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ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.03,Issue.20

September-2014,

Pages:4120-4122

Copyright @ 2014 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

A Smart Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring an Agricultural

Environment using Embedded System CHALLAGALI ANIL BABU

1, G. SAMPATH KUMAR

2

1PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Rangareddy, Telangana, India. 2Asst Prof, Dept of ECE, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Rangareddy, Telangana, India.

Abstract: This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural

environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as temperature and humidity along with

other factors can be of significance. The ability to document and detail changes in parameters of interest has become

increasingly valuable. Investigations were performed for a remote monitoring system using WiFi, where the wireless sensor

nodes are based on WSN802G modules. These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores

it and allows it to be analyzed and displayed as needed.

Keywords: WIFI; 802.11g; Wireless Sensor Network; WSN802G Modules; Smart Sensing; Agricultural Monitoring;

Temperature Measurement; Humidity Measurement; Atmospheric Pressure Measurement; Soil Moisture; Water Level; Light

Detection.

I. INTRODUCTION

Sensor Networks have been deployed for a wide variety of

applications and awareness has increased with regards to

implementing technology into an agricultural environment.

Manual collection of data for chosen factors can be

sporadic and produce variations from incorrect measurement

taking; this can cause complications in controlling any

important factors .Wireless sensor nodes can reduce

effort and time required for monitoring a particular

environment. The logging of data allows for reduced

likelihood of data being misplaced or lost. Sensor nodes

could be placed in critical sites without the need to put

personnel in hazardous situations. Monitoring systems can

ensure quicker response to adverse factors and conditions,

better quality control of produce and lower labor cost.

The utilization of technology would allow for remote

measurement of factors such as temperature, humidity,

atmospheric pressure, soil moisture, water level and light

detection. There seems to be increased development aimed

towards wireless solutions in comparison to wired-based

systems. One particular reason is sensor location can often

require repositioning and traditional wire layouts could

cost a significant deal of energy and time.

The system aims to reduce the cost and effort of

incorporating wiring and also to enhance the flexibility

and mobility of sensing points. When generating the idea

for this project, the likely scenario considered was

deployment in agricultural environments such as fields or

greenhouses. The wireless sensor network investigates being

a comparatively selforganizing system. It allows sensor

nodes to connect to a network and have their data logged to a

selected server. A system has been developed which can

monitor environmental factors of interest, where data can

be sent or received and, an operator who is based at a remote

location can issue commands using a wireless medium.

The conceptual diagram is shown in (Figure 1) The present

paper describes the development of a wireless sensor

network for measuring environmental factors. The wireless

connection is implemented to acquire data from the various

sensors, in addition to allow set up difficulty to be reduced.

II. THE HARDWARE SYSTEM

Micro controller: This section forms the control unit of the

whole project. This section basically consists of a

Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with

capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors (if needed) and

so on. The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project

because it controls the devices being interfaced and

communicates with the devices according to the program

being written.

S3C2440A:S3C2440A 16/32-bit RISC microprocessor.

SAMSUNG’s S3C2440A is designed to provide hand-held

devices and general applications with low-power, and high-

performance microcontroller solution in small die size. To

reduce total system cost, the S3C2440A includes the

following components. The S3C2440A is developed with

ARM920T core, 0.13um CMOS standard cells and a

memory complier. Its low power, simple, elegant and fully

CHALLAGALI ANIL BABU, G. SAMPATH KUMAR

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.20, September-2014, Pages: 4120-4122

static design is particularly suitable for cost- and power-

sensitive applications. It adopts a new bus architecture

known as Advanced Micro controller Bus Architecture

(AMBA). The S3C2440A offers outstanding features with

its CPU core, a 16/32-bit ARM920T RISC processor

designed by Advanced RISC Machines, Ltd.

Liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display,

electronic visual display that uses the light modulation

properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light

directly. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or

fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as

preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital

clock. They use the same basic technology, except that

arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small

pixels, while other displays have larger elements.

III. DESIGN OF PROPOSED HARDWARE SYSTEM

Fig.1.Block diagram.

In present scenario, there is no mechanism to find where

irrigation is needed. In this Project, we made Zigbee wireless

sensor network for monitoring the crop field area by

Deploying water sensors in the land to detect the places

where the water level is low. From Those results we irrigate

to that particular place only. From the above methodology

we Can conserve water and minimize the problem of water

logging in the land. We used humidity Sensor to sense the

weather. By this the farmer can get idea about the climate. If

There is any chance for rainfall; the farmer need not irrigate

the crop field. Due to this we can Conserve water and also

power since we didn’t turn on motors. Nowadays in the

crops the Fertilizer level is increasing, which affects people.

By using pH sensors we get the Information about the soil

and analyze the acid level of the soil. By which we can apply

fertilizer to the place where it needs, also we can avoid over

fertilization of the crops. Temperature is a randomly varying

quantity in the environment of paddy field. Temperature

reading gives Information to the farmer. By using

temperature sensors we can detect the temperature, and

irrigate the water to the crop. The system uses a compact

circuitry built around LPC2148 (ARM7) microcontroller

Programs are developed in Embedded C. Flash magic is used

for loading programs into Microcontroller.

IV.BOARD HARDWARE RESOURCES FEATURES

GSM: An embedded system is a special-purpose system in

which the computer is completely encapsulated by or

dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a

general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an

embedded system performs one or a few pre-defined tasks,

usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is

dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it,

reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems

are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of

scale. When a mobile subscriber roams into a new location

area (new VLR), the VLR automatically determines that it

must update the HLR with the new location information,

which it does using an SS7 Location Update Request

Message. The Location Update Message is routed to the

HLR through the SS7 network, based on the global title

translation of the IMSI that is stored within the SCCP Called

Party Address portion of the message. The HLR responds

with a message that informs the VLR whether the subscriber

should be provided service in the new location. GSM has

been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile

telecoms over the last decade. Now, at the dawn of the era of

true broadband services, GSM continues to evolve to meet

new demands. One of GSM's great strengths is its

international roaming capability, giving consumers a

seamless service. This has been a vital driver in growth, with

around 300 million. In the Americas, today's 7 million

subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with market potential of

500 million in population, due to the introduction of GSM

800, which allows operators using the 800 MHz band to

have access to GSM technology

Temperature Sensor: The LM35 is an integrated circuit

sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an

electrical output proportional to the temperature (in oC)

The LM35 - An Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensor

You can measure temperature more accurately than

a using a thermistor.

The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to

oxidation, etc.

The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than

thermocouples and may not require that the output

voltage be amplified.

Humidity: Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the

air. In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken

to mean relative humidity. Relative humidity is defined as

the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in a parcel of

air to the saturated vapor pressure of water vapor at a

prescribed temperature. Humidity may also be expressed as

absolute humidity and specific humidity. Relative humidity

is an important metric used in forecasting weather. Humidity

indicates the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog. High

Water level

sensor

A Smart Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring an Agricultural Environment using Embedded System

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.20, September-2014, Pages: 4120-4122

humidity makes people feel hotter outside in the summer

because it reduces the effectiveness of sweating to cool the

body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the

skin.

Motor Driver: The L293 is an integrated circuit motor

driver that can be used for simultaneous, bi-directional

control of two small motors. Small means small. The L293 is

limited to 600 mA, but in reality can only handle much small

currents unless you have done some serious heat sinking to

keep the case temperature down. Unsure about whether the

L293 will work with your motor? Hook up the circuit and

run your motor while keeping your finger on the chip. If it

gets too hot to touch, you can't use it with your motor. (Note

to ME2011 students: The L293 should be OK for your small

motor but is not OK for your gear motor.)The L293 comes in

a standard 16-pin, dual-in line integrated circuit package.

There is an L293 and an L293D part number. Pick the "D"

version because it has built in flyback diodes to minimize

inductive voltage spikes. The pinout for the L293 in the 16-

pin package is shown below in top view. Pin 1 is at the top

left when the notch in the package faces up. Note that the

names for pin functions may be slightly different than what

is shown in the following diagrams.

V. RESULTS

Fig2.

VI. CONCLUSION

The current system performs well for transferring and

logging of values from the various sensor nodes. It allows

for relatively easy connection to nodes and communication.

Further work is required on protective casing of nodes

under extreme weather conditions. Battery and powering

from renewable sources requires investigation. The system

allows for additional or interchangeable sensors to be

connected as the need occurs. Further investigation is

planned for integrating the measurement of nitrates in water

sources near agricultural environments. This is of special

interest due to health concerns connected with nitrates,

such as Methemoglobinemiaas. There is also opportunity

to merge the logging and graphing applications, so that

there would be minimal user intervention. The system

allows for relatively easy use and can be operated with

standard commercial products that are commonly

implemented allowing users to utilize equipment already in

use.

VII. REFERENCES

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Cayirci, “A Survey on Sensor Networks,” IEEE

Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No.9, pp. 102-114,

August 2002.

[2] I. A. Aziz, M. H. Hasan, M. J. Ismail, M. Mehat,

and N. S. Haron, “Remote monitoring in agricultural

greenhouse using wireless sensor and short message

service (SMS),” International Journal of Engineering &

Technology IJET Vol: 9 No: 9

[3] A. D, S. Roy, and S. Bandyopadhyay, “Agro-sense:

precision agriculture using sensor-based wireless mesh

networks,” First ITU-T Kaleidoscope Academic Conference.

[4] J. S. Lin, and C. Liu, "A monitoring system based

on wireless sensornetwork and an SoC platform in

precision agriculture," 11th IEEE International Conference

on Communication Technology Proceedings, 2008

[5] G. W. Irwin, J Colandairaj, and W. G. Scanlon,

“An overview of wireless networks in control and

monitoring,” International Conference on Intelligent

Computing, Kunming , CHINE (2006), Vol. 4114, 2006, pp.

1061-1072.

[6] R.F.M. Inc., “Wireless temperature sensor, application

note AN80201, 2009,” http://www.RFM.com/.

[7] T. Chi, M. Chen, and Q. Gao, “Implementation and

study of a greenhouse environment surveillance system

based on wireless sensor network,” The 2008

International Conference on Embedded Software and

Systems Symposia (ICESS2008)

[8] O. Books, All about Greenhouses,LASTOrtho, Meredith

Books, 2001,pp. 60-70

[9] M. Hawfke, S. C. Mukhopadhyay, and H. Ewald, "A

zigbee based smart sensing platform for monitoring

environmental parameters," IEEE Instrumentation and

Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2011

[10] F J Veihmeyer, and A H Hendrickson, "Soil

Moisture in Relation to Plant Growth," Annual Review

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[11] R.F.M. Inc., “WSN802G series 802.11g wireless

sensor network modules integration guide, 2010,” http://

www .RFM.com/.

[12] M. A. M. Yunus, G. R. Mendez, and S. C.

Mukhopadhyay, “Development of a Low Cost System

for Nitrate and Contamination Detections in Natural Water

Supply based on a Planar Electromagnetic Sensor,”

Proceedings of IEEE I2MTC 2011 conference, IEEE

Catalog number CFP11MT-CDR, ISBN 978-1-4244-7934-4,

May 10-12, 2011,Hangzhou China, pp. 1557-1562.