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    Rejuvenating the Tourism Destination, pp. 12-26

    K. H. Breitzmann, W. Sperling: MARITIME TOURISM IN MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA

    12

    KARL-HEINZ BREITZMANN, PhD, Full Professor

    WERNER SPERLING, PhD, Assistant ProfessorBaltic Institute of Marketing, Transport and Tourism

    Institute of Transport and Logistics, University of Rostock, Germany

    MARITIME TOURISM IN

    MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA

    STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL

    ECONOMIC EFFECTS

    UDC 338.48:658.8](430)

    Original scientific paper

    Maritime tourism plays a considerable and increasing role. Its most important segments are

    characterized as well as their development tendencies and effects.

    Key words: maritime tourism, incoming tourism, tourism marketing.

    1. AIM OF THE CONTRIBUTION

    For the federal land Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the northeast of theFederal Republic of Germany tourism is of extraordinary economic importance.

    This is justified both by the favorable natural and cultural conditions of the

    land for tourism and also in its economic structure, which expresses itself in a smallshare of processing industries in gross domestic production.

    Up to the year of 2003 a substantial and constant growth of the number of

    guests and their overnight stays was achieved until a decrease of the arrivals of guest

    had to be accepted for the first time in 2004, 2005 was marked by stagnation. Each part

    of the tourist supply is therefore of importance, in order to return to an upturn. Last butnot least the water tourism - the Maritime Tourism, as we call this range - plays a

    considerable and increasing role.

    We will describe the regional-economic effects of the tourism and themaritime tourism for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and define maritime tourism, in

    order to characterize the most important segments of this maritime tourism and their

    development tendencies.The basis forms a study concerning maritime tourism in Mecklenburg-

    Western Pomerania, which we worked out for the regional Ministry of Economic

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    Affairs1. Also some of the sub ranges were examined more in detail of our tourism- and

    transport students in theses (diploma) and seminar works.

    2. MARITIME TOURISM IN MECKLENBURG-WESTERN

    POMERANIA AND REGIONAL-ECONOMIC EFFECTS

    Since 1990 Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania has developed to one of theleading destinations in the German vacation tourism. (Place 2 behind the federal land

    Bavaria in number of the journeys). The number of overnight stays in commercial

    accommodation facilities could be increased threefold in opposite to 1992 (Table 1).

    This was made possible by high investments in tourist infrastructures and by thedevelopment of extent and quality of the entire tourist supply. The federal land

    supported this development with investments of 1.1 billion, which made private

    investments of 5.4 billion possible. A visible sign for it is the high increase in

    bedroom capacities. The number of beds in commercial accommodation facilities rosefrom 67,313 in the year 1992 to 188,924 in the year 20042.

    Table 1: Development of arrivals and nights spent in accommodation

    establishments / Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 1992 2004

    Year Arrivals

    (1000)

    Nights spent

    (1000)

    Average

    duration of

    stay (days)

    Average bed

    occupancy

    (%)

    1992 1,976 6,659 3.4 44.6

    1994 2,417 8,664 3.6 41.0

    1996 2,850 10,809 3.8 38.2

    1998 3,316 13,280 4.1 33.2

    2000 4,258 18,240 4.3 36.1

    2001 4,535 19,760 4.4 37.2

    2002 4,751 21,006 4.4 38.5

    2003 5,146 22,140 4.4 40.9

    2004 4,946 21,348 4.3 39.1

    Source: compiled from: Statistische Berichte Tourismus in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" (1992 2004),

    Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

    As economic factor the tourism in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania exhibits

    an above-average importance compared with other lands of the Federal Republic.Overnight and daily tourism together result a gross turnover of 3.5 billion (2003).

    1 Feige, M., Breitzmann, K.-H., Obenaus, H. et al: Entwicklungschancen des maritimen Tourismus in

    Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Studie fr das Wirtschaftsministerium Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin2000.

    2 Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Statistische Berichte Tourismus in Mecklenburg-

    Vorpommern Dezember 1992, Dezember 2004.

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    14

    The derivable contribution to the net domestic product is 1.7 billion and the

    share of the tourism of the entire net domestic product amounts to 7.4 %.Approximately 130,000 jobs result from tourism (hospitality industry, retail and other

    industries)3. A considerable part of more than 10% of this economic output is

    contributed by maritime tourism, for which excellent conditions exist in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

    As maritime tourism we understand thereby all the tourism supply, which

    use the open sea, territorial coastal waters, lakes, rivers and channels as natural basiccondition for various tourism activities.

    Figure 1:Water tourism areas in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

    Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania offers particularly favorable natural

    conditions for this maritime tourism. The land has 340 km of outer coast line at the

    Baltic Sea, 1130 km bay coast line, 60 islands, 2013 lakes with a total area of 724 kmand approx. 26000 km running water, with predominantly unspoiled and natural banks

    (Figure 1). The majority of the wide nature conservation areas of the land includes

    coastal and lake areas (like e.g. the national park `Mritz`, the national parks

    `Vorpommernsche Boddenlandschaft` and `Jasmund`, the national park `FeldbergerSeenlandschaft), the biosphere reserves `Sdostrgen` and `Schaalsee`, bird sanctuaries

    like the Wismarer Bucht`, the Greifswalder Bodden, the Peenetal` et al.

    To the maritime oriented original supply factors belong also importantcultural-historical conditions in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It is to refer to the

    3 Landestourismuskonzeption Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2010, S. 19,20.

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    15

    buildings and city ensembles from the days of the Hanseatic League, the typical flair of

    the seaside resorts and fishing villages, sea ports, lighthouses etc.In addition there are the derived (secondary) supply-components of maritime

    tourism in the shape of developed and guarded beaches, sea bridges, camping sites at

    the water, regatta areas, marinas, ship-jetties and water hiking resting places, boatmoorings, sails, motor and houseboats, rowing boats, canoes, kayaks, surf-, dipping-

    and fishing-equipment, ferry and cruise ships, traditional sailing ships etc. Sea and

    navigation museums as well as museum ships are also very popular.Based on the use and the interaction of these potential-factors exists a large

    number of tourism segments, which lead us to the definition of the maritime tourism.

    As the Figure 2represents, we did not take the largest segments - the beach and the

    bathing tourism as well as the camping tourism at the water - into the closer definition.This term should rather cover: the boat tourism and the different kinds of water sports,

    the excursion shipping, the sea and river cruising, the passenger ferry shipping and the

    touristic traditional shipping, maritime events, maritime culture tourism and last but not

    least the still underdeveloped maritime industry tourism.As evident from Table 2 for 1998, boat tourism and water tourism, maritime

    events, excursion shipping and passenger ferry shipping were the best-selling

    segments. Cruising and touristic traditional shipping were only niche markets.

    Table 2: Turnover and income effect of maritime tourism in Mecklenburg-

    Western Pomerania 1998

    Segment

    Average daily

    expenditure per

    day of stay ()

    Gross turnovers in

    million ()

    income-effect

    turnover from the

    1st+2

    ndturnover

    stage in million ()Boat tourism and

    water sport

    24.85 (without the rent

    of the boat)71.6 38.7

    Excursion

    shipping (onlytouristic

    passengers)

    21.73 26.1 14.1

    Cruise shipping

    (sea and river)28.38 1.5 0.8

    Passenger ferryshipping

    5.88 15.9 8.6

    Maritime events 20.45 40.9 22.1

    Touristic

    traditional

    shipping

    (excursions andmulti day trips)

    20.81 1.1 0.6

    Sum 17.6 157.1 84.9

    Source: dwif, OIR, FUR: Entwicklungschancen des maritimen Tourismus in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,

    Schwerin 2000, S. 106.

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    However since 1998 new developments have occurred and today we have also

    more exact dates. So the touristic sales of the cruising passengers and the crewmembers in Rostock in the year 2004 are estimated on 5.9 to 6.9 million. That is 60

    70 per visitor4. In addition more than 6 million come from the incomes of the port

    and service industry for the ship arrivals. Exclusively for the Hanse Sail we estimatethe touristic turnover 2005 on 177 million.

    Figure 2:Elements of maritime tourism

    4 Benkenstein, M., Bastian, J., in bbu: Zufriedenheit der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere und Crewmitglieder mit

    Rostock-Warnemnde 2003 und 2004, Studien fr die HERO, Rostock 2003 und 2004.

    Maritime tourism

    in the broader sense

    Maritime tourism in the

    sense of the presentation

    Tourism offers connected

    with maritime tourism

    Beach and seaside

    tourism/ bathing

    holidaysCamping tourism at the

    water

    Boat tourism and water

    sportBoat tourism and water sport

    Sailing Sailing

    Water hiking Water hiking

    Houseboat Houseboat Urban and culture tourism

    Motorboat Motorboat Biking tourism

    Diving Diving Hiking tourism

    Waterskiing Waterskiing Spa and health tourism

    Fishing Fishing Congress and meeting tourism

    Shipping Shipping Weekend and day tourism

    Excursion shipping Excursion shipping Touristic major projects

    Passenger ferry

    shippingPassenger ferry shipping Accommodation industry

    Sea cruising Sea cruising Gastronomy (food and beverage)

    River cruising River cruising

    Touristic traditional

    shippingTouristic traditional shipping

    Maritime events Maritime events

    Maritime industrytourism

    Maritime industry tourism

    Maritime culture

    tourismMaritime culture tourism

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    17

    3. MAIN SEGMENTS OF THE MARITIME TOURISM IN

    MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA AND TRENDS

    3.1. Boat tourism

    There are more than 420 marinas with 32,000 moorings for the boat tourists

    with sail and motor boats in the federal land. 14,000 of these are located at the BalticSea coast and 18,000 in the inland (Figure 3).

    Figure 3:Mooring places in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

    They are predominantly new built or modernized and have a good or evenhigh quality standard. The most modern marina is the directly finished yachting port

    Hohe Dne in Rostock-Warnemuende with a capacity of 750 moorings. Hohe

    Dne is the first yachting port of Germany which was awarded with five blue starsfrom the German tourism association. The group of companies, called Odin, invested

    120 million into the plant including luxury hotel with congress center and high-quality

    wellness facilities.

    In the coming years an extension of the supply is to be expected, like 10,000

    further moorings. An increase in net-density of the ports is necessary at the Baltic Seacoast. On the basis of the needs of the sailors the distance between two marinas should

    not exceed a daily distance of 15 - 25 sea miles. To that extent there are still clear gaps,e.g. between Wismar and Travemnde, in the east of Warnemnde, whereby theemergency port Darer Ort represents a special problem, between Hiddensee und

    Glowe and also along the Usedomer outer coast.

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    18

    But sailors do not stop at the national borders. Therefore the net must be

    continued by our eastern neighbors.Furthermore major improvements for the water hiking resting places for

    canoeists and kayaks have been noted. In the meantime however some locks at the

    much frequented water ways already became capacity bottlenecks.The boat tourism results in industrial activities in shape of boat building and

    repair as well as building of boat equipment. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

    approximately 50 enterprises are offering such services, whereby some shipyardsdeveloped top-quality products. However the enterprise density is still underdeveloped

    in the inland. Approximately 100 enterprises trade with boat accessories and

    equipment5.

    A rapid grown segment is houseboat driving. For the year 2000 141 houseboatcharter firms could be counted in this land of the Federal Republic. Following an

    analysis from the General German Automobile Association (ADAC) in 2004 the

    amount was about 200. The number of users rose in the same period from 24,000 to

    30,000

    6

    . Among the providers are predominantly enterprises, which have a smaller

    number of houseboats in the supply. Some offer at the same time or predominantly

    motor and sail yachts, others have also smaller sport boats in the offer.

    One of the largest and most complex enterprises is Kuhnle Tours. Today ithas 130 own houseboats, but also sail yachts, canoes etc., which are used from charter

    bases in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg and in France. At the

    headquarters in the port village Mritz bei Rechlin works a houseboat shipyard. With320 moorings it is the biggest charter base and a winter camp and in addition to this

    200 vacation apartments with leisure and support facilities are available7.

    The specific charter license regulation has been contributing to the success ofthe house boat tourism. This regulation from 1999 allowed on a trial basis for 5 years

    simplified rules for ships with a maximum length of 15m and a permitted maximum

    speed of 12 km/h compared to the sports boat license8.

    This regulation, which followed examples in France, the Netherlands and

    other states, worked out so well, that it became permanent.

    Further development in the house boat segment is viewed positively. For

    example Locaboat Deutschland expects a duplication of the demand until 20109.

    3.2. Excursion shipping

    Excursion shipping is an important part of maritime tourism. Offers for boatexcursion trips normally complete touristic products on shore as well as in interior

    land, only daily tourism may have the participation on an excursion trip as a main

    motive for a trip to a tourist attraction.

    5 www.mv-maritim.de, 14.09.2005.6 Entwicklungschancen des maritimen Tourismus in M-V, a.a.O., S.5; ADAS Sportboot (2004).7 www.Kuhnle-tours.de8 Bundesverkehrsministerium (Hrsg.) Richtlinien zur Charterscheinregelung 1999,

    http://www.bmv.de(Wassersport-, 1468/start.htm.9 Locaboat (Hrsg.), Geschftsbericht 2003, S.32.

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    Offers of companies taking part in excursion shipping are for example: one or

    multiple hour trips, daily excursions, rides to a certain destination or on boardarrangements. Furthermore, local ferry connections are used by tourists as well.

    In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania about 130 companies run 260 ships with

    a capacity of around 32,000 seats and offer 500 full-time jobs, even twice as much insummer time. Six larger companies own 20% of all ships

    10. One of the larger

    companies is the Weie Flotte (white fleet) located in Stralsund with 7 ships which

    are used for excursion shipping and for regional ferry traffic.About 90 % of all companies have their location on the Baltic Sea coast or the

    lake area between Mritz and Plauer See. In Rostock-Warnemnde for example 7

    companies run their 1 to 4 ships (Table 3).

    Table 3:Excursion shipping companies in Rostock-Warnemnde

    Companies Ships Maximum number of

    passengersFahrgastschifffahrtKppn Brass

    MS Frst Borwin

    MSKppn BrassMS Min Herzing

    MS Ostseebad

    Warnemnde

    300222

    222

    250

    Die Fahrgastschiff-

    fahrtsunternehmen der

    Familie Schtt

    MS Hansestadt

    Rostock

    MS MecklenburgMS Kasper Ohm

    MS Rostocker 7

    230

    230140

    250

    Warnow Personen-schifffahrt R. Kammel

    MSMarkgrafenheide

    MS SchnatermannMS Breitling

    159

    50

    150

    Fahrgastschifffahrt

    Wolfgang Heckmann

    Dampfer Selene

    220Antaris GmbH MS Kehr Wieder

    MS Epsholm

    38

    12

    Angel- und See-touristik e. V.

    Zufriedenheit47

    Angel- und See-

    touristik GmbH

    Ueckermnde

    ChemnitzHanno Gnther

    Doberan

    Dessau

    Tauchreisen und

    Seetouristik Schuld

    MS Barents See

    MS Klar Kimming

    MS Gudrun

    12

    12

    47

    Bro Hanse Sail Gro- und

    Traditionssegler250

    Source: Hoffmann, Christin: Kstennaher Passagierausflugsverkehr in Rostock/ Warnemnde

    Angebotsstruktur und Vermarktung, Seminararbeit, Rostock 2005, S. 17.

    10 Maritimer Tourismus in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a.a.O, S. 84.

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    During the last years a lot of modernizations of ports and landing stages alike

    took place, paid by the public hand and the companies bought new ships. Also newrequirements became visible, for instance an increase in transportation of passengers

    with bikes in inland which is not fully dealt with by the ships yet.

    The traffic of passengers parallel to coast is very low developed. In formertimes sea bridgesplayed an important role as docking stations, but during the Second

    World War and the following icy winters most of the sea bridges were destroyed. That

    is the reason why most of the seaside resorts supported the idea to rebuild these seabridges and took part in the subsidizing program of government. Today we have again

    19 sea bridges from Boltenhagen to Ahlbeck along the coast (Table 4), but their

    function is different now.

    Today they are used as lengthened promenades to the sea and are thereforestrongly visited even off season. Unfortunately some of the sea bridges do not meet the

    requirements for docking stations, because of the low water depth or instability while

    rough sea.

    Thoughts to initiate a scientific program for developing coastal parallel trafficcame up in the last time, also to investigate the operation of unconventional types of

    ships.

    Table 4:See bridges in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

    Location Length (m)Max water

    depth (m)

    Construction

    costs (Mio. )Boltenhagen 290 3.0 1.1 1.2

    Wendorf 350 3.0 1,3

    Rerik 170 3.0 0.7 0.8

    Khlungsborn 240 3.9 0.9 1.0

    Heiligendamm 200 3.0 1.0 1.3

    Graal-Mritz 350 3.5 1.2

    Wustrow 230 3.0 1.0Prerow 390 3.0 1.5

    Zingst 270 3.0 1.5

    Sassnitz 105 2.5 0.6

    Binz 370 3.0 1.9 2.1

    Sellin 394 3.6 3.5

    Ghren 270 3.6 1.7

    Lubmin 350 3.5 1.6

    Zinnowitz 315 3.5 1.6

    Koserow 261 3.5 1.4

    Bansin 285 3.0 1.7

    Heringsdorf 508 5.0 1.,3 .4

    Ahlbeck 280 3.0 1.8

    Source: Voberg, Anne, Seebrcken und ihre touristische Nutzung, Diplomarbeit, Rostock, 1996, S. 18, 21.

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    3.3. Cruise shipping

    Cruise shipping on open sea belongs to the market segments which grow

    fastest in world tourism. In the 1980`s and 90`s the number of cruise passengers nearly

    doubled worldwide.After terroristic activities at September 11th 2001 a short stagnation existed,

    but experts forecast considerable growth rates for the next years. Because of that for the

    German market the number of cruise shipping passengers is calculated to rise from583,000 in 2004 to 1 million in 2010 11.

    In the region of the Baltic Sea, where cruise shipping is possible only in

    summer months, just 5% of worldwide cruise shipping activities take place, but

    especially there a strong increase is seen. Here find the cruise shipping lines, whichalways look out for new products to offer, a shipping region with many attractive

    capital destinations in 1-night-distances, rowed up like a pearl necklace.

    Table 5:Calls of cruise ships in selected ports of the Baltic Sea

    11 Klar zur Wende, in fvw, Nr. 22 2005, Niedecken Verlag, S.8.

    1997 2004

    St. PetersburgCalls

    Passengers

    163

    81,300

    422

    332,924

    CopenhagenCalls

    Passengers

    205248,500

    282291,000

    TallinnCalls

    Passengers

    138

    58,700

    232

    216,400

    StockholmCalls

    Passengers

    141

    85,600

    213

    217,500

    HelsinkiCalls

    Passengers

    116

    69,000

    211

    217.200

    Kiel CallsPassengers

    3320,000

    118128,500

    VisbyCalls

    Passengers

    83

    32,500

    113

    72,300

    GdyniaCalls

    Passengers

    5054,.300

    10590,500

    RostockCalls

    Passengers

    26

    17,900

    93

    97,300

    RigaCalls

    Passengers

    n.a.

    n.a.

    57

    25,500

    KlaipedaCalls

    Passengers

    n.a.n.a.

    4814,200

    TotalCalls

    Passengers

    875

    667,800

    1,.457

    1,616,.300

    Passengers/Calls 763 1,109

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    Rostock-Warnemnde participates in the development with a rapid growth of

    ship calls. 1991 only 10 ships came in, but 1997 26 and 2004 even 93 calls with 97,000passengers were registered (Table 5). For 2006 151 applications with 150,000 cruise

    shipping passengers exist. Very interesting for touristic net product is the fact, that 40

    calls are connected with a passenger exchange.Rostock-Warnemnde is seen by shipping lines and passengers alike as port

    of the German capital Berlin. Many passengers go to Berlin by bus or train for a

    sightseeing tour12

    .From the point of view of regional economic effects the fact is welcomed, that

    40 % of passengers stay in Warnemnde or in the region while doing land excursions13

    .

    Warnemnde is well prepared for further development due to an investment of

    5.5 million in a new cruise shipping terminal, which meets the standards of ISPS-Code (International Ship and Port facility Security Code) of the International Maritime

    Organisation. At the same time infrastructure has to be improved to avoid missing

    docking spare in Warnemnde so that ships have to elude to the oversea habour of

    Rostock.It exists a strongly growing European river cruise shipping, too. 2004 more

    than 300,000 German guests took part in a river cruise tour, an increase of 11.5 % to

    2003. Also the waters between Oderhaff, Achterwasser and Peenestrom as well

    as Greifswalder Bodden and Strelasund profit from river cruises between Berlinand Stralsund. Anyhow around 100 calls per year are registered in Stralsund with an

    average of 80 passengers14

    .

    3.4. Passenger ferry shipping

    Around 50 million travellers use international ferry lines across the Baltic Sea

    year by year. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the ferry ports of Rostock and

    Sassnitz more than 3 million passengers are counted, whereby the lines Rostock Gedser (Denmark), Sassnitz Trelleborg (Sweden), Rostock Trelleborg and Rostock

    Hanko (Finland) are the most important ones. (Table 6).

    Main travelling motive of touristic ferry shipping is the trip to the yearly main

    holiday place, because of that demand is concentrated on summer months and

    especially on weekends. Short trips are more typical for off-season, when ferry lines

    market them as produced traffic to reach a higher usage rate. For the foreign visitorsshopping in Germany is an important part of the trip.

    Daily tourism involves classic excursion trips as well as shopping tours. When

    duty-free-sell was ceased in July 1999 a main motive for shopping tours was gone.Nevertheless the differences in German and Scandinavian prices still give incentives

    for shopping tours15

    .

    12 Lubatschowski, Rona: Kreuzfahrthfen im Ostseeraum und ihre touristischen Angebote, Diplomarbeit,Rostock 1999.

    13 Benkenstein, M., Bastian, J., in bbu: Zufriedenheit der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere und Crewmitglieder mitRostock- Warnemnde 2003 and 2004, a.a.O.

    14 Schmidt- Walter, P.: Auf groer Fahrt zum Sund, Norddeutsche Neueste Nachrichten vom 27.4.2005, S. 815 Maritimer Tourismus in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a.a.O.

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    Table 6:Ferry shipping passengers in Rostock and Sassnitz (in thousands)

    Year

    Passe-

    ngers

    Cars /

    Cara-

    vans Busses

    Passe-

    ngers

    Cars /

    Cara-

    vans Busses

    Passe-

    ngers

    Cars /

    Cara-

    vans Busses

    Passe-

    ngers

    total

    Sassnitz - Trelleborg Sassnitz - Klaipeda Sassnitz - Rnne Sassnitz

    1995 717.5 116.4 3.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 132.4 29.0 0.3 850

    1998 789.3 115.3 4.9 15.7 7.9 n.a. 195.5 50.6 0.6 1,000

    2000 735.7 117.2 4.3 27.1 4.5 n.a. 177.2 46.8 0.6 940

    2001 655.7 113.8 3.8 9.8 2.0 n.a. 163.4 43.0 0.5 829

    2002 675.3 131.1 3.2 9.5 3.3 n.a. 143.6 37.5 0.4 828

    2003 787.8 166.3 4.1 11.4 1.8 n.a. 129.8 34.3 0.4 929

    2004 708.1 162.4 3.3 8.5 1.6 n.a. 121.6 32.0 0.4 838

    Rostock - Trelleborg Rostock - Gedser Rostock - HankoRosto-

    ck

    1995 285.0 83.3 0.5 1,746.2 201.4 11.4 2,031

    1998 698.5 165.6 2.5 1,355.9 171.2 14.1 2,054

    1999 696.8 165.7 2.3 1,291.3 165.4 14.6 1,988

    2000 750.1 165.3 2.7 1,007.0 153.1 12.6 1,757

    2001 693.5 144.6 2.4 1,170.9 194.2 13.8 69.3 29.3 0.4 1,934

    2002 717.4 149.7 2.6 1,224.6 206.5 14.5 164.8 62.8 0.3 2,107

    2003 796.1 169.7 3.1 1,297.3 215.5 15.9 170.9 57.0 0.7 2,264

    2004 788.1 158.8 2.8 1,264.0 212.5 15.3 176.8 54.3 0.8 2,229

    Total: 2004 3,067

    Because of actual studies we know Rostock`s regional effects of ferry

    shipping very precisely (Table 7). 30 % of all passengers buy goods, 23 % spend

    money for services and 5 % stay in Rostock orenvirons over night. This is where thehigh expenses of 48 million come from. Not all of theferry passengers contribute in

    regional net product, but nevertheless the average of per-head expenses is 22.

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    Table 7:Touristic expenses of ferry shipping passengers in Rostock

    Position of expense Expenses per head () Scale (Mio. )

    Purchased goods117 per head

    out of 30 % of all passengers39

    Gastronomy, gas and other

    services

    24 per head

    out of 23 % of all passengers6

    Overnight services49 per head

    out of 5 % of all passengers3

    Total21,80 per head in average of all

    passengers48

    Source: Benkenstein, M., Bastian, J. in: bbu/Ostseeinstitut fr Marketing, Verkehr und Tourismus,

    Zufriedenheit der Fhrpassagiere mit dem Hafen Rostock 2004/2005, Studie Rostock 2005

    3.5. Maritime big events

    We define maritime events as taking place at or on the water, where mainly

    ships or boats are responsible for atmosphere. As shown in figure 4 there are more

    arrangements than just the big events Hanse Sail and Warnemnder Woche (weekof Warnemnde) in Rostock and the Mritz Sail. For example harbour and sea bridge

    celebrations, sailing regattas, dragon boat races, Sund Swimming and so on.

    Figure 4:Maritime arrangements in Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania (selection)

    Maritime arrangements in full sense of the

    word

    Maritime arrangements in usual

    sense of the word

    Megaevents: Megaevents:Hanse sail in Rostock/Waremnde Strtebecker festival games

    Warnemnder Woche (week of

    Warnemnde)

    Vineta festival games

    Mritz sail Others:

    Habour festival and similar events: Island sea festival Gstrow

    Wismar Sportive events:

    Freest, Peenemnde, Karlshagen Beach parties and festivals

    Haff- festive days: Rerik Beach volleyball tournaments

    Seabridge- festival: Boltenhagen,

    Koserow, Graal- Mritz

    Festival of Neptun: Zarrentin, Probst Jesar,

    Neustadt- Glewe

    Regattas (inclusive sail in and out):

    Stralsunder Segelwoche (week of sail in

    Stralsund)Regattatage Zingst (days of regatta Zingst)

    Bathtub-rally: Plau, Rbel, Neustrelitz

    Pfingstregatta: Rbel

    Dragonboat-festival: Schwerin

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    Anyhow the main event in the region is the Hanse Sail in Rostock. 2005

    more than 250 ships took part, both large and traditional. Together with German shipsalso participants from Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Poland and other

    countries were welcomed. With about 1 million tourists, out of 1.3 million visitors, the

    Hanse Sail is the third biggest maritime event in Germany after the Kieler Woche(week of Kiel) and the Hamburger Harbour Celebration.

    Many guests of the Hanse Sail stay over night and only come to Rostock because of

    this event. Hotels are regularly booked out for this time. All together touristic turnovers2005 are valued with 177 million. Overnight tourists spend on average 91 per day

    and one day tourists 30.16

    .

    SOME CONCLUSIONS

    (1) Maritime tourism is an attractive form of tourism for regions with many

    coastal areas, lakes or rivers, whereby its polymorphism is characteristic. Some parts ofit are relative independent types of tourism for example sailing- or house-boat-

    tourism, while others are an interesting complement for different independent forms of

    tourism for instance excursion and ferry shipping. Canoe and kayak tourism, fishing

    tourism or the visit of maritime main arrangements might belong to the first category aswell as to the second one.

    In addition the existence of maritime touristic offers rises attractiveness even

    for guests, who not take part in them actively. For example tourists in guest survey2003 state the activity of enjoy maritime flair on a scale from 1 to 6 with the high

    result of 2.217

    .

    (2) Maritime Tourism is a growing market. More or less all parts extend theircomplexity, fascination water lures lots of tourists.

    But of course competition also grows in this market between destinations

    which are situated close together as well as far away from each other. In sportboat- andhouseboat- tourism not only Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania and Brandenburg are in

    competition, but also French and Dutch water touristic regions and the Polish

    Masuren, too. In cruise shipping even worldwide offers compete with each other.

    Therefore offer quality and price-performance ratio determine success or failure.

    (3) The example Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania shows, that purposeful

    upgrading of water touristic infrastructure with high attendance of the government isthe base of all development. The construction and reconstruction of shipping as well as

    river routes, marinas and resting places for water-hiking, wharf constructions and

    mooring places, sea bridges, cruise shipping terminals etc. needs very high investmentsand requires complex and medium-term programs, which have to be well coordinated

    between state and municipality.

    16 Berechnet nach Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns Gste Struktur, Zufriedenheit und Einkaufsverhalten,

    Ostseeinstitut fr Marketing, Verkehr und Tourismus an der Universitt Rostock, 2004, Rostock 2004,.S.

    82 ff und R. Sommer, Der konomische Beitrag und die Bedeutung von Events zur touristischenEntwicklung einer Region dargestellt am Beispiel der Hanse Sa il Rostock, Stralsund , 2000, S. 78.

    17 Steingrube, W.: Weiterhin hohe Zufriedenheitswerte in Breitzmann, K.-H. (Hrsg.): Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns Gste Struktur, Zufriedenheit und Einkaufsverhalten. Beitrge und Informationen aus

    dem Ostseeinstitut fr Marketing, Verkehr und Tourismus an der Universitt Rostock, Heft 13, Rostock

    2004.

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    (4) Structure of supply is dominated by small companies. In Mecklenburg-

    Western Pomerania the number of all suppliers is estimated at 1,300. That is why it isstrongly required, that suppliers cooperate with each other and with the government to

    be successful, for example in networking their products, offering attractive packages

    and performing marketing.(5) Regional economic effects of water- tourism are considerable. It is very

    pleasant, that studies of some German federal lands and even a German wide

    investigation can give precise statements to that fact. Our paper also showed, that suchanalyses have to be updated from time to time, just to reflect actual changes and to

    work out further necessities of action. Last but not least researches of students of the

    Baltic Institute support this process.

    REFERENCES

    1. ADAS Sportboot (2004).

    2. Benkenstein, M., Bastian, J., in bbu: Zufriedenheit der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere und Crewmitglieder mitRostock-Warnemnde 2003 und 2004, Studien fr die HERO, Rostock 2003 und 2004.

    3. Benkenstein, M., Bastian, J. in: bbu/Ostseeinstitut fr Marketing, Verkehr und Tourismus,Zufriedenheit der Fhrpassagiere mit dem Hafen Rostock 2004/2005, Studie Rostock 2005.

    4. Breitzmann, K.-H., Hrsg: Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns Gste Struktur, Zufriedenheit und

    Einkaufsverhalten, Ostseeinstitut fr Marketing, Verkehr und Tourismus an der Universitt Rostock,

    2004, Rostock.5. Bundesverkehrsministerium (Hrsg.) Richtlinien zur Charterscheinregelung 1999, http://www.bmv.de

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    8. Klar zur Wende, in fvw, Nr. 22, Niedecken Verlag.

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    11.

    Lubatschowski, Rona: Kreuzfahrthfen im Ostseeraum und ihre touristische Angebote, Diplomarbeit,

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    12. Schmidt-Walter, P.: Auf groer Fahrt zum Sund, Norddeutsche Neueste Nachrichten am 27.4.2005.13.

    Sommer, R.: Der konomische Beitrag und die Bedeutung von Events zur touristischen Entwicklung

    einer Region dargestellt am Beispiel der Hanse Sail Rostock, Stralsund, 2000.

    14. Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Statistische Berichte Tourismus in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Dezember 1992, Dezember 2004.

    15. Voberg, Anne, Seebrcken und ihre touristische Nutzung, Diplomarbeit, Rostock, 1996.

    16. www.mv-maritim.de

    17. www.Kuhnle-tours.de