A Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing Architecture, Applications and Challenges

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1013International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882

Volume 3, Issue 6, September 2014

A Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing Architecture, Applications and

Challenges

Ms.Gayathri M R 1, Prof K. Srinivas21 Department of Information Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore

2 Department of Information Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore

ABSTRACTWith an explosive growth of Mobile applications andemergence of Cloud Computing concept, MobileCloud Computing (MCC) has been introduced to be a potential technology. Hence it drives a strong demandfor mobile cloud applications and services for mobileusers. This brings out a great business and researchopportunity in MCC.This paper first discusses the definitions of CloudComputing, Mobile Computing and Mobile CloudComputing (MCC). Then it presents an overview ofMCC in terms of its concepts, EssentialCharacteristics, Service and Deployment models.Later it presents the architecture of MCC and itschallenges. Finally it discusses some of theapplications, advantages and current Research issues.

Keywords -Cloud,Deployment Models, EssentialCharacteristics, MCC Architecture, Service Models

I.

INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is a coalesce of many computingfields like Information Technology, Business,Agriculture, Medical Science and it has gained much popularity in the recent years. It provides computing,storage, services, and applications over the Internet.Moreover, cloud computing facilitates to reducecapital cost, decouple services from the underlyingtechnology, and provides flexibility in terms ofresource provisioning. Mobile devices likesmartphone, tablet pc’s are increasingly becoming an

essential part of human life as the most effective andconvenient communication tools which are not bounded by time and place. Mobile users accumulaterich experience of various services from mobileapplications like iPhone apps, Google Apps, whichrun on the devices or on remote servers via wirelessnetworks.Similarly, smartphones are also gaining enormous popularity due to the support for a wide range ofapplications such as games, image processing, video processing, e-commerce, and Online social networkservices. Meanwhile, with the rapid development ofmobile network and portable terminals, smartphonesare more and more favoured by users. It is becoming atrend to use mobile devices to access the services

provided by the cloud. The growth of mobility haschanged people’s lives gradually in an unpredictedway [4].According to Cisco IBSG (Internet Business SolutionGroup), close to 80% of the world’s population hasaccess to the mobile phone and new devices likeAndroid smartphones, iPhones, palmtops and tabletshave brought a host of applications at the palms of people’s hands [2]. Therefore Mobile CloudComputing (MCC) is grown out of the above hottechnologies like Cloud Computing and MobileComputing. The term “Mobile Cloud Computing” isintroduced not long after the concept of “CloudComputing” has launched.Cloud Computing has emerged as a phenomenon thatrepresents the way by which IT services andfunctionality are charged for and delivered. NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology,USA) definition from September [3], 2011 released in

its “Special Publication 800-145” of CloudComputing is: “Cloud Computing is a model forenabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable resources like networks, servers, storage, applications and services that can berapidly provisioned and released with minimalmanagement effort or service provider interaction”.And “Mobile Computing is a human computerinteraction by which a computer is expected to betransported during normal usage”.It includes Mobile Communication, Mobile Hardwareand Mobile Software. MCC is introduced as an

integration of Cloud Computing into the Mobileenvironment.The Mobile Cloud Computing Forum defines MCC asfollows [1]:“Mobile Cloud Computing at its simplest refers to aninfrastructure where both data storage and data

processing will happen outside the mobile device. Mobile cloud applications move the computing power

and data storage away from mobile phones and intothe cloud, bringing applications and mobile

computing to not just smartphone users but a muchbroader range of mobile subscribers”.

Unlike conventional mobile computing technologies,the resources in mobile cloud computing arevirtualized and assigned in a group of numerous


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distributed computers rather than local computers orservers. Many applications based on Mobile CloudComputing, such as Google’s Gmail, Maps and Navigation systems for mobile, Voice Search, andsome applications on Android platform, MobileMefrom Apple, LiveMesh from Microsoft and Motoblur

from Motorola have been developed and served tousers [7]. The general architecture of Mobile CloudComputing is as depicted in Fig 1 below.

Fig 1: Basic model of Mobile Cloud Computing

II. BACKGROUND

As an inheritance and emergence of Cloud Computingand Mobile computing, Mobile Cloud Computing has been devised as a new phenomenon since 2009. Fromsimple perspective, Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)can be thought as, an infrastructure where data storageand processing will be moved from the mobile deviceto powerful and centralized computing platformslocated in cloud. Many mobile cloud applications arenot restricted to powerful smartphones only, but to a broader range of less advanced mobile phones. Themobile devices can be connecting with a base station

or a hotspot by a radio link such as Wi-Fi, GPRS or3G. The centralized applications located in cloud arethen accessed over the wireless connection based on athin client or web browser on the mobile devices.Although the client is changed from PCs or fixedmachines to mobile devices, the main concept is stillcloud computing. By integrating cloud computing intothe mobile environment, MCC overcomes theobstacles related to the performance (e.g., battery life,storage and bandwidth), environment (e.g.,heterogeneity, scalability and availability) andsecurity [12].

2.1 Essential Characteristics of MCCOn-demand self-service: A client with aninstantaneous need at a particular time and place can

obtain the computing resources such as networkstorage, software use, CPU time in an automaticfashion without resorting to human interaction withservice providers.Broad network access: The computing resources aredelivered to users over the network and they are used

by various client applications with heterogeneous platform (such as smart phones, laptops and PDA‟s)situated at a client’s site.

Resource pooling: A cloud service provider’scomputing resources are „pooled‟ together to servemultiple clients’ using either the multi-tenant orvirtualization model, with different physical andvirtual resources dynamically assigned and reassignedaccording to client demand. The client does not haveknowledge and control about the exact location of the provided resources.Rapid elasticity: For the clients, computing resources

will become immediate rather than persistent; thereare no up-front commitment and contact here. Theclient can use them to scale up whenever they want,and release them once they finish scaling down.

Measured Service: Although computing resources are pooled and shared by multiple clients, the cloudinfrastructure is capable of using appropriatemechanisms to measure the usage of these resourcesfor each individual client through its meteringcapabilities.

2.2 Service Models of MCCInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Clients directly useIT infrastructure (processing, storage, network andother computing resources) provided in the IaaScloud. Virtualization is extensively used in IaaS cloudin order to integrate or decompose physical resources.Clients are able to deploy and run arbitrary software,which can include operating systems and applications.The client does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure but has control over the operatingsystems; storage, deployed applications and possibility limited control of selected networkingcomponents (e.g. host firewalls). An example of IaaSis Amazon‟s EC2.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS is a development platform supporting the full “Software Lifecycle”which allows client to develop cloud services andapplications directly on the PaaS cloud. PaaS offers adevelopment platform that hosts both completed andin-progress cloud applications. An example of PaaS isGoogle AppEngine.

Software as a Service (SaaS): Client releases theirapplication on a hosting environment which can beaccessed through network from various clients byapplication users. The client does not manage or


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control the underlying cloud infrastructure with the possible exception of limited user-specific applicationconfiguration settings. Google Apps and MicrosoftOffice 365 are the examples for SaaS.

2.3 Deployment Models of MCC

Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operatedsolely within a single organization, and managed bythat organization or a third party regardless whether itis located on premise or off premise.

Public Cloud: This is the dominant form of currentcloud computing deployment model. The public cloudis used by the general public client and the cloudservice provider has the full ownership of the publiccloud with its own policy, value, profit, costing andcharging model.

Hybrid Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is acombination of two or more clouds (private,community, or public) that remain unique entities butare bound together by standardized or proprietarytechnology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).

Community Cloud: Several organizations jointlyconstruct and share the same cloud infrastructure aswell as policies, requirements, values and concerns.The cloud community forms into a degree of

economic scalability and democratic equilibrium. Thecloud infrastructure could be hosted by a third-partyvendor or within one of the organization in thecommunity.

III. ARCHITECTURE

In mobile cloud computing mobile network and cloudcomputing are combined, thereby providing anoptimal services for mobile clients. Cloud computingexists when tasks and data are kept on individual

devices. Applications run on a remote server and thensent to the client. Here the mobile devices areconnected to the mobile networks through the base

stations; they will establish and control theconnections (air interface) and functional interfaces between the mobile networks and mobiledevices.Mobile users send service requests to the

cloud through a web browser or desktop application.The information’s are transmitted to the central processors that are connected to the servers providingmobile network services. Here, services like AAA(Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) can

be provided to the users based on Home Agent (HA)and subscriber’s data stored in databases.A generalarchitecture in a broader sense is presented in Fig 1. A

more detailed representation will be presented in Fig 2[13].

Fig 2: Mobile Cloud Computing Architecture

The subscribers‟ requests are then delivered to a cloudthrough the Internet. Cloud controllers present in thecloud, process the requests to provide the mobile userswith the corresponding cloud services. These services

are developed based on the concepts of utilitycomputing, virtualization and service-orientedarchitecture. The major function of a cloud computingsystem is storing data on the cloud and usingtechnology on the client to access that data. Several business models rapidly evolved to harness thistechnology by providing software applications, programming platforms, data-storage, computinginfrastructure and hardware as services.

IV. CHALLENGES

In MCC landscape, an amalgam of mobile computingand cloud computing communication networks createsseveral complex challenges. This part describes someof the challenges. Although some of these challengessuch as seamless connectivity, vendor lock-in, andsecurity and privacy are common with mobilecomputing and cloud computing [6][8].

4.1 Mobile Computation OffloadingLeveraging heterogeneous cloud resources, toaugment computing limitations of multitude of mobiledevices towards realizing the vision of unrestrictedfunctionality, storage, and mobility is a nontrivialtask. Realizing cloud-based augmentation vision isimpeded by multi-dimensional overhead of


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identifying and efficiently partitioning resourceintensive components, VM (Virtual Machine) creationand migration, and monitoring the overall outsourcing process. Moreover, a plethora of hurdles in utilizingcloud resources such as latency, heterogeneity,security, code portability, and cloud mobile

interoperability intensifies the situation. Althoughseveral efforts such as CloneCloud, MAUI, Cloudlet,SAMI, and MOMCC are facilitating and promotingcloud-based computation offloading, still research anddevelopment in this domain remains a top priority [5].

4.2 Seamless Connectivity

Wireless networks are characterized by low bandwidth, intermittent, and less reliabletransmission grounds compared with the wirednetworks. Establishing and maintaining seamless

sessions between nomadic MCC users and otherentities (e.g. smartphones and clouds) in a wirelessmedium composed of heterogeneous networktechnologies are critical issues to fully unleash the

power of MCC. The intermittent connectivitycauses several challenges such as dismissal ofalways on connectivity, excessive consumption oflimited mobile resources, and disproportionatedelaying of application execution that sharplydegrade quality of computing services. Seamlessconnectivity in heterogeneous MCC environment

demands reliable inter-system signal handoffschemes along next generation wireless networksUnstable wireless bandwidth, low wireless networksecurity and the high probability of signalinterception are challenges likely intensified bycrossing the Internet channel in order to utilize thecloud services for mobile augmentation.

4.3 Long WAN Latency

Latency adversely impacts on the energy efficiency

and interactive response of cloud-mobileapplications by consuming excessive mobileresources and raising transmission delays. Incellular communication, distance from the basestation and variation in bandwidth and speed ofvarious wireless technologies affect the energyefficiency and usability of MCC devices. Forexample, data transfer bitrate consumescomparatively more energy in cellular networksthan WLAN. Higher the transmission bit-rate, themore energy efficient the transmission. Moreover,leveraging wireless Internet networks to offloadmobile intensive applications to distant cloudresources creates a bottleneck. Consequently, thelong WAN latency is increased while the quality of

user experience is decreased. To reduce interactionlatency, proposals such as Cloudlet, MOMCC, andSAMI are proposed to create a proximate cloud toaccess nearby remote resources, but furtheradvancement to achieve crisper response isrequired.

4.4 Mobility Management

Integration of dissimilar wireless networks is achallenging task due to heterogeneity in accesstechnologies, architectures, protocols, user mobility

pattern, and user service requirements. To achievethe converged wired, mobile, and broadbandcommunication not only accurate and efficientmobility management schemes are prerequisite, butalso seamless integration and interoperation of

mobility management approaches to address intrasystem and especially intersystem mobility ismandatory in MCC environment. Hence, anadaptive protocol suit similar to AdaptNet isessential to alleviate a plethora of heterogeneitymade issues, particularly rate adaptation andcongestion control, and provide interoperationamong various networks. Integration andinteroperation of converged heterogeneousnetworks in MCC demand lightweight, resource-and cost-effective, sustainable, and user-friendlyapproaches with optimized performance to addressseamless mobility. Realizing such vital need withleast signal traffic and latency can significantlyenrich quality of cloud-mobile user experience.

4.5 Context-Processing

Contemporary mobile devices are capable ofgathering extensive context and social information,specifically available cloud resources, network

bandwidth, weather conditions, and users‟ voice

and gestures from their surrounding environment.

Exponential growth in context and socialinformation creates several challenges such asstoring, managing, and processing information onresource constraint smartphones. Although cloudinfrastructures are connected to be a suitable

platform for context storage, management, and processing, the need for an energy efficient,reliable, and robust cloud-mobile data migrationand communication is unavoidable.

4.6 Energy Constraint

Energy is the only un-replicable resource in mobiledevices that cannot be restored spontaneously and


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requires external resources to be renewed. Currenttechnologies can increase battery capacity by only5% per annum. Several energy harvesting effortshave been in progress since the 1990s to replenishenergy from external resources like humanmovement and wireless radiation, but these

intermittent resources are not available on-demand.Alternatively, application offloading and fidelityadaptation approaches are proposed to conservelocal mobile resources, especially energy. However,application offloading is a risky, resource-intensiveapproach that needs further research anddevelopment to be deployed in real scenarios.Fidelity adaptation solutions compromise quality toconserve local resources which impoverish qualityof user experience in MCC. Researchersendeavoured to mitigate application offloading

challenges by exploiting secure, reliable, elasticcloud resources instead of insecure, limitedsurrogate’s resources. However, cloud basedapplication offloading cannot always save energywith current developments and demands furtherefforts. Therefore, the energy constraint of mobilenodes remains a challenge in MCC.

4.7 Vendor/data Lock in

Variety of cloud servers and mobile devices besidea varied OSs and applications on one hand and non-uniformity of APIs in the absence of underpinningstandards on the other hand, intensify data lock-in

problem in MCC that bounds customers to aspecific mobile device and cloud provider. Forexample, if cloud-mobile users utilize AppleiCloud8 as an automatic cloud-based storageservice developed and dedicated to Apple products,no data fetch from non- Apple devices isaddressable. Alleviating vendor locking problem inMCC is more challenging compared with cloudcomputing. Vendor lock-in solutions need to be

applied in both mobile and cloud sides in aninteroperable manner which is excessivelychallenging.

4.8 Security and Privacy

A drastic hike in cybercrimes and Internet threatsmandates restricted security provisions for publiclyaccessible cloud resources, especially storage. At acursory glance, security is only an issue forrequesters, but in a deep view, service providers

need to set up tighter security provisions to protecttheir properties and clients‟ privacy. Ensuring user

privacy and security of varied mobile applications

running on different mobile devices that utilizeheterogeneous cloud resources arethe most challenging tasks in MCC. Security and

privacy in MCC become more volatile compare tocloud computing due to the insecure nature ofwireless communication medium. Hence, the

absence of adaptive, rationalized, and rigoroussecurity arrangements is a potential challenge withcatastrophic consequences for service providers andrequesters in MCC.

4.9 Elasticity

Cloud providers confront situations in which thereare more demands than available resources.Adverse impact of cloud-resource unavailabilityand service interruption for MCC clients is more

severe than stationary clients connected to the wall power and fixed network. Frequent suspension ofenergy-constraint mobile clients due to resourcescarcity, not only shrinks usefulness of cloudoutsourcing for MCC end-users, but also divests

privilege of intensive computation anytime,anywhere from mobile users. Therefore, severalchallenging tasks need to be realized since serviceunavailability and interruption prolong executiontime, increase monitoring overhead, and depletesmartphones local resources, especially battery.

4.10 Cloud Policies for Mobile Users

Cloud service providers apply certain policies torestrain service quality to a desired level byimposing specific limitations via their intermediateapplications like Google App Engine bulk loader.Also, service provisioning, controlling, balancing,and billing are often matched with the requirementsof desktop clients rather than mobile users.Considering the great differences in wired andwireless communications, disregarding mobility

and resource limitations of mobile devices in designand maintenance of cloud structures cansignificantly impact on feasibility of MCCsolutions. Metrics such as bandwidth quota andnumber of API calls per day limit clients andimpact on user experience.

4.11 Service Execution and Delivery

Cloud-mobile users require an efficient monitoringmeans to measure and evaluate the quality of

service they receive. SLA as a formal contract isemployed and negotiated in advance to enforcecertain level of quality against a fee. During


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negotiation phase, the terms of services are defined,while the real-time performance is screening duringmonitoring phase. However, considering MCCdynamism, several network challenges such asinconsistent bandwidth and packet delivery ratio,delay, jitter, and network blips hamper service

delivery, raise ambiguity, and increase dispute between cloud vendors and MCC end-users.Therefore, current static SLA can be fleshed outwith more powerful, dynamic representation andmonitoring techniques established in heterogeneouswireless environment for cloud mobile users.

4.12 MCC Billing

Client mobility in the rapidly changing environmentdiverges the cloud billing system in MCC from

cloud computing. Designing an appropriate billingsystem for MCC with dynamic heterogeneousenvironment requires considering additional

parameters compared with cloud computing.Interception latency, jitter, session reestablishmentdelay, bandwidth capacity, and quality of securityare examples of major parameters in designing aMCC billing system.Designing an appropriate billing system for cloud-mobile users that continuously adapts to theheterogeneity and dynamism of MCC environmentrequires considering additional parameterscompared with cloud computing. Interceptionlatency, jitter, session re-establishment delay,

bandwidth capacity, and quality of security areexamples of major parameters in designing a MCC

billing system.

V. APPLICATIONS

Mobile applications gain increasing in a global mobilemarket. Various mobile applications have taken theadvantages of MCC. In this section, some typical

MCC applications are introduced [7] [11].5.1 Mobile Commerce

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is a business modelfor commerce using mobile devices. The m-commerceapplications generally fulfil some tasks that requiremobility (e.g., mobile transactions and payments,mobile messaging, and mobile ticketing). The m-commerce applications are classified into a fewclasses which includes finance, advertising andshopping. The m-commerce applications have to facevarious challenges like low network bandwidth, highcomplexity of mobile device configurations, andsecurity. Therefore, m-commerce applications areintegrated into cloud computing environment to

recover from these issues. 3G E-commerce platform is based on cloud computing which combines theadvantages of both 3G network and cloud computingto increase data processing speed and security level based on PKI (public key infrastructure). Thismechanism uses an access control based on

encryption and an over-encryption method to ensure privacy of user’s access to the outsourced data.

5.2 Mobile Learning

Mobile learning (m-learning) is based on bothelectronic learning (e-learning) and mobility.However, m-learning applications have limitationswith high cost of devices and network, low networktransmission rate, and limited educational resourceshence Cloud-based m-learning applications areintroduced to solve these limitations. For example,

utilizing a cloud with the large storage capacity and powerful processing ability, the applications providelearners with much better services in terms of data(information) size, faster processing speed, and longer battery life. JavaME UI framework and Jaber is a website built using Google Apps Engine; here studentscan communicate with their teachers at any time.Also, the teachers can obtain the information aboutstudent’s knowledge level of the course and cananswer student’s questions in a timely manner.In addition, a contextual m-learning system based onIMERA platform shows that a cloud-based m-learning

system helps learners to access learning resourcesremotely. Through mobile phones, learners canunderstand and compare different algorithms used inmobile applications (e.g., de-blurring, de-noising, facedetection, and image enhancement).

5.3 Mobile Healthcare

The purpose of applying MCC in medical applicationsis to minimize the limitations of traditional medicaltreatment (e.g., small physical storage, security and privacy, and medical errors Mobile healthcare (m-healthcare) provides mobile users with convenienthelps to access resources (e.g., patient health records)easily and quickly. Besides, m-healthcare offershospitals and healthcare organizations a variety of on-demand services on clouds rather than owningstandalone applications on local servers. There aremany schemes of MCC applications in healthcare. Forexample, the following presents five main mobilehealthcare applications in the pervasive environment.1. Comprehensive health monitoring service- Thisenable patients to be monitored at any time

irrespective of place through broadband wirelesscommunications.


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2. Intelligent emergency management system-This canmanage and coordinate the fleet of emergencyvehicles effectively.3. Health aware mobile devices- These devices willdetect pulse-rate, blood pressure, and level of alcoholto alert healthcare emergency system.

4. Pervasive lifestyle incentive management- This can be used to pay healthcare expenses and also to manageother related charges automatically.5. Seamless connection to cloud storage- This allowsusers to retrieve, modify, and upload medical contents(e.g., medical images, patient health records and biosignals) utilizing web services and a set of availableAPIs called REST.

5.4 Mobile Gaming

Mobile game (m-game) is a potential market

generating revenues for service providers. M-gamecan completely offload game engine requiring largecomputing resource (e.g., graphic rendering) to theserver present in the cloud, and gamers only interactwith the screen interface on their devices. Number ofexperiments is conducted to evaluate the energy usedfor game applications with 3G and WiFi network.Instead of offloading all data to the cloud for processing, an advanced user interface partitions theapplication data at a runtime based on the costs ofnetwork communication and CPU on the mobiledevice.

VI. ADVANTAGES

Cloud computing is known to be a promising solutionfor mobile cloud computing due to many reasons(e.g., mobility, communication, and portability). In thefollowing, we describe how the cloud can be used toovercome obstacles in MCC, there by pointing out theadvantages of MCC [7] [10].

6.1 Extending battery lifetime

Battery is one of the main concerns for the mobiledevices. Several solutions have been proposed toenhance the CPU performance and to manage the diskand screen in an intelligent manner to reduce the power consumption. However, the proposed solutionsrequire changes in the architecture of mobile devices,or they require a new hardware that results in anincrease of cost and these may not be feasible for allmobile devices. Computation offloading technique is proposed with the objective to migrate the largecomputations and complex processing from mobile

devices to the servers in clouds. This avoids longerapplication execution time on mobile devices whichresults in extending the battery lifetime.

6.2 Improving data storage capacity and processing power

Storage capacity is also a constraint for mobiledevices. MCC is developed to enable mobile users tostore/access the large data present in the cloud through

wireless networks. First example is the AmazonSimple Storage Service (Amazon S3) which supportsfile storage service. Another example is ImageExchange which utilizes the large storage space inclouds for mobile users. This mobile photo sharingservice enables mobile users to upload images to theclouds immediately after capturing. Users may accessall images from any devices. With cloud, the Userscan save large amount of energy and storage space ontheir mobile devices since all images are sent and processed on the clouds.

6.3 Improving reliability

Storing data or running applications on clouds is aneffective way to improve the reliability since the dataand application are stored and backed up on a numberof computers. This reduces the chance of data andapplication lost on the mobile devices. In addition,MCC can be designed as a comprehensive datasecurity model for both service providers and users.

VII. RESEARCH

Mobile cloud computing encompasses numerousresearch fields and subjects. Here there are someinteresting research subjects in MCC [9].

7.1 Engineering for MCC

The research work on engineering for MCC mustfocus on how to use well-defined and cost-effectivemodelling, design, validating, and measurementmethodologies and techniques and tools to support thedevelopment of mobile clouds and service

applications. Here, special attentions should be givento design and testing for mobile cloud scalability,multi-tenanted mobile SaaS, energy-efficiency mobilecomputing, cloud mobility and mobile security.

7.2 Mobile networking for MCC

Mobile networking in mobile clouds encompassesdiverse wireless networks and Internet. Innovativenetwork protocols and communication technologiesshould be the major research focuses in thenetworking community to address desirable needs in

energy- efficient communications, elastic scalabilityin network infrastructures, and intelligent connectivityamong networks, devices, and computers.


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7.3 Mobile cloud infrastructure

The research work on this subject focuses on how to build cost-effective and energy efficient mobile cloudinfrastructures to support three groups of underlyingresources: a) computing resources, b) network

resources, and c) storage resources. The typical topicsinclude resource provision, virtualization,management, and monitoring, as well as load balancing and usage billing.

7.4 Mobile platform and enabled technologies

Providing efficient and easy to use mobile platformson mobile devices has been a focused subject in bothacademic and industry. As mobile apps become moresophisticated, they can be preferable over theirdesktop counterparts: fully functional, but faster and

easier to use. Two major computer makersIBSG Cisco, “Mobile Consumers reach for the

Cloud”.

the potential for huge disruption through asubtlemerger of traditional desktop computing and mobile platform.

7.5 Mobile cyber security in MCC

The research on this address security issues and needsat different levels in MCC, including mobile cloud

infrastructures, networks, platforms, and serviceapplications. Typical attentions could d be given tomobile data and information security, end-to-endmobile transactions, secured mobile cloudconnectivity, and security management and assuranceon mobile clouds.

7.6 Mobile SaaS

According to a recent report from Forrester forecasts,mobile SaaS market will reach over $92 billion by

2016. Some existing mobile SaaS examples includeApple‟sMobileMe, Funambol, andMicrosoft‟sLiveMesh. For large-scale mobile SaaSapplications, we expect to see interesting researchtopics on mobile SaaS reference infrastructures andarchitectures, mobile SaaS platforms and frameworks,services and engineering.

7.7 Green computing in MCC

Green computing has been a very hot research field inmobile computing and cloud computing. Energy-

efficient computing will be a hot research subject onmobile clouds to address different issues andchallenges in three different areas: a) green cloudinfrastructures and servers, b) energy-efficient

communications and b) energy saving computing onmobile devices and mobile client technology.

VIII. CONCLUSION

Mobile Cloud computing (MCC) is one of the mobile

technology trends in future since it combines theadvantage of both mobile computing and cloudcomputing. With the importance, this paper has provided an overview of mobile cloud computing inwhich its definitions, architecture and advantages have been presented. The applications supported by MCCwhich includes mobile commerce, mobile learningand mobile healthcare have been discussed whichclearly show the applicability of the mobile cloudcomputing to a wide range of mobile services. Thenthe challenges and related approaches for MCC have been discussed. Finally, the future research directions

have been outlined.

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Documents

A Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing Architecture, Applications and Challenges