Year 2001

New Evidence Concerning Fatal Crashes Of

Passenger Vehicles Before And After Adding

Antilock Braking Systems

LEONARD EVANS and PETER H. GERRISH

Statistics of both the cars with anti-lock braking system and without anti-lock braking

system shown vas t differences in the sense of passenger’s security. Be it a van or a

car, the fatal crash rates for the passengers in the cars year before anti-lock brake

system as compared with the ones having anti-lock brake system shown that these

crashes are more fatal to the occupants of their own vehicle than the occupants of

other vehicle.

But with improved study in 1996-98 shown different results and came off the view

that the vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking system are less involved in the fatal

crashes of other vehicles.

These stats show a vast difference in pre-ABS and post-ABS vehicles. Such as pre

were more likely to be involved in fatal crashes than the post ones.

Year 2002

The effectiveness of antilock braking systems

in reducing accidents in Great Britain

Jeremy Broughton, Chris Baughan

Main purpose of ABS system is to provide the driver with more and more control

over the vehicles under drastic situations such as steering while applying brakes.

Two different groups, one from the pre-ABS era and the others who experienced it

were called for the collection of statistics and the purpose was to create and

unbiased study on the effectiveness of ABS system.

People having the experience of ABS systems were asked to give their experience

about any situation of accidents they got involved in. No doubt, ABS system shown

clear advantages in the prevention of accidents more as compared to Non-ABS

vehicles.

Study also shown that the system needs to be acknowledged first as the persons

above normal age shown no difference whether they are on ABS system or the

previous one. Same was the case with women. It were the young only who shown

the effectiveness of the system as well as prevention of accidents using this ABS.

The antilock braking system anomaly:

a drinking driver problem?

David W. Harless, George E. Hoffer

Anti-lock brake system mainly focuses on the security of the driver as maneuvering

the vehicle under drastic conditions becomes easier. This paper focuses on the

drinking-drivers using ABS system and the study has shown interesting results.

Drinker-drivers have shown that they are less benefitted with this ABS system than

the sober ones. Study shown that the risk-ratio of the drivers in the post-ABS

increased to 64% as compared to previous versions. Also this system had effect on

decreasing the risk-ratio for sober drivers to 11%.

Moreover study on different models of cars shown that with the latest versions, the

risk-ratio for drivers also went down but later on it was thought that instead of the

calendar year it is the service period that effects.

Cars having service period of three to four years shown lesser risk-ration and the fact

was either the drivers learned the system or may be the ratio of non-serious drivers

went down because of accidents.

Also this paper suggests in introducing the ABS system keeping in view the drinker

drivers, and one important factor is response factor.

Year 2003

Influences Of Braking System Faults

On Vehicle Dynamics

H. Straky, M. Kochem, J. Schmitt, R. Isermann

Braking system can be termed as one of the most important part of the vehicle,

considering the passenger safety. As what matters most is the application of brakes

in required time.

Studies have shown that most of the accidents occur when drivers lose control over

brakes or they just don’t know how to use the brake system equipped in their car.

This largely effects the vehicle dynamics and is explained in this paper.

The model of the vehicle dynamics together with the real hydraulic brake system

have shown that small faults like brake-fluid loss (leakage) or air-blisters in the

hydraulic subsystem of the brake system have a negligible effect on the vehicle

dynamics, comparable to the effects of changes in road surfaces or a small shifting of

the center-of-gravity of the vehicle.

Sometimes these small parts failure cause brake system to fail which results in car

crash and is somehow hard to avoid.

Simulated and Experimental Study Of

Hydraulic Anti-Lock Braking System

Using Sliding-Mode PWM Control

Ming-chin Wu, Ming-chang Shih This paper deals about the testing involving both stimulated and experimental study.

Controllers used involve pulse width modulation and switching control. Emergency

braking controlled by a standard commercial electric control unit is also performed

on the dynamic test stand and compared with the results of the designed systems.

Though ABS system is non-linear and varies with respect to time but when compared

with the mathematical model, it shows the same result as the experimental one.

Study has the following conclusions:

Elective regulation of wheel slip during emergency braking can be achieved by

implementation of sliding-mode control.

Elimination of chattering can be achieved by application of pulse width

modulation

Year 2004

No Data Found

Year 2005

Implementation-Aware Embedded Control

Systems

Karl-Erik A, Anton Cervin, and Dan Henriksson

The braking dynamics of a two wheel vehicle model on an incline are considered

using techniques from nonlinear dynamics. The model is planar and incorporates the

coupled dynamics of two independently braked wheels and the vehicle body, and

takes into account the slip dynamics of each wheel. From the wheel slip values and

the vehicle speed as dynamics state, it is shown that the behavior of the system can

be completely captured by studying a relatively simple phase plane problem

described.

Evaluation of Control Performance of Multi-stage Fuzzy

Reasoning in Anti-lock Braking System for Railways Using

Fuzzy Reasoning

Tetsuya Asanome ,Toshiaki Nonaka, Yasunori Endo, Shin-

ichi Nakazawa, and Hiroshi Yoshikawa

ABS system for railways is one of the way minimizing the risk for railways. ABS for

railways has already been put in practical use. This research work, a new type of ABS

that uses one stage fuzzy reasoning and compare the control performances of the

proposed ABS with the present ABS.

The paper discussed how to find the action of valves in the second stage of multi-

stage fuzzy reasoning of the present ABS. The proposed ABS shortens the braking

distance and reduces the wheel damage.

A siliding mode scheme for optimal

Braking and Estimation of Road/Tyre

Friction

N.Patel, C. Edwards and S.K. Spurgeon

There is always a research going on to incease the safety measures for driving. A

large number of control systems have been developed to improve safety and

handling of the vehicle. The credibility of these controllers depend upon the precise

level of the information about the real-time behavior of the vehicle. Recently a

method has been proposed by Drakunov about sliding mode controller.

The idea proposed is this paper is model based and seeks to mantain the longitudnal

slip value associated with the tyre road contact patch at an optimum value.

Year 2006

Driver-training and emergency brake performance in

cars with antilock braking systems

Andrew Petersen, Rod Barrett , Steven Morrison

A research was conducted in 2006 to evaluate the brake performance of drivers after

and before two day training programs. These vehicles were equipped with antilock

braking systems. The drivers were trained for braking techniques that was applicable

to cars with and without antilock braking systems. The speed parameters were 80 to

100 kmh-1. All drivers took part in emergency brake tests in an ABS equipped car

before and after the training. The drivers who took the training had a improved

braking performance. They had smoother braking profile, better body position and

stability, and they were less dependent on ABS activation.

The techniques taught during the test improved the driver efficiency. New cars are

equipped with ABS. But for the cars without ABS, drivers after training showed a

acceptable performance.

Year 2007

No Data Found

Year 2008

Designing a sliding mode controller for slip control

of antilock brake systems

A. Harifi, A. Aghagolzadeh, G. Alizadeh, M. Sadeghi

Antilock braking system has been designed to attain maximum negative acceleration

by preventing wheels from locking. It has been proved that friction between tire and

road is a nonlinear function of wheel slip. Therefore, to achieve maximum negative

acceleration, a control system can be designed for wheel slip regulation at its

optimum value. Due to the nonlinearity of parameters and uncertainty in mass and

center of gravity of the vehicle and road condition, a robust control is required. In

this paper, a sliding mode controller for wheel slip has been designed based on a two

axle vehicle model. The parameters for vehicle dynamics include two separated

brake torques for front and rear wheels and longitudinal weight transfer due to the

acceleration and deceleration. In this research the design of the primary controller

has been improved.

The proposed method presents a sliding mode control method to regulate slips in the

front and rear wheel

under specified bounds of uncertainty which utilizes integral switching surface in

chattering reduction that

proves thriving. In addition, the efficiency of the method surpasses the advantages of

the fuzzy controller.

Year 2009

Adaptive feedback linearization control of

antilock braking systems using neural networks

Amir Poursamad

ABS systems maximize the braking force and steeriblity is mantained by controlling

the wheel slip. Two major problems encountered during control of ABS system are

nonlinear braking dynamics and uncertain nature of the parameters. This research is

about an adaptive neural network based hybrid controller for antilock braking

systems. The hybrid controller is based upon feedback linearization, combined with

two feedforward neural networks that are proposed so as to learn to nonlinearities

of the antilock braking system associated with feedback linearization controller.

The neural networks are tuned online to estimate the associated nonlinearities.The

simulation reveal that the proposed controller can achieve desirable performance

under transition between various road conditions.

Comparison between braking and steering yaw moment

controllers considering ABS control aspects

Jeonghoon Song , Woo Seong Che

This research discusses the improvement of the two yaw motion control systems, a

braking yaw motion controller (BYMC) and steering yaw motion controller (SYMC). A

BYMC controls the braking pressure of the rear inner wheel, while a SYMC steers the

rear wheels to allow the yaw rate to track the reference yaw rate. A 15 degree-of-

freedom vehicle model, simplified steering system model, are driver model are usd

to evaluate the proposed BYMC and SYMC. An antilock braking system controller is

also designed and developed. BYMC and SYMC reduce the slip angle when braking

and steering input are applied simultaneously, thereby increasing the controllability

and stability of the vehicle on the slippery roads.

Year 2010

Genetic fuzzy self-tuning PID controllers for

antilock braking systems

Abdel Badie Sharkawy

Since the introduction of PID controllers, more sophisticated versions of these

systems are being developed to achieve better performance. ABS system is greatly

affected by variations in weight, friction between the road, road inclination and

other nonlinear dynamics may highly affect the performance of antilock braking

system. A controller that is self tuned is required for that. This research develops a

self-tuning PIC control scheme with an application to ABS via combination of fuzzy

and genetic algorithms. The goal is to minimize the stop distances and keeping the

slip ratio of the tires within desired ranger.

This paper uses three decoupled modules, one for each PID parameters. Each

module is two-input noe-output fuzzy system. The performance has been verified

using the ABS.The robustness against road friction has been considered.

Genetic fuzzy self-tuning PID controllers for antilock braking

systems In situations where providing a control action to even a minimal degree of

satisfaction is a problem. Variations in nonlinear dynamics may highly affect the performance of antilock braking systems (ABS). The objective is to minimize the stopping distance, while keeping the slip ratio of the tires within desired range.

A fuzzy self-tuning scheme utilizes three decoupled modules. Road friction characteristics has been considered. The goal is to keep the slip ratio to an assigned value (0.2) despite road friction characteristics. The proposed control scheme can be followed for linear and nonlinear systems. It has the ability to switch on/off any of the control actions. It is used for drift..

A novel method for non-linear control of wheel slip in anti-lock braking

systems Anti-lock braking system (ABS) provides active safety for vehicles during braking by regulation of the wheel slip at its optimum value. In this paper increased robustness designed for ABS. Braking torque control law is developed for ABS. To increase the robustness of the controller, the integral feedback technique is applied. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with that of a sliding mode controller simulations of braking on dry and slippery roads.

In this research, a new controller is developed for ABS by the response prediction of a continuous non-linear vehicle dynamics model. To increase the robustness of the controller, the integral feedback technique is appended to the design method. It concludes that proposed controller proves to be better than a sliding controller anti-lock braking systems

Research on the Coordination Control of Vehicle EPS

and ABS

It is based on the dynamic model of Electric Power Steering System(EPS) and Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and the coordination controller are respectively designed according to the motion coupling relation between the steering system and the braking system. The simulation under Matlab and on LabVIEW have tested and verified the vehicle maneuverability and braking performance. The results show that the coordination control improved the performance of vehicle.

The results show that, coordination control effectively improves the comprehensive performance of vehicle. This test solves various problems in the control systems of vehicle. These tests are used in the research and development of electrical control system of vehicle.

Year 2011

Engineering practice and the making of anti-lock brakes

Brake. Skid. Stutter. Stop. Driving on a wet or icy road, stopping a car in the early 21st century often follows this pattern. In Johnson’s work thoughtout exploration of the processes of engineering research and design. The cars and trucks will lose control when attempting to stop on slick surfaces was one of the features of the early automobile age. First it was based on driver skills that how he applies the break accordingly. This antilock breaking system was not only applied by automotive research, but bye efforts to make the airplane landing safe. But Johnson’s remarks on this serve to remind us that all engineering systems, no matter how clever and complex, are ultimately human systems as well.