ABB Smart Meters

© ABB Group October 18, 2011 | Slide 1

Smart MetersTechnology and Application

Davide Malacalza, ABB, Low Voltage Products Division, October 2011

�© ABB Group

�October 18, 2011 | Slide 2

Agenda

� From Grid to Smart Grid

� The role of the consumer

� Energy metering technology

� Home Energy Management System: how Smart Meters can enable Personal Smart Grid concept

� Conclusions


Power System – Energy & Information FlowsFrom traditional grid to smart grid

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1 HV/MV substation 10 -100 MW (up to 10000 households)

2 MV/LV substation 100 kW – 10 MW (up to 1000 households)

3 Household connection point (up to 10 kW)

4 LV appliances (up to 5 kW)

5 Single component of the appliance (up to 5 kW)

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Ripple control

1 High voltage transmission level, >110 kV, meshed grid

2 Medium voltage distribution level, 6-35 kV, radial grid

3 Low voltage distribution level, <1000 V, radial grid

4 Low voltage household level

5 Appliance level

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Power SystemEnergy & Information flows

Power SystemEnergy & Information flows

Generation Transmission Distribution

Traditional Power System

Future Power System? (Smart Grids)

Consumer

Energy flow

Information flowGeneration Consumer

Generation Transmission Distribution „Prosumer“

Generation „Prosumer“

Energy flow

Information flow



History – Traditional meteringRelationship between DSO and Consumer

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� Distribution System Operator (DSO):Responsibility ends at the electricity meter

� Information exchange between DSO and consumer:How: via electricity bills What: Energy consumption only (integral of active power over time)Frequency: Few times a year

� Scenario: Fixed electricity tariffs – Measure consumed energy –Calculate the price – Send the bill (2x a year or monthly)

� Information not available: Actual power consumption (active, reactive), voltage, frequency etc.

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� Bi-directional communication between the DSO and the consumer so that DSO can:

� better understand consumer’s behavior and provide customized energy saving consultancy services

� reduce an O&M cost and use infrastructure assets more efficiently

� send signals to control customer’s load directly (e.g. water boiler) via RTP or dynamic power consumption limits

� In addition, HEMS enables a consumer to automatically run energy use optimization involving loads, local generation and energy storage and benefit from providing value added grid control services to the DSO within pre-existing agreements and without sacrificing the preferred comfort/lifestyle level

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Future - Smart Meters in Smart GridsRelationship between DSO and Consumer

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Bi-directional communication

Bi-directional communication

Data processing and analysis

Personal Smart Grid

Ripple control is a good example how utility can control specific customer loads directly, e.g. switch on/off electric water boilers or air conditioning


Smart Meters and Advanced Metering InfrastructureDefinition of AMI

� “Smart Metering” is a concept that is defined differently on different markets

� The Smart Metering concept is being continuously developed over time and each new “Smart Metering” definition includes new features

� “Smart Metering” is generally defined on a national level, either by local authorities or by the utilities (i.e. no international standard exists)

� “Smart Metering” functions normally include:

� Full two-way communication for remote reading and setting of data

� Encrypted communication required in some cases

� Time-of-Use (tariff handling)

� Import and export of energy (for micro-generation plants)

� Remote cut-off (required to be built-in to the meter in many cases)

� Reading and storing data from other meters (like water, gas, heat etc)

� Advanced data handling and storage like monthly values, daily values, load profiles, maximum demand, event logs for voltage and power quality etc

� Tampering detection

� Remote display (sometimes called in-house display)

� For displaying current consumption and information from Utility

� User administration (various user levels with passwords)

� Approval and verification for revenue metering, e.g. MID for EU/EEA

� Installation

� Besides functionality also the requirements on the dimension of the enclosure to the meter and electrical installation can vary from market to market and most often demanded by national standards or the Utilities (e.g. eHZ in Germany).


Smart Meters and Advanced Metering InfrastructureSmart Metering – New features

� Digital technology – Conventional analog meters must be read manually and the consumption calculated since the last reading. Smart meters enable data communication and can measure and deliver more information. More quantities can be stored and collected, meters can be re-programmed or re-configured remotely.

� Communications – Smart Metering enables long range communication with the energy company and short range links into the home. All collected data can be read remotely and tariffs can be updated remotely. Smart Metering provides a communication gateway that functions as an interface between devices in the home and provides customer with real time data.

� Control – Smart Metering allows for remote configuration and adjustamentwhich can be used in a number of ways:by the customer � e.g. for supplier switchingby supplier � for remote reconfiguration of the meter

(e.g. pay as you go meter)by both � The smart meter can be used as the interface

of a home automation network� Better operation of networks – Smart Metering can greatly assist the

network operator by providing detailed operating data from the ends of the network. Power Quality can be measured by the meter and the network adjusted to improve its overall operation. Outages or leakages can be detected faster and system recovery monitored � minimize inconvenience to customers.


Smart Meters and Advanced Metering InfrastructureSmart Metering – New options

� Conventional meters only allow to offer simple supply contract to their residential customers with a maximum of one or two rates.

� Smart Meters make it possible for suppliers to offer more varied contracts:�� Real time pricing (or TOU price based on Time of Usage) Real time pricing (or TOU price based on Time of Usage)

Reflecting the true cost of electricity with many peaks - the meter communications can be used to warn customer in advance before the peak rates apply.

�� Dynamic tariffsDynamic tariffs – Smart metering allows for greater flexibility in supply offers. Costumers can actively react to price signals.

�� Load management Load management – Suppliers can offer their customers a contract allowing the energy company to remotely adjust the customers’ load.

�� True interval data billing True interval data billing – It allows the customer to be charged for the actual cost of electricity used instead of receiving estimated bills.

�� PrePre--paymentpayment – Smart meters can be instantaneously remotely configured according to e.g. credit card payment.

�� ProsumersProsumers – Decentralized generation of energy such as solar and wind power, will become more important in future. The traditional customers role will change – he can become either energy producer or consumer. Smart meters can support this by instantaneous measurements and communication of data.


Smart Meters and Advanced Metering InfrastructureSmart Metering – Simplest way to a higher efficiency

� Give consumers more information on their energy consumption andenable “prosumers” – availability of measured data (feed-back) will raise consumers’ awareness of their energy use and allow them to make informed decisions on heating, lighting and appliances usage & upgrades.

“Smart metering, combined with direct customer feed-back has been shown to increase energyefficiency by 5-20%”(European Smart Metering Industry Group study)

ABB Electricity MetersCompact and approved

� DELTAmax, an advanced 4-quadrant meter for 3 phase applications� Class 1 (B), Active or combined import and export of energy, CTVT or up to 80 A direct

� Load profile, monthly or daily values, max demand, THD up to 9th harmonic, event log

� Optional multi-tariff handling (controlled via inputs, communication or internal clock)

� DELTAplus, a wide range for advanced 1 and 3 phase applications� Class 1 (B) and 2 (A), Active or combined energy, CTVT or up to 80 A direct

� Optional multi-tariff handling (controlled via inputs or communication)

� DELTAsingle, an advanced single phase meter� Class 1 (B), optional multi-tariff handling (internal clock) and monthly values, up to 80 A direct

� ODINsingle, a basic single phase meter

� Optional resettable register, up to 65 A direct

� EQ C11, a compart single phase meter� Class 1 , Wireless communication, up to 40A direct

� All meters with IEC and MID approval

� Communication features� All meters prepared for external Serial Communication Adapters.

� M-Bus over TP, GSM/GPRS, Ethernet or RS-232

� KNX (i-bus)

� M-Bus (TP) and LonWorks FTT-10A built-in to DELTAplus as option

� M-Bus (TP) built-in to DELTAmax as option© ABB Group October 18, 2011 | Slide 12

ABB Electricity Meters – Modular approachCommunication Adapters – Wired & wireless…

M-Bus

Ethernet

GSM/GPRS

RS-232

KNX

Electricity MeterElectricity Meterwith SCA KNXwith SCA KNX

AdapterAdapter

Electricity MeterElectricity Meterwith SCA KNXwith SCA KNX

AdapterAdapter

EIB unitEIB unit



� HEMS balances the end-user’s comfort, cost and lifestyle preferences in the face of uncertain conditions regarding the price of electricity, weather and grid conditions

� Minute-to-minute HEMS decisions include scheduling and shifting of:

� Consumption of electric appliances

� Charging/discharging of energy storage devices

� Power generation

� Power exchanges with distribution system operator

� Appropriate methods for sequential decision making under uncertainty:

� Rule-based

� Stochastic Dynamic Programming

� Model-base Predictive Control

Smart Meters and AMIHome Energy Management System

ComfortPanel

� High end TFT-touch display for visualization and control of functions

� KNX functions light scenes, room control

� Multimedia mp3-, video player

� Email, web cam, RSS-feeds

� Twisted Pair- und PowerLine-Module, integrated KNXnet/IP-Router

� Processing > 8000 Data points per second

Home Energy Management System The interface to HEMS

� Measuring / (sub)-metering tariff options

� Communication / visualization with / for end user

� Switching on / off and delaying loadslight, blinds, heating, HVAC, security through KNX (i-bus) technology

� Data conversion and communication between smart home and outside

� Integration of renewables solar, heating pumps, “small” wind

� Demand response

� Electric vehicles

Home Energy Management System Components for Building Automation and Control

© ABB Group 2009-07-14 | Slide 17


Home Energy Management System e-Mobility

Charger for electricl vehicle (AC)

� 1-phase / 3-phase

� Mode 3 functionality according to IEC61851

� Touch screen display

� Authentication through RFID

� GPRS communication capability

� Residual and surge protection integrated


Smart Meters and AMIMain components, infrastructure, applications

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*) in Germany it is not a smart meter it is the “MUC”(Multi-Utility Control) which collects and sends data to the utility and consumer

BLUE –electrical connection

GREEN –in-house communication to appliances, local generation and energy storage incl. electricity sub-metering

RED –communication to other billing meters, e.g. water, heat, gas

YELLOW –communication to the energy market (real time price)

BROWN –communication to the DSO or 3rd party mediator (metering data�, weather forecast, fixed electricity tariffs TOU, direct load control, etc.�)

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1 Smart electricity meter* including integration of sub-metering (electricity, gas, water, heat, etc.)

2 Central control unit aka Energy Box with HEMS

3 Communicationin-house/outside

4 Controllable and non-controllable appliances

5 Local dispatchable and non-dispatchable power generation

6 Local stationary and mobile energy storage

7 Electrical connection to the distribution utility including circuit breaker/load switch for islanded operation


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1 Smart electricity meter* including integration of sub-metering (electricity, gas, water, heat, etc.)

2 Central control unit aka Energy Box with HEMS

3 Communicationin-house/outside

4 Controllable and non-controllable appliances

5 Local dispatchable and non-dispatchable power generation

6 Local stationary and mobile energy storage

7 Electrical connection to the distribution utility including circuit breaker/load switch for islanded operation

Smart Meters and AMIMain components, infrastructure, applications

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Please press the corresponding button to get a detailed information about available ABB and other products

BLUE –electrical connection

GREEN –in-house communication to appliances, local generation and energy storage incl. electricity sub-metering

RED –communication to other billing meters, e.g. water, heat, gas

YELLOW –communication to the energy market (real time price)

BROWN –communication to the DSO or 3rd party mediator (metering data�, weather forecast, fixed electricity tariffs TOU, direct load control, etc.�)


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Smart Meters and AMIWhen use, store or sell electricity?

micro CHP, fuel cells

photovoltaic panels, wind

plug-in or all electric vehicles

stationary batteries, heat and cool storage

lighting, entertainment, computers, communication, cooking, etc.

air conditioning, electric water heating, electric space heating, freezers and fridges, washing clothe/dish, tumbler, etc.

With distributed generation, local energy storage, and controllable appliances, the average consumer will have a wide range of electricity management options concerning when to use, store, or sell electricity back to the grid in response to current and forecasted electric grid conditions, electricity prices, and weather conditions.

This highly repetitive decision-making process under uncertain future conditions would heavily burden the average consumer unless there exists an easy-to-use, automated EMS that mimics the individual consumer’s decision making process under the same grid conditions.

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Smart Meters and AMIPossible operation scenarios

� Consumer receives information about the periods of power surplus/shortage in the grid (especially from renewable sources) from the electricity provider by means of various communication systems. This information may consists of electricity rates and/or power consumption levels. The broadcasting of the information may be randomized or varied in time locally to avoid that too many consumers are acting on the same signal at the same time

� The best strategy for a consumer is to link appliances to sustainable energy sources, like solar or wind energy or heat from CHP processes and there are several ways to realize it

� Scenario 1: the consumer has the full control whether to use the information or not and has to make his own decision manually:

� Available “start time delay” option of an appliance may be helpful� In case of RTP signals consumer behavior is less predictable. Consumer

acceptance may depend on the time of the day and season

� Scenario 2: the full control is in the hands of home energy management system (HEMS) which automatically reacts to incoming information

Scenario 1 Increase consumer’s awareness

Willingness to accept if additional costs are balanced by savings

If differentiated tariffs are offered, there is a willingness to use start delay function to save money

There is a large number of possible consumer decisions. Few examples:

- switch on/off appliances,- change appliance set point,- start time delay of an appliance,- sell locally generated energy to the utility,- charge local energy storage, etc.

Scenario 2 is quite similar to Scenario 1 where the action in respond to input signals is done by HEMS automatically based on pre-defined consumer preferences


Smart Meters and AMIPossible operation scenarios

� Scenario 3: some of the control was handed over to the intelligent appliances which then reacts to incoming signals

� Same information can be detected by the appliance and transferred into action. Action may be an immediate start as far as the appliance is in a start time delay or in a special “ready for operation” mode or change in appliance operation, e.g. washing machine interrupts the heating phase up to a certain time (short term breaks may not be recognized at all)

� Possible irritation of consumers when some appliance starts (e.g. during night) and stop at any time and impact on results (e.g. color fading when washing is delayed) may hamper a large-scale usage

� Scenario 4: the full control is in the hands of an external manager (e.g. electric utility) who decides about when and how often the appliance (in practice the control action is applied to a large number of same type appliances) is being switched on/off after it was set in a ready mode by the consumer (signals are being transmitted in a bi-directional way):

� Knowing the demand for the next few hours the utility tries to use as much renewable energy and energy from CHP as possible and optimizes the overall costs. Cost benefits must be transferred to the consumer. Consumer remains in the position to decide whether he wants to use this option or not

Scenario 3 energy utilities sponsor the implementation of PLC triggeredenergy management modules

Scenario 4 energy utilities sponsor the bi-directional communication

Using the warmth produced by a CHP, or a solar plant. This option is economically beneficial for the consumer without any incentive

Strategies for success:Promotion washing machines and dishwashers with direct use of renewable (or by CHP) produced heat


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Smart Meters and AMIHome Energy Management System

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Smart Meters and AMIHome Energy Management System: Example

Loads are shifted to a period of cheap electricity price via a delayed start


� A new approach to power generation and distribution is needed tobalance the current and future agenda about environment and energy consumption. The Smart Grids concept is the basement tobuild and develop such an aproach

� Shifting from Traditional Grid to Smart Grid is changing the idea of“use of electrical power”: the relevance is not only technological but will have also have an important impact on the consumer. The current consumer: she/he will become more and more “active” part of the network

� Standardization activities are a key issue to develop Smart Grids: product/solution development need international standards

� Smart Meters represent a corner stone to enable the shifting from Traditional Grid to Smart Grid. They represent the key link betweenbuildings and the power network

� ABB is committed to develop and support the implementation thatcan help customers to increase efficiency using less energy. Smart Meters represent a fundamental pillar of its strategy

Smart Meters and AMIConclusions


� The EU’s 20-20-20 goals (20% increase in energy efficiency, 20% reduction of CO2 emissions, and 20% renewables by 2020) alldepend on the re-configuration of the European electricity grid into a “smart grid”.

� These ambitious European targets mean a big change; not only the energy infrastructure must change, but also consumer behaviour. Smart Metering is an essential building block for the education and empowerment of customers, an essential development to make realenergy savings.

� According to the recently passed Internal Market for Electricity and Gas Directives, EU Member States must “ensure the implementationof intelligent metering systems.” The Electricity Directive foresees full deployment by 2022 at the latest, with 80% of consumers equippedwith Smart Metering systems by 2020.

� The standardization discussion in Europe is very much concerningMandate 441:

Smart Meters and AMIEuropean framework

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ABB Smart Meters