30
Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Hongkai Xiong Institute of Media, Information and Network Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R.China Autumn, 2019 Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 1 / 30

Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    6

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics

Hongkai Xiong

Institute of Media, Information and NetworkShanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R.China

Autumn, 2019

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 1 / 30

Page 2: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Outline

1 Introduction

2 How to do research

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 2 / 30

Page 3: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

2 How to do research

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 3 / 30

Page 4: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Professor

Hongkai Xiong, Distinguished Professor

Office: 1-309, No.1, SEIEE Bld.

Email: [email protected]

Web-page: http://min.sjtu.edu.cn

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 4 / 30

Page 5: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Teaching Assistants

Ph.D Candidate: Mr. Mingxing Xu

Email: [email protected]

Office: 1-304, No.1, SEIEE Bld.

Ph.D Candidate: Mr. Ziyang Zheng

Email: [email protected]

Office: 1-307, No.1, SEIEE Bld.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 5 / 30

Page 6: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Outline

Contents:

Part I: Academic Writing and Norms

How to do research?What is Academic Writing?How to write a scientific paper?......

Part II: Engineering Ethics

Ethics and ProfessionalismCodes of Ethics and Moral FrameworkHonestyGlobal Issues......

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 6 / 30

Page 7: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Case 1: CRISPR rogue

Click CRISPR.mp4

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 7 / 30

Page 8: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Case 2: Face recognition is forbidden in some states ofAmerican

Click Face_recognition.mp4

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 8 / 30

Page 9: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Case 3: General Data Protection Regulartion (GDPR)

Click GDPR.mp4

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 9 / 30

Page 10: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

References

➢ How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper

—— Robert A. Day and Barbara Gastel, Seventh Edition

➢ Ethics in Engineering

—— Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Fourth Edition

➢ Concepts and Cases: Engineering Ethics

—— Charles E. Harris, etc. , Sixth Edition

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 10 / 30

Page 11: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

Introduction

Requirements and grading

Attendance (20%)

Quizzes (50%)

Final Project (Essay) (30%)

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 11 / 30

Page 12: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

2 How to do research

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 12 / 30

Page 13: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research

Some advices

Memorizing a theory does not mean mastering the theory. It isessential to thoroughly understand the underlying principles, the wayof thinking and the insights of the theory.

The cornerstone of researcher is cultivation of independent, critical,and creative thinking.

The key to success is keeping yourself motivated as well as passionand enthusiasm.

Insatiable curiosity is a driving force for doing excellent research.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 13 / 30

Page 14: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research

Skills required for research?

Reading: researchers spend more than half their time reading. Youcan learn a lot more quickly from other people’s work than from doingyour own.

Getting connected: it will help you have more time head start onworking with new ideas.

Learning other related fields: good research requires that you know alot about several related fields.

Writing: include writing papers and comments.

Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication withother researchers.

Emotional factors in research: Research is hard. It is very importantto know how to deal with failure, and have fun in the process.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 14 / 30

Page 15: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Reading

what to read?

Once you start doing research, reading is the first thing that you need todo. Here are some tips for choosing reading materials:

Bibliographies are very useful: for example, the syllabi of the graduatecourses. The reading lists for the related exams at other universities,such as Stanford and MIT.

If you are interested in a specific subfield, go to a senior grad studentin that subfield and ask him what are the ten most important papers.

There’s a whole bunch of journals for each fields, and you couldspend all your time reading them. Take AI for example, main journalsare Artificial Intelligence,Computational Intelligence, CognitiveScience, Machine Learning, IEEE Pattern Recognition and MachineIntelligence,International Journal of Computer Vision(IJCV).

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 15 / 30

Page 16: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Reading

How to read?

Reading papers is a skill that takes practice. You can’t afford to read in fullall the papers that come to you. There are three phases to reading one:

Find anything of interest in it. Papers have abstracts, which aresupposed to tell you what’s in them. The table of contents,conclusion section, and introduction are good places to look.

Find the part of the paper that has the good stuff. you need to lookfor the page that has the exciting stuff. Often this is hiddensomewhere unlikely.

Read with a question in mind. ”How can I use this?” ”Does thisreally do what the author claims?” ”What if...?” Understanding whatresult has been presented is not the same as understanding the paper.

Note that it’s a good idea to tie your reading and programming together

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 16 / 30

Page 17: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Getting connected

Secret Paper Passing Network

Here’s how it works. Jo Cool gets a good idea. She writes a draft paperabout it. She wants to know whether the idea is any good, so she sendscopies to ten friends and asks them for comments on it. They think it’scool, so as well as telling Jo what’s wrong with it, they lend copies to theirfriends. Their friends lend copies to their friends, and so on. Jo revises itand sends it to AAAI. Six months later, it first appears in print, and thenshe writes a longer revised version and sends it to the AI Journal. AIJ hasalmost two years turn-around time, what with reviews and revisions andpublication delay, so Jo’s idea finally appears in a journal form three yearsafter she had it-and almost that long after the cool people first found outabout it.So advanced researchers hardly ever learn about their subfield frompublished journal articles as they are too late.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 17 / 30

Page 18: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Getting connected

How to get connected with others?

Here are some heuristics for getting connected:

Talk about an idea with someone who knows the field, they are likelyto give you a suggestion about something to read that will probablybe relevant.

The lab has a number of on-going informal paper discussion groupson various subfields. These meet every week or two to discuss a paperthat everyone has read

When you finish a paper, send copies to everyone you think might beinterested.

When a paper cites something that looks interesting, make a note ofit. Keep a log of interesting references.

Interact more with outsiders -giving demos or going to conferences.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 18 / 30

Page 19: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Learn Related Fields

Why learn more fields?

Other fields give you new tools for thinking and new ways of lookingat your problems.

Some fields (e.g. AI) does not have its own standards of researchexcellence, but has borrowed from other fields. Mathematics takestheorems as progress; engineering asks whether an object worksreliably; psychology demands repeatable experiments; philosophyrigorous arguments; and so forth.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 19 / 30

Page 20: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Learn Related Fields

How to learn a new field?

Here are some ways to learn about a field you don’t know much about:

Take a graduate course. This is solidest, but is often not an efficientway to go about it.

Read a textbook. Not a bad approach, but textbooks are usually outof date, and generally have a high ratio of words to content.

Find out what the best journal in the field is, maybe by talking tosomeone who knows about it.

Find out who’s most famous in the field and read their books

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 20 / 30

Page 21: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Learn Related Fields

Subjects related to AI

Take AI for examples:

All the areas of computer science-theory, architectures, systems,languages, etc.-are relevant.

Mathematics is probably the next most important thing to know.Computer science is grounded in discrete mathematics: algebra,graph theory, and the like.

Cognitive psychology mostly shares a worldview with AI, butpractitioners have rather different goals and do experiments instead ofwriting programs.

Neuroscience tells us about human computational hardware.

Engineering, especially electrical engineering, has been taken as adomain by a lot of AI research

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 21 / 30

Page 22: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Writing

Learn to write

Anything worth doing is worth doing well.

Read books about how to write. Strunk and White’s Elements ofStyle gives the basic dos and don’ts.

When writing a paper, read books that are well-written, thinking inbackground mode about the syntactic mechanics.

Learning to write well requires doing a lot of it, over a period of years,and getting and taking seriously criticism of what you’ve written.

Know what you want to say. This is the hardest and most importantfactor in writing clearly.

Make it easy for the reader to find out what you’ve done.

Once you start working on a research project, it’s a good idea to get intothe habit of writing an informal paper explaining what you are up to andwhat you’ve learned every few months.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 22 / 30

Page 23: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Writing

Comments

There are a variety of sorts of comments. There are comments onpresentation and comments on content.

Comments on presentation vary in scope such as Copy-edits correcttypos, punctuation, misspellings, missing words, and so forth. Youcan also correct grammar, diction, verbosity, and muddied or unclearpassages. there are organizational comments: ideas out of order atvarious scales from clauses through sentences and paragraphs tosections and chapters; redundancy; irrelevant content; missingarguments.

Comments on content are harder to characterize. You may suggestextensions to the author’s ideas, things to think about, errors,potential problems, expressions of admiration.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 23 / 30

Page 24: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Writing

Write comments on papers

Moreover, learning to critique other people’s papers will help your ownwriting. Writing useful comments on a paper is an art.

To write really useful comments, you need to read the paper twice,once to get the ideas, and the second time to mark up thepresentation

Don’t write destructive criticism like ”garbage” on a paper. Thiscontributes.. nothing to the author. Take the time to provideconstructive suggestions.

If someone is making the same mistake over and over, don’t just markit over and over. Try to figure out what the pattern is, why theperson is doing it, and what they can do about it. Then explain thisexplicitly at length on the front page and/or in person.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 24 / 30

Page 25: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Writing

Getting your papers published

Here are some tips for preparing a paper:

Make sure it is readable. Papers are rejected because they areincomprehensible or ill-organized as often as because they don’t haveanything to say.

Read some back issues of the journal or conference you aresubmitting to to make sure that the style and content of your paperare appropriate to it.

Circulate drafts for a while before sending it in to the journal. Getand incorporate comments. Resist the temptation to hurry a resultinto publication;

Most publications have an ”information for authors,” a one pagesummary of what they want. Read it

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 25 / 30

Page 26: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Talks

Learn to give talks

An ability to stand in front of an audience and give a talk that doesn’tmake the audience fall asleep is crucial for success in terms of recognition,respect and eventually a job.Some ways to learn and practice speaking:

If your advisor’s students have regular research meetings, volunteer totalk about your stuff.

Since revising a talk is generally much easier than revising a paper,some people find that this is a good way to find the right way toexpress their ideas.

Practice the talk in an empty room, preferably the one in which youwill deliver it.

For a relatively formal talk-especially your Oral Exam-do a practicerun for half a dozen friends and have them critique it.

Watch the way other people give talks.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 26 / 30

Page 27: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Talks

Some tips for talks

Some key things to remember in planning and delivering a talk:

You can only present one ”idea” or ”theme” in a talk. In a 20 minuteor shorter talk the idea must be crystal clear and cannot havecomplicated associated baggage. In a 30 or 45 minute talk the ideacan require some buildup or background. In an hour talk the idea canbe presented in context, and some of the uglies can be revealed.

Don’t try to cram everything you know into a talk. You need totouch.on just the high points of your ideas, leaving out the details

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 27 / 30

Page 28: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Emotional Factors in Research

Emotional Factors

Forewarned is forearmed: mostly it’s useful to know that the particularsorts of tragedies, aggravations, depressions and triumphs you go throughin research are necessary parts of the process,

All research involves risk. If your project can’t fail, it’s development,not research.

The few people in the field who seem to consistently succeed, turningout papers year after year, in fact fail as often as anyone else.

As you work through your career, you’ll accumulate a lot of failures.But each represents a lot of work you did on various subtasks of theoverall project.

Research always takes much, much longer than it seems it ought to.

Crucial to success is making your research part of your everyday life.

You can get a lot more work done by regularly setting short andmedium term goals, weekly and monthly for instance.

You’ll get completely stuck sometimes.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 28 / 30

Page 29: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Emotional Factors in Research

Tips

Setting your sights too high leads to paralysis. Work on a subproblemto get back into the flow

You can get into a positive feedback loop in which doubts about yourability to do the work eat away at your enthusiasm so that in fact youcan’t get anything done. Realize that research ability is a learnedskill, not innate genius.

Fear of failure can make work hard.

If you find yourself seriously stuck, with nothing at all happening for aweek or more, promise to work one hour a day. After a few days ofthat, you’ll probably find yourself back in the flow.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 29 / 30

Page 30: Academic Writing, Norms and Ethicsmin.sjtu.edu.cn/courses/Academic/lesson0.pdf · Writing: include writing papers and comments. Giving research talks: it is an important form of communication

���������� �����

��������������� ������ ���

���� ����� !" #�$ ��� %$&'(!�)(�*� %��+'� ,!)(-()(�� ,&�$)

,&�$)./01 2�� �33 % �45.6�$7�.+�+� .8��.�!!�+)�9.&:.;<<<=>?@[email protected]@.FGHI>@ICDBA5J�)��).1�8� #�*)�!)KLMNONPNQ.RS.TQUOVWKLSRXYVNORLW.VLU.ZQN[RX\ ]� ̂

_�'!���.)�.0*�)()$)�.�4./�9(�̀.0*4� ��)(�*̀.�*9.1�)8� abc(d*�'.% �!���(*d.e �$+1�)8� a.#���$*(!�)(�*.e �$+#��+$)� .f(�(�*.e �$+

How to do research Emotional Factors in Research

Reasons for research

There’s at least two emotional reasons of research.

One is a drive, a passion for the problems. You do the work becauseyou could not live any other way. Much of the best research is donethat way. It has severe burn-out potential, though.

The other reason is that good research is fun. It’s a pain a lot of thetime, but if a problem is right for you, you can approach it as play,enjoying the process.

Pro.f Xiong (M.I.N, SJTU) Academic Writing, Norms and Ethics Autumn, 2019 30 / 30