A GLOSSARY OF COMMON ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSencountered in Civil Aviation

Perhaps more than any other industry, the aviation industry has developed a language of acronymsand abbreviations, each with a precise meaning. This glossary, prepared by uVe Aviation, lists themeanings of twelve hundred or so selected examples from all aspects of aviation. Many more specialacronyms exist; e.g., see the EATMP glossary at www.eurocontrol.int/eatmp/glossary/index.html.Where appropriate, relevant web-site addresses appear alongside entries.

Most people cannot be expected to know the meaning of all the acronyms in regular use. Users shouldtherefore ensure that the meanings of acronyms they intend to use are made clear. This is usuallydone by defining each acronym when it first appears in text or in speech.

Our industry is constantly developing; therefore this glossary can never be complete, let alonecompletely up-to-date. Moreover, in spite of careful checking, errors are bound to occur in such anextensive document. Readers are therefore requested to notify any error or omission that comes totheir notice, or any incorrect web-site addresses, to the compilers at info@uve-aviation.com.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Acronym Full NameA/B AutobrakeA/C, a/c AircraftA/D AerodromeA/D Analogue to DigitalA/EREC Auto ErectionA/FEATH Auto Feather UnitA/G Air/Ground Communication StationA/L AutolandA/N AlphanumericA/P AirportA/T AutothrottleA/W AirwayA-SMGCS Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemAAG Accident Analysis Group (of UK CAA)AAIB Air Accidents Investigation Branch (UK) www.dft.gov.uk/stellentAAL Above Aerodrome LevelAAS Anti-icing Advisory SystemABN, ABNORM AbnormalABRV AbbreviationABS, Abs AbsoluteAC Aircraft CommanderAC Advisory CircularAC Alternating CurrentAc AltocumulusAC (A/C) Air ConditioningACAC Air-Cooled Air CoolerACARE Aeronautics Research in Europe www.intellectuk.orgACARS Airborne Communications Addressing and Reporting SystemACARS ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting SystemACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance SystemACBTC AC Bus Tie ContactorACBTR AC Bus Tie Relay

Edition 1.03 – April 2004

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Acc According to; In accordance withACC Active Clearance ControlACC Area Control CentreAcclrm AccelerometerACCU AccumulatorACE Actuator Control ElectronicsACE Advanced Certification EquipmentACEBTC AC Emergency Bus Transfer ContactorAcft AircraftACI Airport Council International www.airports.orgACI Europe Airport Council International (Europe) www.aci-europe.org ACIPS Airfoil and Cowl Ice Protection SystemACJ Advisory Circular, Joint (JARS)ACL Abnormal ChecklistACM Air Cycle Machine (air conditioning)ACMF Aeroplane Condition Monitoring FunctionACMP AC Motor PumpACMS Aeroplane Condition Monitoring SystemACN Airspace Co-ordination NoticeACNSS Advanced Communication/Navigation/Surveillance SystemACP Audio Control PanelACR Aerodrome Control RadarACS Active Control SystemACU Antenna Control UnitACU Apron Control UnitACU Autopilot Control UnitACW Alternating Current Wild FrequencyAD Airworthiness DirectiveAD Air DefenceADAU Air Data Accessory UnitADC Air Data ComputerADEP Departure AerodromeADES Destination AerodromeADF Automatic Direction Finding (or Finder)ADI Attitude Direction IndicatorADIRS Air Data Inertial Reference SystemADIRU Air Data Inertial Reference UnitADIZ Air Defence Identification ZoneADLP Aircraft Data Link ProcessorADM Air Data ModuleADMA Aviation Distributors and Manufacturers Association www.adma.orgADMS Airline Data Management SystemADP Automated Data ProcessingADP Air Driven PumpADPSG Automated Data Processing Sub Group (Eurocontrol)ADR Advisory RouteADRAS Aeroplane Data Recovery and Analysis SystemADREP Aviation Data Reporting Program (ICAO)ADS Air Data SystemADS Automatic Dependent SurveillanceADS-A Automatic Dependent Surveillance - AddressedADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance - BroadcastADSEL Address Selective. SSR system arranged to address each transponder selectivelyADSP Automatic Dependent Surveillance PanelADSU Automatic Dependent Surveillance SystemADSU Automatic Dependent Surveillance UnitADU Advisory Display UnitADU Air Data UnitAEA Association of European Airlines www.aea.beAECMA Association Européene des Constructeurs de Matériel Aérospatial www.aecma.orgAECU Audio Electronic Control UnitAEEC Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee

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AERA Automated En Route Air Traffic ControlAERO Aeronautical Events Reports Organizer (safety information system) www.aerocan.comAFC Automatic Flight ControlsAFC Automatic Frequency CompensationAFC Automatic Frequency ControlAFCAS Automatic Flight Control Augmentation SystemAFCS Automatic Flight Control SystemAFD Adaptive Flight DisplayAFDAU Auxiliary Flight Data Acquisition UnitAFDC Autopilot Flight Director ComputerAFDS Autopilot Flight Director SystemAFIS(O) Aerodrome Flight Information Service (Officer)AFIS Airborne Flight Information SystemAFIS Automatic Flight Information ServiceAFR Automatic Flap RetractionAFR African Region of ICAOAFS Automatic Flight SystemAFS Aeronautical Fixed ServiceAFSK Audio Frequency Shift KeyingAft RearAFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications NetworkAFU Auto Feather UnitAGACS Automatic Ground-Air Communication System (ATCSS or DATA LINK)AGAS High Level European Action Group For ATM SafetyAGB Accessory Gear BoxAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGL Above Ground LevelAGS Analysis Ground StationAGS Air/Ground SystemAH Ampere HoursAHOE Air/Oil Heat ExchangerAHRS Attitude and Heading Reference SystemAHRU Attitude and Heading Reference UnitAI Alternative InterrogatorAIA Aerospace Industries Association (USA) www.aia-aerospace.orgAIAA Area of Intense Aerial ActivityAIDS Aircraft Integrated Data SystemAIG ICAO Accident Investigation and Prevention DivisionAil AileronAIMS Aircraft Information Management SystemAIP Aeronautical Information PublicationAIRCOM Digital air/ground communication system provided by SITAAIREP Air Report Form for reporting position and met conditionsAIRPROX Situation in which two aircraft come dangerously close to collisionAIS Aeronautical Information ServicesAIV Accumulator Isolation ValveALA Approach and Landing AccidentALAR Approach and Landing Accident ReductionALARP As Low As Reasonably PracticableALPA Air Line Pilots Association (USA) www.alpa.orgALT Altitude (Altimeter)ALTM AltimeterALTN AlternateALTS Altitude SelectALU Arithmetic and Logic UnitAM Amplitude ModulationAMAN Arrivals ManagementAMC Acceptable Means of Compliance (JARs)AMC Avionics Maintenance ConferenceAMCP Aeronautical Mobile Communications PanelAMD Amendment to TAF (Met code)AMM Aeroplane Maintenance Manual

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AMP AmpereAMP Audio Management PanelAmpl AmplifierAMSL Above Mean Sea LevelAMSL Apron Management ServiceAMSS Aeronautical Mobile Satellite ServiceAMTOSS Aircraft Maintenance Task Oriented Support System. (Automated data retrieval system)AMU Audio Management UnitAnnex 1 ICAO Annex 1 – Personnel LicensingAnnex 2 ICAO Annex 2 – Rules of the AirAnnex 3 ICAO Annex 3 – Meteorological Services for International Air NavigationAnnex 4 ICAO Annex 4 – Aeronautical ChartsAnnex 5 ICAO Annex 5 – Units of MeasurementAnnex 6 ICAO Annex 6 – Operation of AircraftAnnex 7 ICAO Annex 7 – Aircraft Nationality & Registration MarksAnnex 8 ICAO Annex 8 – Airworthiness of AircraftAnnex 9 ICAO Annex 9 – FacilitationAnnex 10 ICAO Annex 10 – Aeronautical TelecommunicationsAnnex 11 ICAO Annex 11 – Air Traffic ServicesAnnex 12 ICAO Annex 12 – Search & RescueAnnex 13 ICAO Annex 13 – Accident & Incident ReportingAnnex 14 ICAO Annex 14 – AerodromesAnnex 15 ICAO Annex 15 – Aeronautical Information ServicesAnnex 16 ICAO Annex 16 – Environmental ProtectionAnnex 17 ICAO Annex 17 – Aviation SecurityAnnex 18 ICAO Annex 18 – Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by AirAnn AnnunciatorANP Actual Navigation PerformanceANS Ambient Noise SensorANS Area Navigation SystemANSI American National Standards InstituteANSP Air Navigation Service ProviderANT Airspace and Navigation Team (Eurocontrol)ANU Angle Nose UpAOA Angle of AttackAOC Aeronautical Operational ControlAOC Air Operators CertificateAOC Air/Oil CoolerAOC Aircraft Operational ControlAOC Airport Obstruction ChartAOC Airport Operational CommunicationsAOCC Airline Operational Control CentreAOG Aircraft On the GroundAOHE Air/Oil Heat ExchangerAOM Aeroplane (Airplane) Operating ManualAOPA Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association www.aopa.orgAOPG Aerodrome Operations GroupAOR Atlantic Ocean RegionAP (A/P) AutopilotAPA Altitude Pre-alerterAPA Asia/Pacific Region of ICAOAPA Autopilot AmplifierAPATSI Airport /Air Traffic Systems InterfaceAPB Auxiliary Power BreakerAPC Autopilot ComputerAPE Airspace Penetration EntryAPMS Aviation Performance Measuring SystemAPP, App Approach (Control)APPR, Appr ApproachAPR Automatic Power functionAPS Aircraft Prepared for Service (Less passengers & fuel)APU Auxiliary Power Unit

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APUC Auxiliary Power Unit ControllerAPX Airspace Penetration ExitAQD Aviation Quality Database (safety information system) www.superstructure.co.nzAQP Advanced Qualification ProgramAQP Avionics Qualified ProcedureAQS Advanced Quality SystemAR1 Approach Radar 1ARF Airline Risk FactorARFF Aircraft Rescue & Fire FightingARINC Aeronautical Radio Inc.ARM ArmedARP Aerodrome Reference PointARP Air Data Reference PanelARR ArrangementARSR Air Route Surveillance RadarARSR Automatic Radar Summary chartART Automatic Reserve ThrustARTCC Air-Route Traffic Control CentreARTS Automated Radar Terminal SystemAs AltostratusASA Aircraft Separation AssuranceASA Autoland Status AnnunciatorASAP As Soon As PossibleASAP Aviation Safety Action Program (FAA)ASCB Avionics Standard Communication BusASCPC Air Supply and Cabin Pressure ControllersASD Accelerate Stop DistanceASDA Accelerate Stop Distance AvailableASDE Airport Surface Detection EquipmentASDG Automatic Safety Data GatheringASDL Aeronautical Satellite Data LinkASDR Accelerate Stop Distance RequiredASE Air Safety EventASI Air Speed IndicatorASIR Air Speed Indicator ReadingASM Airspace ManagementASM Autothrottle Servo MotorASMGCS Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemASMT Automated(ic) Safety Monitoring ToolASP Altitude Set PanelASR Air Safety ReportASRS Aviation Safety Reporting System (NASA)ASSV Alternate Source Selection ValveASTA Airport Surface Traffic AutomationASTR AC Standby Bus Transfer RelayASYM Asymmetric, AsymmetryAT Air TransportAT AutothrottleAT At (Met code)ATA Actual Time of ArrivalATA Air Transport Association (USA) www.air-transport.org ATC Air Traffic ControlATCC Air Traffic Control CentreATCO Air Traffic Control OfficerATCRB Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon SystemATCRU Air Traffic Control Radar UnitATCSS Air Traffic Control Signalling SystemATE Automatic Test EquipmentATFM Air Traffic Flow ManagementATFMU Air Traffic Flow Management UnitA/THR AutothrottleATIS Automated (Automatic) Terminal Information Service (System)

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ATM Air Traffic ManagementATN Aeronautical Telecommunications NetworkATOS Air Transport Oversight SystemATPCS Automatic Take-off Power Control SystemATS Air Traffic ServicesATS Air Turbine StarterATS Autothrottle SystemATSB Australian Transportation Safety Bureau www.atsb.gov.auATSOCAS Air Traffic Control Service Outside Controlled AirspaceATSP Air Traffic Service ProvidersATT, Att AttitudeATTCS Automatic Take-off Thrust Control SystemATTND AttendantATZ Air Traffic ZoneAUTO AutomaticAUW All Up WeightAUX AuxiliaryAVL AvailableAVM Airborne Vibration MonitorAVSiS Aviation Safety Information System www.avsoft.co.ukAWO All Weather OperationsAWOP All Weather Operations PanelAWOS Automated Weather Observation SystemAZ Azimuth

BA Body AttitudeBAe British aerospaceBALPA British Airline Pilot's Association www.balpa.orgBAP Bank Angle ProtectionBaro BarometricBASI Bureau of Aviation Safety Investigation (Australia) (former) see ATSBBASIS British Airways Safety Information System www.winbasis.comBAT BatteryBB Back Beam (=BC)BC Back CourseBC Patches (Met code)BCF Bromo Chloro Fluorene (fire extinguisher)BCP Break Cloud ProcedureB Crs Back CourseBDHI Bearing Distance and Heading IndicatorBDI Bearing Distance IndicatorBEA Bureau Enquête d'Accidents et d’Analyses de l’Aviation Civile (France) www.bea-fr.orgBECMG Becoming (Met code)BFO Beat Frequency OscillatorBFU Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Investigation (Germany) www.bfu-web.deBHP Brake Horse PowerBTPD Body Temperature, Pressure, Dry. (37°C, ambient pressure and no water vapour)BTPS Body Temperature, Pressure, Saturated. (as BTPD but saturated with water vapour)BIST Built In Self TestBITE Built-in Test EquipmentBITE Built In TestBKN Broken (Met code)BL Blowing (Met code)BLD VLV Bleed ValveBlk BlackBLK BlockBMV Brake Metering ValveBNR BinaryBPCU Bus Power Control UnitBPU Battery Protection UnitBR Mist (Met code)

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BRG, Brg BearingBRK BrakeB-RNAV Basic Area NavigationBRT, Brt Bright, BrightnessBS Broadcast StationBSC Battery Start ContactorBSCU Brake System Control UnitBSOV Bleed Shut Off ValveBSU Beam Steering UnitBSU Bypass Switch UnitBTB Bus Tie BreakerBTC Bus Tie ContactorBTMS Brake Temperature Monitoring SystemBTMU Brake Temperature Monitoring UnitBTR Bus Tie RelayBTU British Thermal UnitBU BackupBXR Battery Transfer Relay

C Celsius, Centigrade, CivilC/A Cabin AttendantC/B Circuit BreakerC/L Check List, Centre LineC/S Call SignCA Cabin AttendantCAA Civil Aviation Authority (Administration) (various nationalities)CAA UK CAA www.caa.co.ukCAB CabinCAC Caution Advisory ComputerCAC Crew Alerting ComputerCACP Cabin Area Control PanelCAD Computer Aided DesignCAE Component Application EngineerCAF Computer Assisted FlightCAI Caution Annunciation IndicatorCAP Civil Aviation Publication (UK CAA)CAP Crew Alerting PanelCAPT, Capt CaptainCAS Calibrated AirspeedCAS Collision Avoidance SystemCAS Computed AirspeedCASA Australian Civil Aviation Safety Organisation www.casa.gov.auCAST Commercial Aircraft Safety Team (USA) www.faa.gov/newsroom/saferskies/CAT CategoryCAT Clear Air TurbulenceCAT I, II, III, IIIa etc Operational performance categories of ILS equipmentCAVOK Cloud and Visibility OKCb Cumulonimbus (Met code)CCAS Centralised Crew Alerting SystemCCB Converter Circuit BreakerCCD Cursor Control DeviceCCIR International Radio Consultative CommitteeCCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative CommitteeCCS Communications Control SystemCCW Counter ClockwiseCCWR Cloud Collision Warning RadarCD CodedCD Coefficient of DragCDB Commandant de Bord (Captain)CDI Course Deviation IndicatorCDTI(PP) Cockpit Display of Traffic InformationCDU Control Display Unit

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CENA Centre d’Etudes de la Navigation AérienneCEPT Conférence Européene des Postes et TélécommunicationsCFC Constant Frequency ContactorCFDIU Centralised Fault Display Interface UnitCFDS Centralised Fault Display SystemCFIT Controlled Flight Into TerrainCFL Cleared Flight LevelCFMU Centralised Flow Management UnitCG, C of G Centre of GravityCHAN ChannelChapter 3 ICAO Annex 13 Chapter 3 (current noise regulations for aircraft)Chapter 4 ICAO Annex 13 Chapter 4 (future noise regulations for aircraft)CHC ChanceCHC Charge ContactorCHG ChargeCHIRP Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting Programme www.chirp.co.ukCHIS Centre Hydraulic Isolation SystemCI Cabin InterphoneCIS Commonwealth of Independent States (members of former Soviet Union)CL Coefficient of LiftCL Condition Lever, Centre LineCLA Condition Lever AngleCLB ClimbCLK ClockCLNC ClearanceCLR ClearCLRD Cleared. Contaminations no longer exist (Met code)CM Crew Member (CM1 = LH pilot, CM2 = RH pilot)CM, cm CentimetreCMATZ Combined Military Air Traffic ZoneCMC Central Maintenance ComputerCMD, Cmd CommandCMM Component Maintenance ManualCMPTR ComputerCMS Cabin Management SystemCMU Communications Management UnitCNS Communications, Navigation, SurveillanceCO, COM CommunicationCOMPT CompartmentCOMPR CompressorCON, CONT ContinuousCONFIG ConfigurationCORRECT CorrectionCOTS Commercial Off The ShelfCPA (H or V) Closest Point of Approach (Horizontal or Vertical)CPC Cabin Pressure ControllerCPC Cursor Position ControlCPCS Cabin Pressure Control SystemCPDLC Controller Pilot Datalink CommunicationsCPE Circular Position ErrorCPL Auto Pilot CouplingCPRSR CompressorCPS Cabin Pressure SensorCPU Central Processing UnitCRC Continuous Repetitive ChimeCRDA Converging Runway Display AidCRM Crew (formerly Cockpit) Resource ManagementCRS, Crs CourseCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRZ CruiseCS Certification SpecificationCs Cirrostratus

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CSC Cargo System ControllerCSCP Cabin System Control PanelCSD Constant Speed DriveCSDS Cargo Smoke Detection (or Detector) SystemCSMM Crash Survivable Memory ModulesCSMU Cabin System Management UnitCSO Cabin Services OfficerCSOV Crossfeed Shut Off ValveCSU Constant Speed UnitCSUP Centre SupervisorCTA Control AreaCTA Canadian Transportation Agency www.cta-otc.gc.caCTAI Cowl Thermal Anti IcingCTAS Centre TRACON Automation SystemCTL, Ctl ControlCTMO Centralised Air Traffic Flow Management OrganisationCTOT Constant Torque On Take-off (Saab 340)CTR CentreCTR Control ZoneCTSB Canadian Transportation Safety Board www.tc.gc.caCU Control UnitCU Cumulus (Met code)CVR Cockpit Voice RecorderCW ClockwiseCW Continuous WaveCWP Central (or Centralised) Warning PanelCWP Controller’s Working Position

D/A Digital to AnalogueD/F Direction FindingDA Decision AltitudeDADC Digital Air Data ComputerDADS Digital Air Data SystemDARPS Dynamic Airborne Re-route Planning SystemDASR Digital Airport Surveillance RadarDASS Distress Alerting Satellite SystemDATALINK Digitised Information Transfer (air/ground)dB DecibelDBI Distance and Bearing Indicator (VOR/DME)DC Direct CurrentDCP Display Control PanelDCS Departure Control SystemD&D Distress and DiversionDDG Dispatch Deviation GuideDEC Declination, DecreaseDEFDARS Digital Expandable Flight Data Acquisition and Recording SystemDFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition UnitDEFL DeflectionDEG, deg DegreesDELTA P Differential PressureDELTA T Difference in TemperatureDEMOPROJ FOQA demonstration projectDENEB Fog dispersal operations in progress (Met code)DEP DepartureDEST, Dest DestinationDEV DeviationDFCS Digital Flight Control SystemDFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition UnitDFDR Digital Flight Data RecorderDFDU Digital Flight Data UnitDFIDU Dual Function Interactive Display UnitDFIU Digital Flight Instrument Unit

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DFU Digital Function UnitDFZ 600 Flight Control ComputerDGAC La Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile (France) www.aviation-civile.gouv.frDGCA Director General of Civil Aviation (generic term)DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite SystemDGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDH Decision HeightDIFF DifferentialDIM Light DimmerDISCH DischargeDIST DistanceDMAN Departures ManagementDME Distance Measuring EquipmentDN DownDOD Department of Defense (USA)DOT Department of Transportation (USA) www.dot.govDOW Dry Operating WeightDPC Digital Pressure ControllerDR Dead ReckoningDR Drifting (Met code)DS Dust Storms (Met code)DSB Double Side BandDSDU Data Signal Display UnitDSPL DisplayDST Daylight Saving TimeDU Display UnitDU Widespread Dust (Met code)DZ Drizzle (Met code)

EADI Electronic Attitude Director IndicatorEAFAS European Academy for Aviation Safety www.eafas.comEAI Engine Anti IcingEAS Equivalent AirspeedEASA European Aviation Safety Agency www.easa.eu.int EASIE Enhanced ATM and Mode S Implementation in EuropeEASTI European Aviation Security Training Institute www.ecac-ceac.orgEATCHIP European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation Implementation Programme (now EATMP)EAT Estimated Elapsed TimeEATM European Air Traffic ManagementEATMP European Air Traffic Management Programme www.eurocontrol.int/eatmpEATMS European Air Traffic Management SystemsEBAA European Business Aviation Association www.ebaa.orgEBCC Emergency Battery Charge ContactorEBTC Emergency Bus Transfer ContactorEC European Commission www.europa.eu.intECA European Cockpit Association www.eca-cockpit.comECAC European Civil Aviation Conference www.ecac-ceac.orgECCAIRS European Coordination Centre for Aviation Incident Reporting Systems eccairs-www.jrc.itECAM Electronic Caution Alert ModuleECAM Electronic Centralised Aircraft MonitorECIP European Convergence and Implementation PlanECL Emergency ChecklistECM Engine Condition MonitoringECP EICAS Control PanelECS Environment Control SystemECU Electronic Control UnitED EICAS DisplayEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEDP Engine Driven PumpEDV Electric Depressurising ValveEEC Engine Electronic Control, Electronic Engine ControlEEU Eastern European Region of ICAO

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EFAS En route Flight Advisory ServiceEFD Electronic Flight DisplayEFIS Electronic Flight Instrument (or Instrumentation) SystemEGHR External Ground Handling RelayEGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning SystemEGR Engine Ground RunEGT Exhaust Gas TemperatureEHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation IndicatorEICAS Engine Indication and Crew Alert SystemEIS Engine Instrument SystemELEC ElectricalELT Emergency Location TransmitterELV, ELEVN ElevationEMC Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMDA Emergency Distance Available (=ASDA)EMDR Emergency Distance Required (=ASDR)EMER EmergencyEMI Electro Magnetic InterferenceEMS Engine Management SystemEMS Estimated Minimum SeparationEMUX Engine MultiplexerENG EngineEOBT Estimated Off Blocks TimeEPC External Power ContactorEPCS Engine Propulsion Control SystemEPR Engine Pressure RatioEQUIP EquipmentEQPT EquipmentER En RouteERA European Regions Airline Association www.eraa.orgEROPS Extended Range Twin Engine Operation (=ETOPS)ESARR Eurocontrol Safety Regulatory RequirementESD Engine Shut DownESS EssentialET Elapsed TimeETA Estimated Time of ArrivalETD Estimated Time of DepartureETI Elapsed Time IndicatorETOPS Extended Range Twin Engine Operations (= EROPS)ETP Equi-Time Point, Estimated Time of PenetrationETSC European Transportation Safety Council www.etsc.beETWIRL EU study into wake vortex generation to optimise separation distancesEU European Union www.eurunion.orgEUR European Region of ICAOEURICE European Research in Aircraft Ice CertificationEUROCAE The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment www.eurocae.orgEUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation www.eurocontrol.intEWAAS End State WAASEXC External Power/Service Bus ContactorEXT Exterior, External

F FahrenheitF Flight LevelF/O First OfficerFA Flight Attendant (=CA)FAA Federal Aviation Administration (USA) www.faa.gov FAC Flight Augmentation ComputerFAC Final Approach CourseFADEC Full Authority Digital Electronic ControlFAF Final Approach FixFAIL Failed, FailureFANS Future Air Navigation System

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FAP Final Approach PointFAR Federal Aviation Regulation (USA)FAST Future Aviation Safety Team www.asy.faa.govFAST Final Approach Spacing ToolFAT Final Approach TrackFBL Fly By LightFBW Fly By WireFC Forecast (Met code)FC Funnel Cloud, tornado or water spout (Met code)FCL Flight Crew LicensingFCC Flight Control ComputerFCOC Fuel Cooled Oil CoolerFCP Flight Control PanelFCS Flight Control SystemFCU Flap Control UnitFCU Fuel Control UnitFD Flight DirectorFDAU Flight Data Acquisition UnitFDEP Flight Data Entry PointFDIU Flight Data Interface UnitFDM Flight Data MonitoringFDP(S) Flight Data Processing (System)FDR Flight Data RecorderFDSL Flight Data Services Ltd. www.flightdataservices.comFEATH Feathered, FeatheringFEATS Future European Air Traffic Management SystemFECU Flap Electronic Control UnitFF Fuel FlowFG Fog (Met code)FGC Flight Guidance ComputerFGS Flight Guidance SystemFI Flight IdleFI Flight Interruption (e.g. diversion or RTO)FIC Flight Information CentreFIR Flight Information RegionFIS Flight Information ServiceFL, F/L, F Flight LevelFLIDRAS Flight Data Replay and Analysis SystemFLIRECP ICAO Flight Recorder PanelFLT, Flt FlightFM Fan MarkerFM From (Met code)FM Frequency ModulationFMA Flight Mode AnnunciatorFMC(S) Flight Management Computer (System)FMGS Flight Management Guidance SystemFMP Flight Management PanelFMS Flight Management SystemFMS Flight Monitoring SystemFMU Fuel Metering UnitFO, F/O First OfficerFOC Full Operational CapabilityFOC Flag of ConvenienceFOD Foreign Object DebrisFOIA Freedom Of Information ActFOQA Flight Operational Quality AssuranceFORAS Flight Operations Risk Assessment System www.flightsafety.org/foras.htmlFOS Flight Operations SoftwareFPM, fpm, F/M Feet per MinuteFPS Flight Progress StripFQI Fuel Quantity IndicatorFREQ Frequency

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FRP Federal Radio-navigation PlanFRQ FrequencyFRS Fire Rescue serviceFSA First Stop Altitude (on SIDs)FSF Flight Safety Foundation www.flightsafety.orgFSO Flight Safety OfficerFT Forecast (Met code)FT, ft Feet, FootFTC Flap Trim ComputerFU Fuel UsedFU Follow UpFU Smoke (Met code)FWC Flight Warning ComputerFWD, Fwd ForwardFZ Super-cooled, Freezing (Met code)

G Maximum wind gust strength (Met code)G/S Glide SlopeGA General AviationGA Go AroundGAIN Global Analysis and Information Network www.asy.faa.gov/gainGAL Gallon, GalleyGAT General Air TrafficGATCO Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers (UK) www.gatco.orgGBIB Ground Based Integrity BroadcastGC Generator ContactorGCA Ground Controlled ApproachGCAS Ground Collision Avoidance SystemGCU Generator Control UnitGEN GeneratorGFP Ground Fine PitchGI Ground IdleGI Ground Interruption (e.g. return to stand)GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (Russian)GMT Greenwich Mean Time (=UCT)GND, Gnd GroundGNSS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGNSS Global Navigation SystemGP Glide PathGPS Global Positioning SystemGPU Ground Power UnitGPWS Ground Proximity Warning SystemGR Hail (Met code)GRADU Gradually (Met code)GRD GroundGS, G/S GlideslopeGS Small hail 5mm diameter (Met code)GS, GSPD GroundspeedGUI Graphic/User InterfaceGXS ACW Generator/Service Bus Contactor

H24 Operates 24 Hours a DayHBV Handling Bleed ValveHD Head DownHDG, Hdg HeadingHDL HandlingHDLG HandlingHEBTC Hot Emergency Battery Transfer ContactorHEIDI Harmonisation of European Incident Definitions Initiative for ATMHEP Human Error ProbabilityHERA Human Error AnalysisHF Human Factors

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HF High FrequencyHHDLU Hand Held Download UnitHI High, High intensityHISL High Intensity Strobe LightsHLD HoldHLS Helicopter Landing SiteHMBTC Hot Main Battery Transfer ContactorHMI Human-Machine InterfaceHMI Hazardously Misleading InformationHMU Hydromechanical UnitHN Operates at NightHO Operates During Times to meet Operational RequirementsHOMP Helicopter Operations Monitoring ProgrammeHP Handling PilotHP High PressurehPa HectopascalsHRL High Intensity Runway Edge LightHS Operates for Scheduled ServicesHSI Horizontal Situation IndicatorHSL Heading SelectHST High Speed Turn-offHTG HeatingHTML Hypertext Mark-up LanguageHUD Head-up DisplayHUGS Head-up Guidance SystemHUMS Helicopter Health and Usage Monitoring SystemHX Operates at No Specific HoursHYD HydraulicHz HertzHZ Haze (Met code)

IACA International Air Carriers Association www.iaca.beIAF Initial Approach FixIAM RAF Institute of Aviation MedicineIAPA International Airline Passengers Association www.iapa.comIAS Indicated AirspeedIAS Integrated Avionics SystemIASA International Aviation Safety Assessment www.faa.gov/avr/iasa/index.cfmIATA International Air Transport Association www.iata.orgIATA STEADES See STEADESIAW In Accordance WithIC Integrated CircuitIC Diamond Dust (Met code)ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation www.icao.intICD Interface Control DescriptionICF Initial Contact FrequencyIDT IdentIEM Interpretive and Explanatory Material (JARs)IF Intermediate FixIFALPA International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations www.ifalpa.orgIFATCA International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations www.ifatca.orgIFL Instrumented Flight LevelIFR Instrument Flight RulesIFSD In Flight Shut DownIGS Instrument Guidance SystemIGV Inlet Guide VaneIHS Organisation which distributes JARs (and other documents). www.ihserc.com/aviationILS Instrument Landing SystemIM Inner MarkerIMC Instrument Meteorological ConditionsIMN Indicated Mach NumberIMU Inertial Measurement Unit

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IN Inertial NavigationIn Inch, InchesIN/HG, In/Hg Inches of MercuryINC IncreaseIND IndicatorINDICATE Australian Aviation SafetyInfomaion System www.atsb.gov.au/atsb/indicateINFO InformationINHI InhibitINOP InoperativeINS Inertial Navigation SystemINST InstrumentINT Interphone, IntersectionINTER Intermittently (Met code)INU Inertial Navigation UnitINV InverterIOC Initial Operational CapabilityIOSA IATA Operational Safety AuditIPA Independent Pilots Association www.ipapilot.comIPC Illustrated Parts CatalogueIR Implementation RuleIRO in region ofIRS Inertial Reference SystemISA International Standard AtmosphereISASI International Society of Air Safety Investigators www.isasi.orgISO International Organisation for Standardisation www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.openerpageISOL IsolationISV Isolation Shut-off ValveISWL Isolated Single Wheel LoadITT Inter (or Interstage) Turbine TemperatureIV Isolation ValveIWAAS Initial Wide Area Augmentation System

JAA Joint Aviation Authorities, (originally Joint Airworthiness Authorities) www.jaa.nlJAAB JAA BoardJAAC JAA CouncilJAR Joint Aviation RequirementsJAR-AWO Joint Aviation Requirement - All Weather OperationsJAR-FCL Joint Aviation Requirement - Flight Crew LicensingJAR-OPS Joint Aviation Requirement - OperationsJPT Jet Pipe TemperatureJSSI Joint Safety Strategy Initiative www.jaa.nl/jssi/jssi.html

KG, kg KilogramKHZ, kHz KilohertzKM, km KilometreKT, kt KnotKVA Kilovolt-AmpereKW Kilowatt

L LeftL/G Landing GearLA Landing (Approach)LAAS Local Area Augmentation SystemLADGPS Local Area DGPSLAHSO Land and Hold Short of (Intersecting runway etc.)LAM Latin American Region of ICAOLAN Local Area NetworkLARS Lower Airspace Radar ServiceLAS Lower AirspaceLAT LatitudeLAT LateralLAV Lavatory

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LB Level BustLB PoundLBA Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (German NAA) www.lba.deLBA Lowest Blade AngleLBTF Level Bust Task Force (Eurocontrol)LBWG Level Bust Working Group (UK CAA)LCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLCG Load Classification GroupLCN Load Classification NumberLCP Lighting Control PanelLD Landing (Descent)LDA Landing Distance AvailableLDA Localize-type Directional AidLdg LandingLDG Landing end of runway (Met code)LDR Landing Distance RequiredLED Light Emitting DiodeLF Low FrequencyLG Landing (Go-around)LH Landing (Hold)LH Left HandLIM LimitationLLC Line/LOS ChecklistLMC Line Maintenance ControlLMT Local Mean TimeLNAV Long Range NavigationLNAV Lateral NavigationLO LowLOA Letter of AgreementLO-PR Low PressureLOC LocalizerLOFT Line Orientated Flying TrainingLOMS Line Operations Monitoring SystemLON(G) LongitudeLORAN Long Range NavigationLOS Line Oriented SimulationLOS Line of SightLOSA Line Operations Safety AuditLP Low PressureLPC Low Pressure CompressorLPT Low Pressure TurbineLSB Lower SidebandLSS Lightning Strike SensorLT LightLVL Level

M Mach Numberm Metrem/s Metres per SecondMAC Mean Aerodynamic ChordMag MagneticMAN ManualMAP MappingMAP Missed Approach Procedure (Point)MASPS Minimum Aviation System Performance StandardMATS Manual of Air Traffic ServicesMATZ Military Air Traffic ZoneMAX MaximumMCL Malfunction ChecklistMB, Mb MillibarMBCC Main Battery Charge ContactorMBTC Main Bus Transfer Contactor

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MC Master CautionMC Monitoring/ChallengingMCDP(U) Multifunctional Control Display Panel (Unit)MCP Mode Control PanelMCP Maximum Continuous PowerMCT Maximum ContinuousMCTM Maximum Certified Take-off MassMDA Minimum Descent AltitudeMDH Minimum Descent HeightMEA Minimum En-route (Safe) AltitudeMECH MechanicMEL Minimum Equipment ListMETAR Encoded actual weather forecastMETO Maximum Except Take-offMF Medium FrequencyMFC Multi Function ComputerMFD Multi Function DisplayMFDU Multi Function Display UnitMFL Minimum Flight LevelMFLI Magnetic Fuel Level IndicatorMGT ManagementMHz MegaherzMI Shallow (Met code)MIC MicrophoneMID Middle East Region of ICAOMIL MilitaryMIN MinimumMISC MiscellaneousMKR MarkerMLS Microwave Landing SystemMM, mm MillimetreMMEL Master Minimum Equipment ListMMO Maximum Operating Mach NoMNPS Minimum Navigation Performance SpecificationMOCA Minimum Obstacle Clearance AltitudeMOD ModificationMode “C” or Charlie SSR system allowing transmission of altitude or flight level indicated on pilot’s altimeterMode “S” Mode Select. (enhanced SSR system)MOPS Minimum Operational Performance StandardMOQA Maintenance Operational Quality AssuranceMOR Mandatory Occurrence ReportMORA Minimum Off-route AltitudeMOTNE Encoded transmission on runway conditions (Met code)MPFR Multi-Purpose Flight RecorderMSA Minimum Safe AltitudeMSA Minimum Sector AltitudeMSAW(S) Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (System)MSD Minimum Separation DistanceMSG MessageMSL Mean Sea LevelMSN Manufacturers Serial NoMSP Mode Signalling PanelMTBUR Minimum Time Between Unscheduled ReplacementMTCD Medium Term Conflict DetectionMTOW Maximum Take-off WeightMTP Maintenance Test PanelMTRA Military Temporary Reserved AirspaceMTWA Maximum Total Weight AuthorisedMW Master Warning

N/W Nose WheelN1 Low Pressure Spool (Fan) Rotation Speed

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N2 Intermediate Compressor SpeedN3 High Pressure Spool Rotation Speed (=NH)NAA National Aviation Authority (generic)NAC NacelleNAM North American Region of ICAONASA National Airspace System NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) www.nasa.govNAT North Atlantic TrackNATS National Air Traffic Services (of UK CAA) www.nats.co.ukNAV NavigationNAVSTAR Global precision satellite navigation systemNCR National Cash Register (including NCR or self-carbon paper)NDB Non-directional BeaconNE Navigation ErrorNEG NegativeNH High Pressure Spool Rotation Speed (= N3)NHP Non Handling PilotNIL NothingNLR National Aerospace Laboratory (Netherlands) www.nlr.nlNM, nm Nautical MileNORM NormalNOSIG No significant changes in forecast expected during period (Met code)NOTAM Notice for AirmenNOTOC Notice to Commanders (form listing dangerous goods carried)NP Propeller rotation SpeedNPA Non Precision ApproachNPA Notice of Proposed Amendment (JARs)NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (FARs)NRV Non Return ValveNs NimbostratusNSC No Significant Cloud (Met code)NSW No Significant Weather (Met code)NTPD Normal Temperature, Pressure, Dry. (21°C, 760 mmHg and no water vapour)NTSB National Transportation Safety Board (USA) www.ntsb.govNWS Nose Wheel Steering

O2 OxygenOAC Oceanic Area Control CentreOAG Official Airline Guide www.oag.comOAG Operational Analysis GroupOAT Outside Air TemperatureOAT Operational Air TrafficOBI Omni-bearing IndicatorOBS Omni-bearing SelectorOCST OvercastOEI One Engine InoperativeOEG Operational Evaluation GroupOFDM Operational Flight Data MonitoringOHD OverheadOPMET Encoded transmission on runway conditions (Met code)OQAR Optical Quick Access RecorderORD Operational Requirements DocumentOT Other TimesOT Other TrafficOUTB OutboardOVBD OverboardOVC Overcast (Met code)OVERTEMP OvertemperatureOVHT OverheatOVRD OverrideOXY Oxygen

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PA Passenger AddressPAPI Precision Approach Path IndicatorPANS-OPS Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Operations (ICAO)PANS-ATM Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Air Traffic Management (ICAO)PAR Precision Approach RadarPB Push ButtonPBSI Push Button Switch IndicatorPBX Private Branch Exchange (telephone)PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationPCU Power (or Powered) Controls UnitPCU Propeller Control UnitPDARS Performance Data Analysis Reporting System (FAA)PDI Pre Departure InspectionPDU Power Distribution UnitPE Ice Pellets (Met code)PE Procedural ErrorPEC Propeller Electronic ControlPEC Pressure Error Correction (Air Data Instruments)PF Pilot FlyingPFD Primary Flight DisplayPFL Planned Flight LevelPFR Pulse Repetition FrequencyPFTS Power Feeder Thermal SensorPGB Propeller Gear BoxPIC Pilot In CommandPINS Pipeline Inspection Notification SystemPL Power LeverPLA Power Lever Advance (or Angle)PLASI Pulse Light Approach Slope IndicatorPMT Project Management TeamPMU Power Management UnitPNC Personnel Navigant Commercial (French term for Cabin Crew)PND Primary Navigation DisplayPNF Pilot Non-flying, Pilot Not FlyingPNL PanelPNT Personnel Navigant Technique (French term for Technical Crew)PO Well developed dust /sand whirls (Met code)POB Persons on boardPOS PositionPPCU Propeller Pitch Control unitPPI Plan Position IndicatorP-RNAV Precision Area NavigationPPS Precise Positioning ServicePRESS Pressure, PressurisationPRF Pulse Repetition FrequencyPRIM PrimaryPRKG ParkingPROC ProcedurePROP PropellerPRPM Propeller Revolutions Per MinutePRV Pressure Regulating (or Relief, or Reducing) ValvePSEU Proximity Sensor Electronic UnitPSG Project Steering GroupPSI Pounds per Square InchPSR Primary Surveillance RadarPT PointPT (TCAS) Proximity TrafficPTT Push (Press) to Talk (Transmit), (Test)PTW Pitch Thumb WheelPUD Propeller Unit De-icingPVP Portée visuelle de la piste (French term for RVR)PWM Pulse Width Modulation

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PWR Power

QAR Quick Access RecorderQDM Magnetic Heading (zero wind)QFE Barometric pressure for altimeter giving zero on landing.QNH Barometric pressure giving touch-down elevation on landingQRH Quick Reference HandbookQSY Frequency ChangeQTE True BearingQTR Quick TurnroundQTY, Qty Quantity

RA Radio Altitude (Altimeter)RA Rain (Met code)RA Resolution Advisory (TCAS)RAA Regional Airline Association (USA) www.raa.orgRAD ALT Radio AltitudeRAD/INT Radio/InterphoneRAeS Royal Aeronautical Society (UK)RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity MonitoringRAPID Rapidly (Met code)RAS Radar Advisory ServiceRAS Rectified Air SpeedRCAU Remote Control Audio UnitRCDR RecorderRCL RecallRCP Radio Control PanelRCU Releasable Centring UnitRDPS Radar Data Processing SystemRE Recent (Met code)RECIRC RecirculationREV ReverseRGA Reverse Go-aroundRGB Reduction Gear BoxRH Right HandRIS Radar Information ServiceRLD Netherlands National Aviation Authority www.verkeerenwaterstaat.nl/?lc=ukRLY RelayRMI Radio (Radial) Magnetic IndicatorRNAV Area Navigation (Radio)RNP Required Navigation PerformanceROCD Rate of Climb or DescentRPL Repetitive Flight Planrpm Revolutions per MinuteRQD RequiredRSA Runway Safety AreaRSU Ruggedised Service UnitRT or R/T Radio TelephonyRTF RT (often with special reference to phraseology)RTF Return To FieldRTG Return To GateRTO Rejected Take-offRTO Reserve Take-offRTOW Regulated Take-off WeightRUD RudderRVDT Rotary Variable Differential Transducer (signals position of flight controls).RVR Runway Visual RangeRVSM Reduced Vertical Separation MinimumRWY, Rwy Runway

S/O Shut OffSA Sand (Met code)

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SA Situational AwarenessSAC Source Area CodeSAE Society of Automotive Engineers www.sae.orgSAFA Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft www.jaa.nl/safa/safa.htmlSAP Standby Annunciate PanelSAR Specific Air RangeSAR Search and RescueSARPS Standards and Recommended Practices (ICAO)SAT Static Air TemperatureSATCOM Satellite CommunicationsSB Service BulletinSBTC Standby Bus Transfer ConnectorSBY StandbySC Single ChimeSC Start ContactorSC Stratocumulus (Met code)SCAT-I Special Category ISCATANA Security Control of Air Traffic and Navigation AidsSCS Standby Control SystemSCT Scattered (Met code)SCU Signal Conditioning UnitSDF Simplified Directional FacilitySDTC Static Inverter Override Transfer ContactorSEI Standby Engine IndicatorSEL SelectorSFC Specific Fuel ConsumptionSG Snow Grains (Met code)SGU Symbol Generator UnitSH Showers (Met code)SHK Swedish Accident Investigation Board www.havkom.se/index-eng.htmlSHP Shaft Horse PowerSIC Source Identification CodeSID Standard Instrument DepartureSISG Safety Improvements Sub Group (of Eurocontrol)SKC Sky Clear (Met code)SMF Separation Monitoring Function (UK NATS)SMK SmokeSMKG SmokingSMS Safety Management SystemSN Snow (Met code)SO Systems OperationSOAP Spectroscopic Oil Analysis ProgrammeSOB Son of a BitchSOFIA Sequentially Outlining & Follow Up Integrated Analysis (Eurocontrol)SOIR Simultaneous Operations on Intersecting RunwaysSOPs Standard Operating ProceduresSOV Shut Off ValveSPD SpeedSPECI Non-routine encoded weather reportSPLR SpoilerSPLY SupplySPS Standard Positioning SystemSPS Stall Protection SystemSPS Standard Pressure Setting (1013Mb)SQ Squalls (Met code)SQS Safety, Quality Management and Standardisation (EATMP Unit)SRA Surveillance Radar ApproachSRA Special Rules AreaSRG Safety Regulation Group (of UK CAA)SS Sand Storm (Met code)SSA Sector Safe AltitudeSSAP Strategic Safety Action Plan for Enhanced ATM Safety in a Single Pan-European Sky (AGAS)

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SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar (transponder)SSR Service Bus Select RelaySSS System / Subsystem SpecificationsST Stratus (Met code)STAB Stabiliser, StabilisationSTAR Standard Terminal Arrival RouteSTBY StandbySTCA Short Term Conflict Alert (Air Traffic Warning System)STD State Transition DiagramSTEADES Safety Trend Evaluation Analysis & Data Exchange System www.iata.org/soi/safety/steades/index

STEP Safety Tool for Experience Feedback and Prevention (CENA)STPD Standard Temperature, Pressure, Dry. (0°C, 760 mmHg and no water vapour)STR Service Bus Transfer RelaySTRG SteeringSVCE ServiceSVS Synthetic Vision SystemSW SwitchSYNPHR SynchrophaserSYS System

T/O (TO) Take-offTA Traffic AdvisoryTA Transition AltitudeTACAN Tactical Air NavigationTAF Encoded aerodrome forecast (Met code)TAIC Transport Accident Investigation Commission (New Zealand) www.taic.org.nz/index.htmlTAR Terminal Approach RadarTAR Terminal Arrival RouteTAS True AirspeedTAT Total Air TemperatureTAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning SystemTBD To Be DeterminedTBN To Be NotifiedTC Take-off (Climb Cruise)TC Terminal Control (Airfield)TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance SystemTCS Touch Control SteeringTCU Towering Cumulus (Met code)TCV Temperature Control ValveTD Tactical DecisionTDA Temporary Danger AreaTEMP TemperatureTEMPO Temporarily (Met code)TGT TargetTGT Turbine Gas (Gate) TemperatureTHP Thrust Horse PowerTIT Take-off (Initial Climb)TIT Turbine Inlet TemperatureTK TankTKOF Take-off end of runway (Met code)TL Transition LevelTL Until (Met code)TLU Travel Limiting UnitTM Torque MotorTMC Thrust Management ComputerTMS Traffic Management SystemTMS Thrust Management SystemTMN True Mach NoTOGA Take Off Go Around (autothrottle setting)TODA Take Off Distance AvailableTODR Take Off Distance Required

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TOKAI Tool Kit for ATM Occurrence Investigation (Eurocontrol)TORA Take Off Run AvailableTORR Take Off Run RequiredTOW Take-off weightTOWS Take-off Windshear (autothrottle setting)TQ (TRQ) TorqueTRA Temporary Restricted AreaTRACON Terminal Radar ControlTRP Thrust Rating PanelTRU Transformer Rectifier UnitTRUCE Training in Unusual Circumstances and EmergenciesTS Thunderstorm (Met code)TS Track ServerTSA Transportation Security Administration (USA) www.tsa.dot.gov/publicTSB(C) Transportation Safety Board of Canada www.bst.gc.ca/en/index.aspTSCU Torque Signal Conditioner UnitTSO Technical Standard OrderTTG Time To GoTTL Take-off Torque LimiterTWS Technical Watch Supervisor

U/F Under FloorU/T Under TrainingUAS Upper AirspaceUBC Utility Bus ContactorUHF Ultra High FrequencyUIR Upper Flight Information Region (above FL245)UKAB United Kingdom Airprox Board www.ukab.org.uk ULD Unit Load Device (cargo container)UNCPL UncoupleUNDV UndervoltageUNLK UnlockUSB Upper SidebandUSL Under Slung LoadUTC Coordinated Universal TimeUTLY UtilityUTRS Universal Technical Resource Services Inc.uVe uVe Aviation (safety consultants and training providers) www.uve-aviation.com

V Variable wind direction (Met code)V1 Take-off Decision SpeedV2 Take-off Safety SpeedV2MIN Minimum Takeoff Safety SpeedV3 All Engines Screen SpeedV4 All Engines Steady Initial Climb SpeedVA Volcanic Ash (Met code)VASI(S) Visual Approach Slope Indicator (System)VAT Target Threshold SpeedVAT0 Target Threshold Speed for Max Landing FlapVAT1 Target Threshold Speed for 1 Engine Out LandingVAT2 Target Threshold Speed for 2 Engine Out LandingVCH Visual Committal HeightVEF The speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoffVENT VentilationVERT VerticalVFE Maximum Speed for Flap ExtensionVFR Visual Flight RulesVFTO Final Takeoff SpeedVHF Very High FrequencyVLE Maximum Speed with Landing Gear ExtendedVLO Maximum Speed for Landing Gear OperationVIMD Speed for Minimum Drag

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VIMP Speed for Minimum PowerVMC Visual Meteorological ConditionsVMC Minimum Control Speed with one engine inoperativeVMCA Minimum Control Speed in FlightVMCG Minimum Control Speed on or near the GroundVMCL Minimum Control Speed During LandingVMO Maximum Operating SpeedVNAV Vertical NavigationVNE Never Exceed SpeedVNO Maximum Speed for Normal OperationsVOLMET Meteorological Information for Aircraft In FlightVOR VHF Omni-directional Range Navigation SystemVORTAC Collocated VOR and TACANVR Rotation SpeedVRA Rough Air SpeedVREF Reference Landing SpeedVS Stall SpeedVSI Vertical Speed IndicatorVT Threshold SpeedVTmax Maximum Threshold SpeedVU Visual UnitVV Vertical Visibility (Met code)

W/B Weight & BalanceWAAS Wide Area Augmentation SystemWAN Wide Area NetworkWARN WarningWAT Weight, Altitude, TemperatureWBM Weight and Balance ManualWEU Warning Electronic UnitWG Working GroupWGL Wireless GroundlinkWIP Work In ProgressWOW Weight on WheelsWS Wind Shear (Met code)WV Wake VortexWVAS Wake Vortex Advisory SystemsWVRS Wake Vortex Reporting System

XFEED CrossfeedXFR Transfer

YD Yaw DamperYSAS Yaw Stability Augmentation System

ZA Aircraft AltitudeZFW Zero Fuel WeightZP Pressure AltitudeZRA Radio Altimeter Altitude