ABC-UL ENGLEZEI PE GLOB

BASIC ENGLISH WORLDWIDE

BY LILY HUZDUP

DONATII IN CONTUL :

RO16 MILB 0000 0000 B0268 9640 /MILLENIUM BANK /LILIANA HUZDUP

I.THE VERB

1.PRESENT SIMPLE

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:short infinitive I speak, you speak, she speaksNEGATIVE:don't/doesn/t+short infinitive I don't speak/she doesn't speakINTERROGATIVE:do/does+short infinitive

Do I speak?/Does she speak?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:don't/doesn't

Don't I speak/Doesn't she speak?

It is used with : usually, often, always, every day/week/year/in the morning/afternoon, at night, at the weekend, on Monday.

The verbs ending in y receive an -i at the third person singular.to try-tries

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLERepeated actions and daily routines He goes to work every morning.General truths Water boils at 100 degrees.Official timetables and programmes The plane arrives at 8:30.Commentaries,reviews, narration She speeds up in the end and wins the

race.

2.PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE: subject+to be+shirt infinitive+ing

I am dancing

NEGATIVE:to be+not+short infinitive+ing I am not reading INTERROGATIVE:to be+subject+short Am I dancing?

infinitive+ingINTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:To be+not+subject+short infinitive+ing

Am I not reading?

It is used with :now, at the moment, at present, these days, still, nowadays, today, tonight.Verbs not used in the continuous aspect:verbs of senses(feel, hear), verbs expressing emotions (adore, desire, dislike), verbs of mental activity (agree, assume, believe, forget, expect), verbs of possession (own, possesion).

Exceptions:

EXCEPTION MEANINGI am seeing a doctor Meeting himI am having lunch Eating itI am having my hair cut Somebody else is doing it for meI am tasting the cake Performing the activity of tasting

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEActions taking place in the moment of speaking

What are you doing now?

Temporary actions I am walking to work this week.Actions expressing irritation, annoyance, anger

You are always interrupting me!

Personal plans Next week, I/m leaving for Sibiu.Changing or developping situations It is getting late.

3.PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:have/has+third form of the verb

I have done my job

NEGATIVE:have+not+third form of the You haven't done yours.

verbINTERROGATIVE:have/has+subject+the third form of the verb

Have they done their job?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:have/has+subject+not+the third form of the verb

Hasn't she done hers?

It is used with:for, since, already, just, ever, never, so far, today, this week/year, how long, lately, recently, still(negations)

HAVE GONE AND HAVE BEEN TO

She has gone to the market(she hasn't come back yet)She has been to Rome twice(has visited, she has come back)

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEUnfinished action I have known you for yearsAction recently finished in which we see the result

She has washed her dress

Past action in which we are not interested in the time

My uncle has bought a house

Action happened over a specific period of time (today, tomorrow,this week)

I have read 10 pages today

4.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE: have/has been+short infinitive+ing

I have been reading for two hours

NEGATIVE:have not/has not been+short infinitive+ing

She hasn't been reading for more than five minutes

INTERROGATIVE:have/has+subject+been+short infinitive+ing?

Have you been reading?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:have/has =subject+not+been+short infinitive+ing

Haven't they been reading?

It is used with:for, since, how long, lately, recently

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLETo emphasize the duration of an action She has been running for an hourPast action with the visible result Her arms hurt.She has been working too

much.To express anger, irritation, annoyance You have been giving away your plans.

5.PAST SIMPLE

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:short infinitive+ed (regular)or second form of the verb(irregular)

I played two days agoI ate a pizza yesterday

NEGATIVE: did not+short infinitive I didn't buy anythingINTERROGATIVE:did+subject+short infinitive

Did you finish your job?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE: did+subject_not+short infinitive

Didn't you grow vegetables in the garden?

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEAction that happened at a definite time in the past

We went home last night

Actions happened one after the other I paid the driver and I got off.Past habits or states Everything was different a hundred years

ago.After wish, as if, as though, if only , would rather

I wish I were hereI would rather you went there

USED TO/BE USED TO/GET USED TO/WOULD

USE /SITUATION EXAMPLEPast habits and states We used to travel a lotRepeated actions We used to have lunch in the family on

SundayA habit I am not used to not finding public toilets.Becoming accustomed with something I am getting used to the cold weather

6.PAST CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:subject+was/were+short infinitive+ing

I was writing an email yesterday at noon

NEGATIVE:subject+was /were not+short infinitive+ing

You weren't reading

INTERROGATIVE:was/were+subject+short infinitive+ing

Was she digging in the garden last week?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:was/were+subject+not+short infinitive+ing

Weren't you listening?

It is used with:while, when, as , all morning/evening, day

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEAction in progress at a certain time in the They were taking pictures yesterday at 12

past o'clockLong action interrupted by short action I was having a rest when she sent me a

messageTwo long simultaneous actions I was cooking while he was writingSetting the atmosphere The birds were singing, the trees were

blossoming and the wind was blowing gently

7.PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:had+the third form of the verb

I had finished dinner before I went out

NEGATIVE:had not+the third form of the verb

You hadn't finished your work yet

INTERROGATIVE:had+subject+the third form of the verb

Had they done their job?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:had+subject+not+the third form of the verb

Hadn't they forgot anything?

It is used with:before, after, never, already, just, for, since, till/until,by the time.

USE /SITUATION EXAMPLEPast action that took place before another past action

I had finished washing before the phone rang.

Action endede in the past, result visible in the present

He was happy.He had closed the deal.

8.PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE: had been+short infinitive+ing

I had been speaking for 2 minutes when you saw me

NEGATIVE: had not been+short infinitive+ing

You hadn't been running at all when winter came

INTERROGATIVE:had+subject+been+short infinitive+ing

Had you been following mother's footsteps?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:had+subject+not+been+short infinitive+ing

Hadn't you been speaking to her?

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEEmphasizes the duration of a past action He had been looking for a flat for more

than two years before he found oneA past action whose result could be seen He was succesfull. He had worked hard.

9.FUTURE SIMPLE

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:will+short infinitive I will write you tomorrowNEGATIVE:will not +short infinitive She will not comeINTERROGATIVE;will+subject+short infinitive

Will they go?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:will+subject+not+short infinitive

Won't they plan their trip?

It is used with: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/year, in a week, month.

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEPredictions I'm afraid I won't be there in time

Decisions taken on the spot I'll take the orange juice, pleasePromisses, offers, requests, hopes, warnings

Will you help me please?

Future events that cannot be taken under control

The temperature will reach 42 degrees next week.

10.FUTURE CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:will+be+short infinitive+ing

I will be dancing this time tomorrow

NEGATIVE:will+not+be+short infinitive+ing

You won't be readind

INTERROGATIVE:will+subject+be+short infinitive+ing

Will they be drawing?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE:will+subject+not+be+short infinitive+ing

Won't she be singing?

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEAction in progress in a future moment I will be travelling next monthAction which will happen as a result of an arrangement

I''ll be seeing a specialist designer tomorrow

Plans for the near future Will you be lending me the bike?

11.FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:will+have+third form of the verb

She will have finished her essay by 8 o'clock

NEGATIVE: will+not+have+third form of the verb

We won't have come unless you called us

INTERROGATIVE:will+subject+have+third form of the verb

Will you have been travelling all summer?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE;will+subject+not+have+third form of the verb

Won't she have chosen her way back to the challet?

It is used with: before, by, by then, by the time, until/till

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEFor a future action finished before another future action/moment in the future

She will have finished her job before dark.

12.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLEAFFIRMATIVE:will+have+been+short infinitive+ing

By the end of the week, I will have been digging for ten hours

NEGATIVE;will+not+have+been+short infinitive+ing

By the end of the year, you will not have been watching 10 old movies

INTERROGATIVE:will+subject+have+been+short infinitive+ing

Will she have been listening to her?

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE: will +subject+not+have+been+short infinitive+ing

Won't they have been speaking Spanish for five years now?

It is used with by.........for.

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLEEmphasizes the duration of an action up to a certain future moment

By the time you reach Paris, you will have been flying for two hours

OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE:

USE/SITUATION EXAMPLETo be to I am to visit Rome next monthTo be about to I'm about to leaveTo be due to The train is due to arriveTo be bound to My plan is bound to succeedTo be going to I/m going to buy a house

II.MODAL VERBS

Characteristics:

1.They are defective(lack some verbal forms)2.They don't receive -s in the third person singular.3.They form the interrogative with inversion(without auxiliary)4.They are followed by the short infinitive

I.CAN/COULD

can=to be able to/to be capable of

It expresses :

-ability

I can speak four languages.

-permission

Can I borrow your pen?

-possibility(present or past)

You can ski now(there is enough snow)She could have helped me.

-polite request

Can you wait a few moments, please?

-negative deduction:

You can't be broke;you have just received a large sum of money!

II.MAY/MIGHT

may=be allowed to/be permitted to

It can express:

-permission

May I go now?

-polite request

May I wait here?

-present or future possibility

He may come soon.

-speculation

He might have arrived

III.MUST/HAVE TO/NEED

*must expresses an inner obligation:

I must go now(it's my decision)

*have to expresses an obligation that comes from the outside:

You have to call first when you come to visit.

*mustn't expresses prohibition:

You mustn't shout out loud!

*needn't expresses lack of obligation:

You needn't buy all these things!

*must also expresses a logical deduction(or a past deduction):

She must be at home by now.She must have worked very hard.

IV.SHALL/SHOULD

It expresses:-an obbligation

I shall bring you all the documents.

-a suggestion, an order, an offer

I suggest we should leave nowShall I bring you a coffee?

-a supposition

He should be there by now

-unfulfillment of an obligation:

We should have talked to them .

V.OUGHT TO

It expresses:

-an obligation or a moral duty

You ought to help your parents.

-an unfulfillled duty

I ought to have written all the details.

VI/WILL/WOULD

It expresses:

-an impersonal command

You will come here at once!

-the determination for an action

He will study design whatever his parents say.

-a repeated action

He will sit on the bench for hours

-an invitation

Will you have a cup of coffee?

-a spontaneous intention

I''ll fetch you some fruits.

-a request

Would you do me a favour?

-a probability

That would be their house

III.PASSIVE VOICE

Form:the verb to be+3rd form of the verb

Active: Passive:I write a letter A letter is written by me.I have painted the floor Ther floor has been painted by me.

Technique:the object of the active clause becomes subject of the passive clause.

Personal/Impersonal constructions:It is believed that he lied in front of the jury.He is believed to have lied in front of the jury.

IV.IF CLAUSES

TYPE 0 IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSEPresent simple Present simple

If it's sunny, there is much light in the room.

TYPE 1 IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSEPresent Future/Modal

If it's warm, we'll go walking in the woods.

TYPE 2 IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSEPast simple/continuous Would/could/might

If we work hard, we might succeed.

TYPE 3 IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSEPast perfect(had+3rd form) Would/could/might+3rd

form

If we had known,we could have done something better.

Other ways of forming conditional:

-unless

Unless you help me, I won't finish my essay.

-providing/provided that

I''ll do that provided that I have some free time.

-what if

What if he needs it?

-but for

But for your advice, I wouldn't have managed.

-suppose

Supposing you were broke, what would you do?

-in case of

In case of a fire, call me!

-were

If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

-omission of if:

Should he fail, it would be a great disappointmentWere he more attentive, he would never make mistakes.Had she known this,she wouldn't have involved in uncertain situation.

V.IMPERSONAL MOODS:

1.SUBJUNCTIVEA.Synthetical

Present subjunctive=short infinitive

God save the queen!Heaven help us!

Past subjunctive=past tense

I wish I were abroad.It's high time for you to understand the whole situation.

Past perfect subjunctive=past perfect

You speak as if/as though you heaven't heard the news

B.Analitycal

shall/should+infinitive:

I have decided that she shall leave this place.They suggest that you should say the truth.

may/might+infinitive:

May all your dreams come true!She stood near the window so that she might breath fresh air.

-no matter. Whatever

No matter what they say, I'll do what I feel it's right!

-wish:

I wish I would come to visit you.

2.IMPERATIVE

Form: short infinitive Go!(second person)/ Let me/him go!(first and third person)Don't go/don't let me go!

It is used for:-emphasisDo be careful!

-command:You two wash the dishes!Will you show me the way?(checking if the person is willing to do this)

3.INFINITIVE

It has two tenses:present(to go) and perfect(to have gone)I want to go thereHe proved to have done the right thing(an action that preceeds the present moment)

Long infinitive:

to sing

Short infinitive:

sing

The short infinitive is used after modal verbs, verbs of perception, had better, would rather:

I can see that everything is ok.I heard you say those words.You had better stay here.

Constructions:*Accusative+infinitiveI saw her shut the window.I want him to understand the truth.I thought it to be right.It's difficult for him to take a decision.

*Nominative+infinitive

She was known to be agreat singerThey seem to know the answers.I was lucky to find a treasure.

4.GERUND

Present:verb+ingThe idea of dancing pleased me

Perfect:having+3rd form

Your having danced pleased me.

Characteristics:-it can have a plural form;comings and goings-it can be preceeded by a noun, adjectiveTom's arriving/his arriving-it can have a tenseyour comingyour having said that

Examples:

-No smoking!(prohibition)

-I accused him of doing that(after verb+preposition)

-I'm interested in studying Geography(phrasal verbs)

-It's pleasure of meeting you(noun+preposition)

5.PARTICIPLE(PRESENT AND PAST)

Present:verb+ing=speaking

I saw you dancing

Past:having+3rd form =having spoken

Having understood the matter , made me more flexible.

Constructions:

-Accusative+participle:

I saw him reading.

-Nominative+participle:

He was seen leaving the place.

-Absolute nominative:

Weather permitting, we will go on a trip.

-Absolute participle:

Juding by appearances, he was right

The past participle can be used as an adjective(a forgotten story) or as a verb (I have seen that film) or as a part of constructions:

-Our work being ready, we went home(Absolute participle)-I saw his name written there(Accusative with participle)

VI.REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECHPresent simpleI want a dress

Past simpleShe said she wanted a dress

Present continuousI'm working now.

Past continuousShe said she was working then

Present perfectI've had lunch

Past perfectHe said he had had lunch.

Past simpleI went to the shop yesterday.

Past perfectHe said he had gone to the shop yesterday.

Past continuous I was sleeping at two o'clock last night.

Past perfect continuousShe said she had been sleeping at two o'clock the night before.

FutureI will call you tomorrow.

Conditional(would)She said she would call me the next day.

Time expression changing:

now then , at that timetoday that daytonight that nightyesterday the day beforetomorrow the next daythis week that weeklast week the week beforenext week the week aftertwo days ago two days beforehere there

Reported questions:

Did you go there, she asked.She asked if you had gone there

VII.SEQUENCE OF TENSES

MAIN CLAUSE SUBORDINATE CLAUSEPRESENTPRESENT PERFECTFUTURE

ANY TENSE REQUIRED BY THE MEANING

I know that Mary will go to Bucharest tomorrow.I have found out that she would leave the town next week.

MAIN CLAUSE SUBORDINATE CLAUSEPast simple-anterior action Past perfectPast simple-simultaneous action Past simplePast simple-posterior action Future in the past

I found out that he had been there.

I foundout that he was there.I found out that he would be there.

TIME CLAUSES:

MAIN CLAUSE SUBORDINATE CLAUSEFuture-simultaneous action presentFuture-anterior action present perfect

She will tel us the truth when she knows it.She will tell us the truth after she has known it.

VIII.QUESTION TAGS

SENTENCE TAG QUESTIONHe can swim(affirmative) can't he(negative)He plays tennis(affirmative), doesn't he?(negative)He won't come tomorrow(negative), will he?(affirmative)

IX.LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

FIRST FORM SECOND FORM THIRD FORMbe was/were beenbear bore bornbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild buit built

burn burnt burntbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtcome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gotgive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhold held heldkeep kept keptknow knew known

lay laid laidlead led ledlearn learnt learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlight lit litlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put putread read readride rode riddenring rang rungrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sent sentset set setshake shake shakeshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow showed shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsit sat satsleep slept slept

smell smelt smeltspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentspread spread spreadspring sprang sprungstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstick stuck stucksting stung stungstrike struck struckswear swore swornsweep swept sweptswim swam swamtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodwake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

X.THE NOUN

The nouns are simple(arm,board) and compound (armchair, boy friend),common (table, wood)) and proper(Deborah, john), formed with prefixes (disability,supermarket) and suffixe(Yorkshire,Scotsman).

The common nouns are countable (pencil ,girl, dog) and uncountable (advice, anger, food,)

Nouns expressing

-amounts:*a piece of*a bar of*a slife of*a drop of*a loaf of*a lump of*a pinch of*a portion of

-containers:*a bottle of milk

a mug of cocoa

-measures*gallon of petrol*a pair if glasses

Collective nouns: a band of musicians(people),a pack of wolves(animals), a bunch of flowers (plants), a set of china (things)

Regarding gender, nouns are masculin(actor) and feminin (actress).

The formation of plural:-nouns ending in y:

country countries (changing y in I and adding -es)

-nouns ending in o:

cuckoo cuckoos

-nouns ending in f/fe

belief beliefs (turning f into v, addind -es)

-nouns ending in th:

month months

Irregular plurals:

brotehr bretherntooth teethchild childrenmouse micewoman women

Nouns used only in the singular(singularia tantum):advice, business, knowledge, news, luggage, money, weather.

Nouns used only in the plural(pluralia tantum):-clothes:-diseases:-tools:-sciences:-geographical names:-miscellaneous

case:-nominative

The boys are playingt tennisHe is a lawyer.

-accusative

I saw a boy in the street

-genitive

I'm going to buy today's paper(synthetical)The windows of the room are open(analytical)

-dative

He told a story to the child.

XI.THE ARTICLE

There are three articles in English:-the definite article(the)-the indefinite article(a, an)-the zero article

The definite article is used :-when expressing unique things the sun, the earth, the Bible-before names:the Danube, the Times

The indefinite article is used:-when expressing one Can I have an apple?-with measurements 80 km an hour/twice a week-in phrases: as a rule, as a reward, at a distance, all of a sudden, in o low voice, to have a fancy for

The zero article is used:-with nouns with general meaning life, love, liberty-with names of material iron, gold, cotton-with names of subjects chemistry, maths-with months and seasons February is the last winter month-in a number of phrases: arm in arm, face to face,from top to bottom, to make fun of, beyond hope,at dawn/night, to be in debt

XII.THE ADJECTIVE

The adjectives are formed with prefixes(supernatural) and suffixes (economical).

The -ed and -ing adjectives:

amazed amazingembarassed embarassingpleased pleasingsurprised surprising

Adjectives designating nationalities:

Canadian the CanadiansChinese the ChinesePolish the PolesScottish the ScotsAmerican the AmericansFinnish the FinnsSweedish The Sweeds

The comparison of adjectives:

Type of adjective The positive degree The comparative degree The superlative degreeShort adjective bold as bold as

bolderless bold than

the boldest

Long adjective beautiful as beautiful as more beautiful thanless beautiful than

the most beautiful

Irregular short adjectives:

good better the bestbad worse the worstmuch/many more the mostlittle less the least

Idioms:

as blind as a batas brave as a lionas fresh as a daisyas obstinate as a muleas graceful as a swana drunk as a lordas proud as a peacock

to do one's best=to do everything possiblesafe and sound=very healthysick and tired=very boredup and going=very energetic

Types of adjectives:

-possesive adjectives

I my bookyou your bookhe, she his book/her bookwe our bookyou your bookthey their book

-demonstrative adjectives

this ball these balls

that ball those balls

such a (he is such a man)the other (the other child stayed at home) the same (we have the same opinions)

-interrogative adjectives

what What book did you read?which Which painting do you like best?whose Whose house is this?

-relative adjectives:

I told him what to do.

Tha girl whose hair is red is my friend.

-indefinite adjectives:

some They gave me some information about the conference.any I didn't know any of this piece of news.no I have no money today.

each-refers to all members

Each pupil had a bag

every-refers to people as a a group

Every man in the group carries a lantern

idioms:every now and then

all-entire quantity

All people sleep at night.

whole-complete

He read the whole book.

either -one or another of the two

You can take either book, it's not important.

neither-not one and not the other

I offered him three solutions, he accepted neither.

both -two persons/things considered together

Both men are charming.

several-a large but indefinite number

I waited for several months.

other-something different

I asked him other questions.

another-different or additional

Can I have another coffee?

XII.THE PRONOUN

The personal pronoun: I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they.

She is a wonderful woman.

The case:

Accusative-Dative(object): (to )me, (to )you,( to) her, (to )him, (to )it, (to )us,(to) you, (to )them.

I talked to him.

The pronoun it:

-impersonal it:It is seven o'clock-introductory it:It is quite easy to learn this rule.It is last week that I saw him.

The possessive pronoun:mine, yours,his, hers,ours,yours,theirs.

Is this pen yours?

The demonstrative pronoun: this, that, these, those.

This ball is made of rubber.Those balls are made of silver.

The reflexive pronoun:myself, yourself,himself, herself, itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves.

Ex:Help yourself!Enjoy oneself!

The indefinite pronoun:somebody, something, anybody, anything,nobody, nothing.

There's somebody on the phone.

Other indefinite pronouns:all, both, either, neither,little, a little, each,, much, many, few, a few, another, others, the other, several, enough,one.

We have been thinking for several days now.

The reciprocal pronoun: each other, one another.

We love each other

The relative pronouns:who, whom, whose, which, that

This is the man to whom I gave some papers.

The interrogative pronouns:who, whose, whom,what, which.

Whose pen is this?

XII.THE NUMERAL

Cardinal numerals:

1=one2=two3=three4=four5=five6=six7=seven8=eight9=nine10=ten11=eleven12=twelve.

20=twenty30=thirty40=fourty....100=one hundred..1000=one thousand1547=one thousand and fourty seven

Ways of calculating:

addition: 1+4 one plus four is five

subtraction:5-3 five take way three is two

multiplication:2x4 four times two is eight

division:8:4 eight divided by four is two

Telling the time:

It's two o'clockIt's a quarter past two.It's half past two.It's twenty to two.

Telephone numbers:

0733 566788 oh- seven-three-three-five-six-six-seven-eight-eight

Ordinal numerals:

the firstthe secondthe thirdthe fourththe fifththe sixththe sevenththe eighththe nineththe tenth.

the twentieth...

the one hundredth

Writing the date:

May 1st 2015

Collective numerals: couple, pair, dozen,score

Multiplicative numerals:double, threefold, fourfould,...tenfold

Distributive numerals: one by one, two by two, ten by ten

XIV.THE ADVERB

Adverbs of manner: accurately, carefully,delicately, warmly

I stepped carefully.

Adverbs of place:abroad, underwater,backwards,forward

He went abroad.

Adverbs of time:yesterday, today, last year, all day long

I came back yesterday.

Adverbs of degree: almost, barely,extremely, fairly, rather

It is rather hot.