per person employed (labour productivity) more or less followed the pattern of turnover per person employed, but with a more modest growth.

110,0

100,0

90,0

80,02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200820001999

Manufacture of motorcyclesManufacture of motor vehicle, trailers and semi-trailersTotal manufacturing

(*)(*) Data rData refer to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom as a whole.efer to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom as a whole.

Number of persons employed

Evolution of selected variables during the 1999-2008 period (1999= 100) (*)

150,0

140,0

130,0

120,0

110,0

100,0

90,02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20071999 2000

Manufacture of motorcyclesManufacture of motor vehicle, trailers and semi-trailers

Total manufacturing

Turnover per persons employed

49

The crisis that started in 2008 did not have, in that year, a strong impact The crisis that started in 2008 did not have, in that year, a strong impact on employment in industry, but the drop in the demand affected on employment in industry, but the drop in the demand affected substantially the production and, consequently, the turnover. substantially the production and, consequently, the turnover.

The sector’s turnover also saw a positive trend between 2006 and 2008 The sector’s turnover also saw a positive trend between 2006 and 2008 The sector’s turnover also saw a positive trend between 2006 and 2008 (only in Spain a decline was recorded). However, the positive change (only in Spain a decline was recorded). However, the positive change (only in Spain a decline was recorded). However, the positive change over the 2-year period is due to strong increases between 2006 and over the 2-year period is due to strong increases between 2006 and over the 2-year period is due to strong increases between 2006 and 2007, whereas between 2007 and 2008 turnover tended to decline.2007, whereas between 2007 and 2008 turnover tended to decline.2007, whereas between 2007 and 2008 turnover tended to decline.

140,0

130,0

120,0

110,0

100,0

90,0

80,0

70,02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20071999 2000


Total manufacturing

2008

130,0

120,0

110,0

100,0

90,02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20071999 2000


Total manufacturing

2008

Turnover

Apparent labour productivity


50

The downstream activity

Downstream activity is intended here as the sale (both retail and Downstream activity is intended here as the sale (both retail and wholesale), maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related products.wholesale), maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related products.

In the EU more than 38 000 enterprises and nearly 115 000 people In the EU more than 38 000 enterprises and nearly 115 000 people are employed in maintenance and repair of motorcycles and trade of are employed in maintenance and repair of motorcycles and trade of related products. Unsurprisingly, the largest Member States (France, related products. Unsurprisingly, the largest Member States (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) accounted for the Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) accounted for the highest proportions of enterprises (66%) and of employment (73%).highest proportions of enterprises (66%) and of employment (73%).

For 2008 the turnover of trade and repair of motorcycle amonuted to For 2008 the turnover of trade and repair of motorcycle amonuted to 24.3 million Euro.24.3 million Euro.

There are however important structural differences across these There are however important structural differences across these There are however important structural differences across these There are however important structural differences across these countries: Italy, where the sector is very fragmented and dominated by countries: Italy, where the sector is very fragmented and dominated by countries: Italy, where the sector is very fragmented and dominated by small enterprises, accounted for 25% of total enterprises and for “only” small enterprises, accounted for 25% of total enterprises and for “only” small enterprises, accounted for 25% of total enterprises and for “only” 20% of employment.

Conversely, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, where enterprises Conversely, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, where enterprises Conversely, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, where enterprises were generally larger in size, recorded greater shares for employment were generally larger in size, recorded greater shares for employment were generally larger in size, recorded greater shares for employment than for the number of businesses. Spain stood somewhere in the than for the number of businesses. Spain stood somewhere in the than for the number of businesses. Spain stood somewhere in the middle, recording similar shares for both employment and the number middle, recording similar shares for both employment and the number middle, recording similar shares for both employment and the number of enterprises.

In all countries trade of motorcycles is more important for employment In all countries trade of motorcycles is more important for employment In all countries trade of motorcycles is more important for employment than for turnover, which is clearly due to the fact that PTW generally than for turnover, which is clearly due to the fact that PTW generally have lower unit values than motor vehicles, and that such values are not have lower unit values than motor vehicles, and that such values are not compensated by the quantities (number of units) sold.compensated by the quantities (number of units) sold.

Employment in Downstream Sector - Split by Country

Italy 20%

France 14%

Germany 14%

United Kingdom 14%

Spain 10%

Greece 7%

Portugal 4%

Netherlands 3%

Sweden 2%

Belgium 2%

Poland 2%

Austria 2%

Hungary 1%

Finland 1%

Other countries

4%

Others 9%

PTWSales,Maintenance&RepairEnterprisesMSShareofEmployment

51

Employment in the downstream sector

An analysis of the medium-term evolution of employment and turnover An analysis of the medium-term evolution of employment and turnover in trade of motorcycles compared to total motor trade in the EU in trade of motorcycles compared to total motor trade in the EU highlights the following key aspects:

- over the period, both sectors recorded an increase in turnover and ver the period, both sectors recorded an increase in turnover and ver the period, both sectors recorded an increase in turnover and employment;

- employment growth was higher in PTW trade (+36% over the period) yment growth was higher in PTW trade (+36% over the period) yment growth was higher in PTW trade (+36% over the period) than in total motor trade (+25%);

- the evolution of turnover was instead greater in total motor trade volution of turnover was instead greater in total motor trade volution of turnover was instead greater in total motor trade (+55%) than in PTW trade (+29%);

- in 2008 the economic crisis substantially affected the performance isis substantially affected the performance isis substantially affected the performance of enterprises, and both PTW and total motor trade saw reductions of enterprises, and both PTW and total motor trade saw reductions of enterprises, and both PTW and total motor trade saw reductions in the turnover. The impact was particularly remarkable in PTW trade, in the turnover. The impact was particularly remarkable in PTW trade, in the turnover. The impact was particularly remarkable in PTW trade, where turnover dropped by 7.5% in 2008 compared to 2007 (in total where turnover dropped by 7.5% in 2008 compared to 2007 (in total motor trade turnover fell by “only” 3.9%).

140,0

130,0

120,0

110,0

100,02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Trade of motorcycles Total motor trade

20001999

160,0

140,0

130,0

120,0

110,0

100,02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Trade of motorcycles

Total motor trade

20001999

Averagesizeofenterprisesinthetradeandservicesofmotorcycles, by Member State, Downstream Sector

− EU average: 3 persons employed

Slova

kia

6

4

2

0

Slove

niaIta

lySp

ain

Portugal

France

EU-27

German

y

Poland

United Kingdom

Netherla

ndsLa

tvia

Austria

Lithuan

ia

Finlan

d

Estonia

Irelan

d

Hungary

Greece

Denmark

Belgium

Bulgaria

Romania

Czech

Republic

Cyprus

Sweden

Number of persons employed

Evolution of employment and turnover during the 1999-2008 period (1999= 100)*

Turnover

* Data exclude the following countries: Estonia, Ireland, Greece, France, Luxembourg, Malta, the United Kingdom. France and the United Kingdom have been excluded because information on employment exclude the following countries: Estonia, Ireland, Greece, France, Luxembourg, Malta, the United Kingdom. France and the United Kingdom have been excluded because information on employment exclude the following countries: Estonia, Ireland, Greece, France, Luxembourg, Malta, the United Kingdom. France and the United Kingdom have been excluded because information on employment relating to 2008 was not available; other countries have been excluded because there were too many missing data in the time series. For a few other countries, some missing information in the time series relating to 2008 was not available; other countries have been excluded because there were too many missing data in the time series. For a few other countries, some missing information in the time series relating to 2008 was not available; other countries have been excluded because there were too many missing data in the time series. For a few other countries, some missing information in the time series has been estimated.


52

The upstream activities : a tentative estimation

Employment in the upstream activities of the PTW market can be Employment in the upstream activities of the PTW market can be Employment in the upstream activities of the PTW market can be broadly estimated (as of 2007) at nearly 23 000 people, while turnover at broadly estimated (as of 2007) at nearly 23 000 people, while turnover at broadly estimated (as of 2007) at nearly 23 000 people, while turnover at nearly 2.5 billion euro. In relative terms, such values correspond to 2.4% nearly 2.5 billion euro. In relative terms, such values correspond to 2.4% nearly 2.5 billion euro. In relative terms, such values correspond to 2.4% of total employment of the manufacture of parts and accessories for of total employment of the manufacture of parts and accessories for of total employment of the manufacture of parts and accessories for motorcycles and their engines and for 1.2% of turnover.motorcycles and their engines and for 1.2% of turnover.

Across the Member States for which data can be calculated, Italy ranked Across the Member States for which data can be calculated, Italy ranked Across the Member States for which data can be calculated, Italy ranked by far on top of the scale: it recorded about 14 700 persons employed by far on top of the scale: it recorded about 14 700 persons employed by far on top of the scale: it recorded about 14 700 persons employed and a turnover of nearly 1.5 billion euro allocated to the manufacturing and a turnover of nearly 1.5 billion euro allocated to the manufacturing and a turnover of nearly 1.5 billion euro allocated to the manufacturing of motorcycles, which corresponded respectively to 8.4% and 17.9% of of motorcycles, which corresponded respectively to 8.4% and 17.9% of of motorcycles, which corresponded respectively to 8.4% and 17.9% of the entire sector “manufacturing of parts and accessories”.the entire sector “manufacturing of parts and accessories”.

Relatively high figures are also estimated for Spain: about 2 600 persons Relatively high figures are also estimated for Spain: about 2 600 persons employed and a turnover of 400 million euro. However, in this case employed and a turnover of 400 million euro. However, in this case the proportion of the sector “manufacturing of parts and accessories” the proportion of the sector “manufacturing of parts and accessories” allocated to the motorcycle market is much lower than in Italy (4% of allocated to the motorcycle market is much lower than in Italy (4% of employment and 2.7% of turnover).employment and 2.7% of turnover).

Other countries where the activities upstream to the PTW industry are Other countries where the activities upstream to the PTW industry are estimated to account for relatively high shares in total manufacturing estimated to account for relatively high shares in total manufacturing of parts and accessories are Portugal (8.8% of total employment, of parts and accessories are Portugal (8.8% of total employment, corresponding to around 1300 persons) and Austria (7.6%, 1000 corresponding to around 1300 persons) and Austria (7.6%, 1000 persons).

53

Manufacturing 2%Upstream 1%

Downstream 97%

Number of Companies

Total sector: 39,000 + enterprises− Manufacturing: 960 (including micro-businesses)anufacturing: 960 (including micro-businesses)− Upstream: 500− Downstream: 38,400

Manufacturing 21%

Upstream 7%

Downstream 72%

2008 Turnover (€ bn)

Total sector € billion 33.8− Manufacturing 7.0− Upstream 2.5− Downstream 24.3

EmploymentinthePTWsector

Manufacturing 16%

Upstream 14%

Downstream 70%

Total sector 152.000 jobs− Manufacturing 27.000− Upstream 23.000− Downstream 15.000

The European PTW sector : an overview


54

Internal Market and Competition - Evidence of unfair practices

Since 1992 EU legislation on the type-approval of two and three-Since 1992 EU legislation on the type-approval of two and three-wheeled motor vehicles regulates and harmonises the construction wheeled motor vehicles regulates and harmonises the construction standards of PTWs. This process achieved a reduction in the overall exstandards of PTWs. This process achieved a reduction in the overall ex-tent of type-approval testing, compared to compliance with previous tent of type-approval testing, compared to compliance with previous national regulations. national regulations.

Nonetheless the resultant EU Type-approval process remains complex Nonetheless the resultant EU Type-approval process remains complex and expensive. ACEM has observed cases where vehicles sold on the and expensive. ACEM has observed cases where vehicles sold on the EU market do not meet type-approval standards, showing that manuEU market do not meet type-approval standards, showing that manu-facturers or importers avoided compliance, deliberately or otherwise, in facturers or importers avoided compliance, deliberately or otherwise, in order to gain an unfair competitive advantage, thereby also posing a order to gain an unfair competitive advantage, thereby also posing a threat to the health and safety of users and citizens.threat to the health and safety of users and citizens.

Over a period of several years strong evidence has been gathered indi-cating that a concerning number of motorcycles, scooters and mopeds imported from manufacturers based in the Chinese Peoples Republic (CPR) do not comply with the standards required by the conformity of production obligations in Directive 2002/24/EC.

This practice poses a threat to consumers at risk of buying potentially unsafe products, to the environment and to manufacturers who must struggle with an unfair competition.

Non compliance with type-approval is used as an unfair cost reduction factor in addition to the enormous differential in labour costs between China and the EU.

The preparation of the new Framework Regulation creates an opporThe preparation of the new Framework Regulation creates an oppor-tunity to review the compliance arrangements, and recommendations tunity to review the compliance arrangements, and recommendations have been made for improvements. A failure to address these deficienhave been made for improvements. A failure to address these deficien-cies carries the risk that the type-approval process will be devalued, and cies carries the risk that the type-approval process will be devalued, and simply become a costly bureaucratic exercise burdening those willing simply become a costly bureaucratic exercise burdening those willing to “play by the rules”, and avoidable for those less scrupulous.to “play by the rules”, and avoidable for those less scrupulous.

ACEM defends the right of European and extra EU manufacturers to ACEM defends the right of European and extra EU manufacturers to ACEM defends the right of European and extra EU manufacturers to ACEM defends the right of European and extra EU manufacturers to compete in the EU market on a level, fair and mutually respected playcompete in the EU market on a level, fair and mutually respected playcompete in the EU market on a level, fair and mutually respected play-ing field.

Market surveillance authorities should not underestimate their role in Market surveillance authorities should not underestimate their role in Market surveillance authorities should not underestimate their role in contributing to maintain a level playing field. Control programmes of contributing to maintain a level playing field. Control programmes of contributing to maintain a level playing field. Control programmes of imported PTWs should be developed with adequate means enabling imported PTWs should be developed with adequate means enabling imported PTWs should be developed with adequate means enabling market surveillance authorities to perform efficient and systematic market surveillance authorities to perform efficient and systematic market surveillance authorities to perform efficient and systematic checks.

Evidence from the UKIn 2007 UK’s Department for Transport (DfT) carried out tests on 4 PTWs as part of its Type-approval compliance programme. All four motorcycles were manufactured in the Chinese People’s Republic by major CPR manufacturers.

The compliance project was carried out by the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) on behalf of DfT. Some 95 assessments were carried out and there were some 21 failures of compliance.

Evidence from ItalyPTWs imported from China that were randomly picked from the market and tested in 2009 failed to comply with EU Type Approval in several respects. Again, braking non compliances featured, 3 of which were potentially dangerous, and excessive CO emissions were evident, varying from 20% over the conformity of production limit, through 5 and 10 times the limit, to being outside the scale on the test equipment.

55

International Trade : A Strategic Priority

TheEuropeanPTWindustryfirmlysupportstheEUinitstradene-gotiation programme, and encourages international agreements that provide mutual benefits and shared rewards for the industry at home and for partners abroad.

Exports are key to sustaining jobs in the motorcycle sector. They conExports are key to sustaining jobs in the motorcycle sector. They con-tribute to promote Europe’s economy, and give the industry a standard-tribute to promote Europe’s economy, and give the industry a standard-tribute to promote Europe’s economy, and give the industry a standard-setting role in foreign markets.setting role in foreign markets.

The European PTW industry is in favour of trade agreements fostering The European PTW industry is in favour of trade agreements fostering The European PTW industry is in favour of trade agreements fostering innovation, growth and prosperity for the EU and for partner countries. innovation, growth and prosperity for the EU and for partner countries. However, in order to reinforce competitiveness, bi- and multi-lateral However, in order to reinforce competitiveness, bi- and multi-lateral trade agreements should be reciprocal, to compensate potentially negtrade agreements should be reciprocal, to compensate potentially neg-ative effects on EU employment levels.ative effects on EU employment levels.

Trade agreements must take into account the sustainability and long-Trade agreements must take into account the sustainability and long-term prosperity of European PTW manufacturers and their intrinsic naterm prosperity of European PTW manufacturers and their intrinsic na-ture consisting mainly of small and medium enterprises.ture consisting mainly of small and medium enterprises.

Trends

Over the last 10 years the value of extra EU imports of Powered two-Over the last 10 years the value of extra EU imports of Powered two-wheelers decreased by 19%, while the value of extra EU exports has wheelers decreased by 19%, while the value of extra EU exports has grown by 35%. While the impact of the financial and economic crisis is grown by 35%. While the impact of the financial and economic crisis is noticeable for 2009 and 2010, it did not modify the general trend.noticeable for 2009 and 2010, it did not modify the general trend.

These figures however fail to highlight the growth in the number of These figures however fail to highlight the growth in the number of These figures however fail to highlight the growth in the number of units imported into the EU, mainly from China, consisting of low cost units imported into the EU, mainly from China, consisting of low cost units imported into the EU, mainly from China, consisting of low cost and low quality products. and low quality products. and low quality products.

During the 2000 – 2010 period, the “historical” trade deficit of the extra During the 2000 – 2010 period, the “historical” trade deficit of the extra During the 2000 – 2010 period, the “historical” trade deficit of the extra EU PTW exchanges suffered from a significant drop of 36%.

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072000 2008 2009 2010

Imports

Exports

€ M

illio

n

International Trade

0

-500

-1,000

-1,500

-2,000

-2,500

-3,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072000 2008 2009 2010

€ M

illio

n

Trade Balance

Selected figures of PTW Asian markets: (million units 2010)• China 20+ • India 12.5• Indonesia 7.3 • Thailand 1.7 (2008)- Philippines 0.6 (2008)


56

3,000.000.000

2,500.000.000

2,000.000.000

1,500.000.000

1,000.000.000

500.000.000

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072000 2008 2009 2010

€ M

illio

n

Japan China USA Taiwan Thailand

Import Partners

6,000.000.000

5,000.000.000

4,000.000.000

3,000.000.000

2,000.000.000

1,000.000.000

0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072000 2008 2009 2010

€ M

illio

n

Japan Australia USA Vietnam Switzerland

Export Partners

Japan, China, the US, Taiwan and Thailand are still the main import partner countries. While over the 10-year period imports from US and Taiwan remained unchanged, imports from Thailand and moreover China benefited from a steadily growth. However, the imports from Japan suffered from a huge drop over this period with a -53% reduction.

The main export partner countries are the US, Switzerland, Japan, Australia and Vietnam. Exports to Switzerland and Japan were stable over the period, whilst the crisis mainly harmed the exports to the US. Australia and Vietnam both represent promising export partner countries. The exports to China remain very low (below 10 million €) due to unfair non-technical barriers to trade such as but not limited to motorcycle prohibition above a certain engine capacity, or registration quotas..

Market Access

About 80% of the worldwide PTW market is located in Asia which About 80% of the worldwide PTW market is located in Asia which obviously offers enormous potentials for the European PTW industry. obviously offers enormous potentials for the European PTW industry. However trade barriers prevent most of the high technology products to However trade barriers prevent most of the high technology products to be exported there.

As a way to circumvent tariff and other non-technical barriers the EU As a way to circumvent tariff and other non-technical barriers the EU motorcycle industry is investing and deploying manufacturing sites locally. motorcycle industry is investing and deploying manufacturing sites locally. China, India, and Thailand host subsidiaries of EU manufacturers. A similar China, India, and Thailand host subsidiaries of EU manufacturers. A similar situation is observed in South America and in Brazil in particular, where situation is observed in South America and in Brazil in particular, where the only way to penetrate the market is to establish a local presence.the only way to penetrate the market is to establish a local presence.

CurrentFTAnegotiations

The EU is currently engaged in a number of Free Trade Agreement The EU is currently engaged in a number of Free Trade Agreement negotiations. Some agreements have already been concluded, while negotiations. Some agreements have already been concluded, while others are still being discussed. European industry follows each of these others are still being discussed. European industry follows each of these negotiations with interest. negotiations with interest.

Competitiveness through Free Access to Extra-EU Markets

Most of the South-East Asian markets do not allow the imports of high engine capacity motorcycles by adopting barriers. South Korea provides a unique example: despite the signature of a bilateral trade agreement with the European Union, large motorcycles have no possibility of being marketed in this country.

57

HighPotentialofPTWExports

Asian and South American motorcycle markets represent a very significant sian and South American motorcycle markets represent a very significant growth potential, in terms of PTW sales. In the short term, 4-5 years, the growth potential, in terms of PTW sales. In the short term, 4-5 years, the value of ACEM manufacturers products could easily reach a balance value of ACEM manufacturers products could easily reach a balance should the aforementioned barriers be removed. This scenario could should the aforementioned barriers be removed. This scenario could easily lead to a positive exchange balance in terms of value in favour of easily lead to a positive exchange balance in terms of value in favour of the EU and, with the further expansion of distribution capabilities, exports the EU and, with the further expansion of distribution capabilities, exports could reach around one billion €.

Highway Bans

Korea, unlike other developed countries, prohibits all motorcycle traffic on its toll ways, major highways and designated bridges. Additionally, certain roads in Korea, including many new national roads, are sometimes designated “automobile-only”, thereby also prohibiting PTWs. There is no underlying rationale for imposing such motorcycle bans.

These bans severely limit the use of large displacement PTWs, whether for basic transportation or leisure touring, making them undesirable to the average Korean consumer.

Similar prohibitions exist in some other Asian countries, in particular in China, the first worldwide market for PTWs (in terms of units) as certain cities or districts limit PTW registrations, while others simply prohibit PTWs from circulating.

Tariffs and Taxes

In addition to a significant set of taxes (luxury tax, some form of VAT, registration tax, etc.), many countries maintain motorcycle tariffs. These duties and taxes raise the retail price of PTWs to levels far exceeding the means of most customers. In this respect, India with a market ranging in the area of 8 million PTWs, imposes a 100% tax, leading the group of countries with the highest import duties.

The removal of this extraordinary duty would establish a fair and balanced situation of the exchange terms between these countries and the European Union.

Selection of some of the highest motorcycle tariffs• India 100%• Vietnam 90%• Thailand 60%• Philippines 30%• Malaysia 30%• Brazil 20%• Argentina 20%

UN-ECE regulationsA short term introduction plan of all PTW related UN-ECE regulations in South-East Asian and South American countries would certainly result in a harmonized situation beneficial for manufacturers and consumers.


58

ACEM’s membership is composed by 13 manufacturers and 17 national ACEM’s membership is composed by 13 manufacturers and 17 national associations of 14 countries with business activities and interests in all the associations of 14 countries with business activities and interests in all the EU and beyond. In order to ensure its mission, the Association is structured EU and beyond. In order to ensure its mission, the Association is structured in Committees, each addressing a specific policy field. Where required in Committees, each addressing a specific policy field. Where required ACEM sets up task forces made up by experts pursuing specific goals. ACEM sets up task forces made up by experts pursuing specific goals.

5 Committees deal respectively with Legal Affairs, Road Safety, 5 Committees deal respectively with Legal Affairs, Road Safety, Environment, Market and Transport Policy, Electric Vehicles. A Environment, Market and Transport Policy, Electric Vehicles. A Coordinating Committee oversees the activity of the Committees.Coordinating Committee oversees the activity of the Committees.

ACEM permanently liaises with the European Institutions such as ACEM permanently liaises with the European Institutions such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and, through its members, the Council Economic and Social Committee and, through its members, the Council of Ministers. Technical matters related to PTWs are dealt by ACEM with the European Committee for Standardization.

As a member of IMMA, the International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association, ACEM is represented within UNECE, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and the International Transport Forum under the aegis of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development).

ACEM takes part in the Motorcycle Community, together with FEMA (Federation of European Motorcyclists’ Associations) and FIM (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme).

HOW DOES ACEM WORK?

ACEM is a member of the Forum for the Automobile and Society. The FAS is a forum bringing decision makers from the motor industry and motoring organisations together with key policymakers from major legislative institutions. The FAS acts as a place to exchange information and views and as a think tank for all those interested in automotive issues.

ACEM Organisational Chart:

Hendrik von Kuenheim, President(BMWMotorrad)

Stefan Pierer, Vice President (KTM)

Leo Francesco Mercanti, Vice President(Piaggio Group)

• Dietmar Krohm, Coordinating Committee (BMW Motorrad)

• Anna Wetcke, Legal Affairs Committee (BMW Motorrad)

• Pascal De Jonge, Road Safety Committee (Honda Motor Europe)

• Bob Mills, Environment Committee (Triumph)

• Craig Carey-Clinch, Market and Transport Policy Committee (MCIA)

• Régis Biguinet, Electric Vehicle Committee(Peugeot Scooters)

59

The Activity of ACEM’s Committees

A presentation by ACEM’s Coordinating Committee Chairman

Dietmar Krohm

“ProvidiNg A loNg terM PersPective for AN iNNovAovAov tive, cotive, cotive MPetitive ANd sustd sustAAd sustAd sustd sustAd sust iiNN-Able Powered-two-wheeler iwheeler iw NNdustry idustry iNeuroPe”

When we talk about motorcycles we face a When we talk about motorcycles we face a wide and ever-changing landscape of vehicle typologies. The motorcywide and ever-changing landscape of vehicle typologies. The motorcy-cle family is not limited to Powered Two-Wheelers neither to single track cle family is not limited to Powered Two-Wheelers neither to single track motorized vehicles. Today it includes scooters, tricycles, quadricycles motorized vehicles. Today it includes scooters, tricycles, quadricycles which are intended for specific usages and meet the expectations of a which are intended for specific usages and meet the expectations of a wide variety of customers.

Despite the proven flexibility of manufacturers to constantly answer Despite the proven flexibility of manufacturers to constantly answer the demand for new products, the intrinsic challenge tied to this imthe demand for new products, the intrinsic challenge tied to this im-mense variety of models and segments is to cope with this complexity. mense variety of models and segments is to cope with this complexity. Behind the image of an innovative and proactive industry, able to readBehind the image of an innovative and proactive industry, able to read-ily respond to the impact of an unprecedented economic crisis, lies a ily respond to the impact of an unprecedented economic crisis, lies a complex system which has to take into account seasonal changes of decomplex system which has to take into account seasonal changes of de-mand, low economies of scale, market fragmentation and intense command, low economies of scale, market fragmentation and intense com-petition from emerging markets especially in the low cost segments.petition from emerging markets especially in the low cost segments.

ACEM’s job is to convey this complexity by meticulously depicting the ACEM’s job is to convey this complexity by meticulously depicting the fairest and most accurate image of the industry without overloading fairest and most accurate image of the industry without overloading the communication channels. Within a comprehensive strategy aiming the communication channels. Within a comprehensive strategy aiming at carrying the PTW industry further toward a secure and prosperous at carrying the PTW industry further toward a secure and prosperous future, the task of the Coordinating Committee is to tackle this complexfuture, the task of the Coordinating Committee is to tackle this complex-ity supporting it with a sustainable vision and setting concrete goals.ity supporting it with a sustainable vision and setting concrete goals.

The structure of our association has changed to answer emerging chalThe structure of our association has changed to answer emerging chalThe structure of our association has changed to answer emerging chal-lenges and turn them into opportunities for the industry. ACEM created lenges and turn them into opportunities for the industry. ACEM created lenges and turn them into opportunities for the industry. ACEM created a working group whose task is to provide a long term perspective as a working group whose task is to provide a long term perspective as a working group whose task is to provide a long term perspective as regards to electric mobility, a field full of potential, albeit requiring a viregards to electric mobility, a field full of potential, albeit requiring a viregards to electric mobility, a field full of potential, albeit requiring a vi-sion able to see beyond the much paraded announcements. Furthersion able to see beyond the much paraded announcements. Furthersion able to see beyond the much paraded announcements. Further-more, positive developments in the urban mobility segment spurred a more, positive developments in the urban mobility segment spurred a more, positive developments in the urban mobility segment spurred a more, positive developments in the urban mobility segment spurred a merger of our committees dedicated respectively to market policy and merger of our committees dedicated respectively to market policy and merger of our committees dedicated respectively to market policy and integrated transport.

In the course of the past year and a half, since the beginning of the In the course of the past year and a half, since the beginning of the discussion in the European Parliament and Council of the long awaited discussion in the European Parliament and Council of the long awaited Regulation on L-category vehicles type-approval, we have experienced Regulation on L-category vehicles type-approval, we have experienced how such a complex message needs support, strong arguments but how such a complex message needs support, strong arguments but particularly persistence to be fully understood. Positive exchanges have particularly persistence to be fully understood. Positive exchanges have been going on and thanks to the engagement of ACEM, policy makers been going on and thanks to the engagement of ACEM, policy makers can base their decisions on the best knowledge of our sector ever availcan base their decisions on the best knowledge of our sector ever avail-able.

Today ACEM Members are at the forefront of a new paradigm of moToday ACEM Members are at the forefront of a new paradigm of mo-bility. Building on their experience and heritage ACEM Members are bility. Building on their experience and heritage ACEM Members are committed to set the highest standards for a sustainable and innovative committed to set the highest standards for a sustainable and innovative concept of motorcycling.


60

Market and Transport Policy Committee

Craig Carey Clinch

“ththt ANhANh ks to their sPAce sce sce A sA s viNg chAchAch rActeristics, Pcteristics, Pcteristics twswsw do Not suffer froM,M,M Nor creAor creAor cre te, cote, cote NgestioN “

The EC’s White paper on Transport raises many important questions about mobility

and the future of personal transport. The Motorcycle Industry is in and the future of personal transport. The Motorcycle Industry is in the ideal position to provide a meaningful contribution to the debate, the ideal position to provide a meaningful contribution to the debate, through highlighting the opportunities for society that the PTW offers.through highlighting the opportunities for society that the PTW offers.

PTWs provide a practical solution to the problems of traffic congestion, the lack of truly integrated transport policies and underdeveloped infrastructure (which prevents the proper maximisation of efficient personal mobility), plus aspects of economic growth and quality of life in Europe. This challenge is true especially for European cities where 80% of the population will live in 2020.

It is the car driver’s most agonizing everyday experience: the search for an empty parking place. Circling, narrowly missing a spot, outmanoeuvring other motorists to finally ease into a space. In cities, it is also a vexing traffic problem, with further impacts on society. Drivers cruising for parking spots generate 30% of all downtown congestion, according to several estimates. Research found that drivers looking for parking add considerably to the mileage needed just for the trip they made to reach their destination. PTWs offer easier access to city centres, and parking. While some European cities foresee dedicated parking places parking. While some European cities foresee dedicated parking places for motorcycles (more than 40,000 in Barcelona), other urban areas still for motorcycles (more than 40,000 in Barcelona), other urban areas still fail to take full advantage of this form of light mobility and should follow fail to take full advantage of this form of light mobility and should follow these good practices.these good practices.

Cities need efficient transport systems to support their economy and the Cities need efficient transport systems to support their economy and the Cities need efficient transport systems to support their economy and the Cities need efficient transport systems to support their economy and the welfare of their inhabitants. Around 85% of EU GDP is generated in cities. welfare of their inhabitants. Around 85% of EU GDP is generated in cities. welfare of their inhabitants. Around 85% of EU GDP is generated in cities. Urban areas face today the challenge of making transport sustainable Urban areas face today the challenge of making transport sustainable Urban areas face today the challenge of making transport sustainable in environmental (CO2, air pollution, noise) and competitiveness , air pollution, noise) and competitiveness , air pollution, noise) and competitiveness (congestion) terms while at the same time addressing social concerns.(congestion) terms while at the same time addressing social concerns.(congestion) terms while at the same time addressing social concerns.

Urban mobility is of growing concern to citizens. Nine out of ten EU Urban mobility is of growing concern to citizens. Nine out of ten EU Urban mobility is of growing concern to citizens. Nine out of ten EU citizens believe that the traffic situation in their area should be improved. citizens believe that the traffic situation in their area should be improved. citizens believe that the traffic situation in their area should be improved. The choices that people make in the way they travel affect not only The choices that people make in the way they travel affect not only The choices that people make in the way they travel affect not only future urban development but also the economic well-being of citizens future urban development but also the economic well-being of citizens future urban development but also the economic well-being of citizens and businesses. In recent years cities have experienced a boom in PTW and businesses. In recent years cities have experienced a boom in PTW and businesses. In recent years cities have experienced a boom in PTW use with increases of 87% for cities such as Rome and Barcelona.use with increases of 87% for cities such as Rome and Barcelona.

The EU market for PTWs has been particularly difficult since 2008; The EU market for PTWs has been particularly difficult since 2008; however the Motorcycle industry is in the ideal position to turn many however the Motorcycle industry is in the ideal position to turn many of these challenges into opportunities. With further optimisation of of these challenges into opportunities. With further optimisation of internal combustion engine and new propulsion technologies (hybrid, internal combustion engine and new propulsion technologies (hybrid, electric) already on the market and potentially constituting a significant electric) already on the market and potentially constituting a significant segment well ahead of automobiles, as well as with innovative vehicle segment well ahead of automobiles, as well as with innovative vehicle concepts, the Motorcycle industry could lead the way towards more concepts, the Motorcycle industry could lead the way towards more responsible vehicle usage in densely populated areas, to the benefit of responsible vehicle usage in densely populated areas, to the benefit of society as a whole.

However, this will rely on a regulatory and public policy framework which However, this will rely on a regulatory and public policy framework which both recognises the role of PTWs in transport and supports industry both recognises the role of PTWs in transport and supports industry through ensuring a level playing field with other transport modes in EU through ensuring a level playing field with other transport modes in EU regulation and public policy. There is also a need for any legislation to be regulation and public policy. There is also a need for any legislation to be properly thought through and supported by independent background properly thought through and supported by independent background research - something which has not often been the case.research - something which has not often been the case.

61

Road Safety Committee

Pascal De Jonge

“sA“sA“ fety is oNe of the toP Priorities for the Powered two-wheeler iwheeler iw Ndustry”

ACEM members discuss and develop within the Safety Committee industry positions and the Safety Committee industry positions and proposals on all safety and vehicle construcproposals on all safety and vehicle construc-tion related type-approval issues, whether tion related type-approval issues, whether

they are to be introduced in the European Union or at international they are to be introduced in the European Union or at international they are to be introduced in the European Union or at international level (UNECE). Currently, ACEM’s Safety Committee is deeply involved in level (UNECE). Currently, ACEM’s Safety Committee is deeply involved in working with stakeholders on the future EU PTW Regulation, aimed at working with stakeholders on the future EU PTW Regulation, aimed at simplifying motorcycle technical legislation and introducing new safety simplifying motorcycle technical legislation and introducing new safety requirements. This new Regulation is expected to be implemented from requirements. This new Regulation is expected to be implemented from around 2014.

ACEM’s “Brake Commitment”, proposing a 75% target of motorcycles ACEM’s “Brake Commitment”, proposing a 75% target of motorcycles to be equipped with advanced braking systems by 2015, is one of the to be equipped with advanced braking systems by 2015, is one of the measures developed with the contribution of this working group.measures developed with the contribution of this working group.

In addition to monitoring and reviewing ongoing European projects In addition to monitoring and reviewing ongoing European projects that aim to improve the safety situation for motorcyclists, the Safety that aim to improve the safety situation for motorcyclists, the Safety Committee, together with the ACEM Safety Coordinator, is in charge of Committee, together with the ACEM Safety Coordinator, is in charge of overseeing ACEM’s involvement in some of these projects. One of the overseeing ACEM’s involvement in some of these projects. One of the overseeing ACEM’s involvement in some of these projects. One of the most prominent projects in which ACEM was involved in, was eSum, most prominent projects in which ACEM was involved in, was eSum, most prominent projects in which ACEM was involved in, was eSum, identifying, developing and demonstrating measures designed to deidentifying, developing and demonstrating measures designed to deidentifying, developing and demonstrating measures designed to de-liver safer urban motorcycling.

The Road Safety Committee, in close cooperation with the relevant auThe Road Safety Committee, in close cooperation with the relevant auThe Road Safety Committee, in close cooperation with the relevant auThe Road Safety Committee, in close cooperation with the relevant au-thorities, also supervises and develops the safety initiatives that the PTW thorities, also supervises and develops the safety initiatives that the PTW thorities, also supervises and develops the safety initiatives that the PTW industry have collectively engaged in, such as creating a mandatory industry have collectively engaged in, such as creating a mandatory industry have collectively engaged in, such as creating a mandatory scheme for periodical roadworthiness inspection for PTWs, developing scheme for periodical roadworthiness inspection for PTWs, developing scheme for periodical roadworthiness inspection for PTWs, developing a European standard with safety requirements for non type-approved a European standard with safety requirements for non type-approved motorcycles used on private terrain, etc.


62

Environment Committee

Bob Mills

“PlAyiyiy Ng our PArt iN reduciNg eMissioNs”

The ACEM Environment Committee focuses on a wide-range of subjects relevant to the PTW industry. Members come from both manufacturers and national associations, bringing together a wide range of expertise,

knowledge and experience. knowledge and experience.

The mission of the committee is to develop the industry’s environmenThe mission of the committee is to develop the industry’s environmen-tal policy, with the overall objective of reducing the environmental imtal policy, with the overall objective of reducing the environmental im-pact of products and processes. To this end, and throughout 2011, the committee has worked on practical and effective solutions to emissions issues raised in the European Commission’s proposal COM(2010) 542. We have brought a wealth of experience and knowledge to the subjects as a willing and constructive partner to the regulators. As part of this, fully detailed proposals have been made on emissions durability, evapo-rative emissions controls and on board diagnostics. Other contributions include input on energy consumption for traditional, hybrid and pure electric vehicles, CO2 measurement and, in the name of harmonisation, our knowledge of international regulation from all over the world.

Other significant work items have included participation in the comple-tion of a revised ECE R41 noise regulation and the preparatory work for other PTW noise regulations in the Geneva forum.

Electric Vehicle Committee

Régis Biguinet

“AceMM le leA leA le ds the wAds the wAds the w y iy iy N the the develo develo the develo the the develo the PMeNt of PrereMMiuM electric vehicles” vehicles” electric vehicles” electric

Electric vehicles will more and more beElectric vehicles will more and more beElectric vehicles will more and more be-come a common sight in Europe’s cities due come a common sight in Europe’s cities due come a common sight in Europe’s cities due to growing mobility needs and congestion to growing mobility needs and congestion to growing mobility needs and congestion challenges. This trend has been stressed by challenges. This trend has been stressed by challenges. This trend has been stressed by

the European Commission in its White Paper on Transport, but registhe European Commission in its White Paper on Transport, but registhe European Commission in its White Paper on Transport, but regis-tration statistics clearly show that the new e-PTW segment is already a tration statistics clearly show that the new e-PTW segment is already a tration statistics clearly show that the new e-PTW segment is already a reality.

ACEM Members are leading this process. In 2011 they created a new ACEM Members are leading this process. In 2011 they created a new committee specifically devoted to develop a common sustainable stratcommittee specifically devoted to develop a common sustainable strat-egy for the deployment of electric PTWs, as part of a comprehensive egy for the deployment of electric PTWs, as part of a comprehensive long term vision for the sector.

The main objective if this Electric Vehicle Committee is to support the The main objective if this Electric Vehicle Committee is to support the development of premium, safe electrical L-category vehicles as dependdevelopment of premium, safe electrical L-category vehicles as depend-able and environmentally friendly vehicles throughout their lifecycle.able and environmentally friendly vehicles throughout their lifecycle.

ACEM seeks to establish an international regulatory framework aiming ACEM seeks to establish an international regulatory framework aiming at facilitating the roll-out of electric PTWs. The priority lies in harmonisat facilitating the roll-out of electric PTWs. The priority lies in harmonis-ing connectors and charging modes to make the European EV market ing connectors and charging modes to make the European EV market unique and e-PTWs displacements free through Europe. Standardisaunique and e-PTWs displacements free through Europe. Standardisa-tion of qualification methods are strongly supported before regulation tion of qualification methods are strongly supported before regulation and standardisation organisations at UN, EU and member states level. and standardisation organisations at UN, EU and member states level. ACEM will also provide customers with ample information on EV speciACEM will also provide customers with ample information on EV speci-fications in order to help them in their choice.fications in order to help them in their choice.

To safeguard the potential of this promising segment, the jobs related to To safeguard the potential of this promising segment, the jobs related to To safeguard the potential of this promising segment, the jobs related to it and its contribution to society, ACEM is in the process of developing it and its contribution to society, ACEM is in the process of developing it and its contribution to society, ACEM is in the process of developing an industry commitment seeking to promote superior quality electric an industry commitment seeking to promote superior quality electric an industry commitment seeking to promote superior quality electric vehicles manufactured in Europe.vehicles manufactured in Europe.

63

LegalAffairsCommittee

Anna Wetcke

“ProtectiNg the legitiMAte use of brANbrANbr dsANd ProvidiNg legAlegAleg l couNsel”sel”sel

Fair and transparent competition is one of the fundamental principles on which the the fundamental principles on which the European Union is built. This is why so many European Union is built. This is why so many efforts are devoted to securing an open and efforts are devoted to securing an open and

equal market for everyone. equal market for everyone.

ACEM’s Legal Affairs Committee provides counseling to the PTW indusACEM’s Legal Affairs Committee provides counseling to the PTW indus-try on specific questions and issues related to legal and regulatory istry on specific questions and issues related to legal and regulatory is-sues. The Committee provides objective information on the numerous sues. The Committee provides objective information on the numerous legal aspects relevant to the PTW Industry and has engaged itself in legal aspects relevant to the PTW Industry and has engaged itself in monitoring legal subjects related to the transport and enterprise secmonitoring legal subjects related to the transport and enterprise sec-tors. It collects and provides relevant legal information to the members tors. It collects and provides relevant legal information to the members of ACEM in cooperation with the other ACEM Committees.of ACEM in cooperation with the other ACEM Committees.

Drawing on its experience ACEM is able to design solid and legally sound Drawing on its experience ACEM is able to design solid and legally sound strategies in defending the position of the industry in the decision makstrategies in defending the position of the industry in the decision mak-ing process. Decisions of the Coordinating Committee containing legal ing process. Decisions of the Coordinating Committee containing legal aspects as well as modifications to the ACEM statutes are prepared by aspects as well as modifications to the ACEM statutes are prepared by the members of the Legal Affairs Committee. the members of the Legal Affairs Committee.

The Committee also works to protect the legitimate use of brands and The Committee also works to protect the legitimate use of brands and The Committee also works to protect the legitimate use of brands and fosters the enforcement of intellectual property laws.fosters the enforcement of intellectual property laws.fosters the enforcement of intellectual property laws.

The Legal Affairs Committee is made up of lawyers and other specialists The Legal Affairs Committee is made up of lawyers and other specialists The Legal Affairs Committee is made up of lawyers and other specialists enabling ACEM to have a permanent input from the daily business and enabling ACEM to have a permanent input from the daily business and enabling ACEM to have a permanent input from the daily business and priorities of the industry. Thereby ACEM has access to a wealth of experpriorities of the industry. Thereby ACEM has access to a wealth of experpriorities of the industry. Thereby ACEM has access to a wealth of exper-tise and applied legal experience.tise and applied legal experience.tise and applied legal experience.

The subjects the Legal Affairs Committee currently deals with include The subjects the Legal Affairs Committee currently deals with include The subjects the Legal Affairs Committee currently deals with include the new Block Exemption Regulation on Vertical Restraints and the the new Block Exemption Regulation on Vertical Restraints and the the new Block Exemption Regulation on Vertical Restraints and the Regulation on Approval and Market Surveillance for L-category vehicles.Regulation on Approval and Market Surveillance for L-category vehicles.Regulation on Approval and Market Surveillance for L-category vehicles.


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ACEM Secretariat

The office of ACEM is based in Brussels, where a staff of 7 persons work The office of ACEM is based in Brussels, where a staff of 7 persons work together to coordinate and implement all the activities of the network. together to coordinate and implement all the activities of the network. The ACEM office is responsible for supporting the various Committees The ACEM office is responsible for supporting the various Committees and Working Groups, for preparing meetings and conferences, and for and Working Groups, for preparing meetings and conferences, and for providing a range of information and other services to members.providing a range of information and other services to members.

Jacques CompagneSecretary General [email protected]

Antonio PerlotPublic Affairs [email protected]

Filippo SegatoCommunications Officer [email protected]

Veneta VassilevaVeneta VassilevaSafety Coordinator Safety Coordinator [email protected]

Adedoyin AdedipeAdedoyin AdedipeMarketing Database Operator Marketing Database Operator [email protected]

Rita SterckxRita SterckxFinancial & Administrative Manager Financial & Administrative Manager [email protected]

Hélène TemmermanAssistant [email protected]

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Association des Constructeurs Européens de Motocycles

Avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée, 1

1040 Brussels

BELGIUM

Phone : +32 (0)2 230 97 32

Fax : +32 (0)2 230 16 83

Website : www.acem.eu

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Documents

ACEM REPORT 2012