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A Silicon Analogof the
Carbon Based Laboratory Instructor
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
Professor Rudolph W. KluiberRutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
General Chemistry Laboratory
Talking to the Molecules
1. Philosophy • Teach General Chemistry• Teach Other Skills
2. Students• First college chemistry course• Varied Interests• Varied Ability
3. Teacher• Communication Skills• Interest• Ability
1. Cook Book or Verification• Students are given specific instructions.• Learn laboratory techniques and logic.• Comfortable and convenient.• Correlate with lecture to form a “community”.
2. Guided Inquiry or Discovery• Students are given general instructions.• Students work out the details.• Teach the student to think.• Make them think they figured it out
3. Others• Research Projects• Collaboration
PHILOSOPHIES
SUPPORTING
Classic Cook Book ChemistryIt’s EASY, COMFORTABLE and ROUTINE
STUDENTS• Almost all are not chem majors• Varied background (skill, ethic and temperament)
• First college chemistry laboratory course• Most are foreign born; majority are women
INSTRUCTORS• All are foreign born• Many initially have language problems• Familiarity brings comfort
PHILOSOPHY• Laboratory supports lecture
Classic Cook Book Chemistry…IT’S EASY
DRAWBACKS• Copying and cheating can be prevalent
• PreLabs• Experiments: section to section, year to year
• Learning can be minimal• Laboratory should be fun• Laboratory is a joke
• Labs are labor intensive• Junior faculty are hired to carry out research• Laboratory used to increase contact hours• Return on teaching investment
• Good, cheap help is hard to get (undergraduates?)
• May create conflicts of interest• Lack scientific sophistication
Dell Poweredge 2600
1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU
33.8 GB SCSI Memory
$3,000
Physically, Mentally and Visually challengedExcellent memory, consistent, tireless, accurate
GenChemA Combination of Hardware and Software
Dell Poweredge 2600
1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU
33.8 GB SCSI Memory
$3,000 COOK BOOK
Physically, Mentally and Visually challengedExcellent memory, consistent, tireless, accurate
GenChemA Combination of Hardware and Software
Dell Poweredge 2600
1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU
33.8 GB SCSI Memory
$3,000
NOTE: GenChem software can be easily transferred to another WinTel server
Contact: [email protected]
GenChemA Combination of Hardware and Software
Rutgers University (Newark)
General Chemistry Laboratory• Two semester course
• 1 credit each semester
• Meet for 170 min, 1X/week, 14 weeks • 14 experiments-5 extra credit/semester
• Written 3 hour FINAL Exam
• Pre- or Co-Requisite: 4 credit lecture
• Separate grade for Laboratory
• Students work individually
• Four Lab Practicals per semester
What GenChem Does1. Creates a course Syllabus. Puts it on the web.2. Produces printer ready copy for a Lab Manual.3. Provides Pre-lab Talks as web-based downloadable videos.4. Produces individualized web-based PreLabs. Records passing.5. Provides Start-of-Experiment Quiz.6. Individualizes each experiment.7. Accepts student’s Experimental Work and evaluates.8. Accepts Calculations and Conclusion and evaluates.9. Issues Warnings but only on initial entries.10. Grades each student’s work. Treats all students equally.11. Acknowledges particularly good work12. Allows each student to access their Course Record, anytime.13. Gives out Final Course Grade at the end of the semester.
SYLLABUS
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORYSYLLABUS (Chem 113)
SUMMER 2006 More About Chem 113 Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors
WHEN IN THE LABORATORY Wear EYE PROTECTION and RESTRAIN HAIR
Chem 113 news
video Session Experiment About the Experiment PreLab
video 5/30 INTRO Use of the Balances and the Metric System ......
video 6/01 DENSITY Measuring the Density of a Solid and a Liquid DENASA
video 6/05 HYDRATES Characterization and Quantitative Measurement of Hydrates HYASA
video 6/06 NONMETALS-POLLUTIONGeneration and Characterization of Common
Gasses.Pollution
NMASA
video 6/08 ACID TITRATION Analysis of Vinegar and Vitamin CA LAB PRACTICAL AcidASA
video 6/13 SOLVAY PROCESS Do Chromatography today.
Pass SOLVAY PreLab.Do only the SOLVAY QUIZ
SOLASA
video 6/13 CHROMATOGRAPHY Separation and Identification of Cations ChromASA
video 6/15 MOLAR VOLUME
Measuring the Molar Volume of OxygenAssaying KClO3
A LAB PRACTICAL MVASA
video 6/19 CALORIMETRY Measuring Specific Heat, Heat of Solution, Heat of Reaction CalASA
video 6/20 PERIODIC TABLE Solubility of Group IIOxidation of Group VII1 PTASA
video 6/22 EQUIVALENT WEIGHT Eq.Wt. from Hydrogen Liberated and Acid
Used UpA LAB PRACTICAL
EqWASA
video 6/27 COPPER ANALYSIS Spectroscopic Analysis for Copper CuAnASA
video 6/29 GROUP I and pH Qualitative Analysis; pH of Common Liquids GIpHASA
video 7/03 DUMAS MOL. WT. M.W. of a Liquid by the Dumas MethodA LAB PRACTICAL MWASA
none 7/05 FINAL EXAM (Sem 1) Written Final, No Programmable CalculatorsConklin 100, 8:30 - 11:30 AM ......
GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORYSYLLABUS (Chem 114)
SUMMER 2006 More About Chem 114 Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors
WHEN IN THE LABORATORY Wear EYE PROTECTION and RESTRAIN HAIR
Chem 114 news
?video?
Session
Experiment About the Experiment PreLab
video 7/10 CALIBRATION Calibration of Volumetric Glassware ......
video 7/11 EDTA TITRATION Calcium Concentration by EDTA TitrationBring a Home Water Sample EDTASA
video 7/13 FREEZING POINT MW MW by Freezing Point Depression FPASA
video 7/17 LAB PRACTICAL, EqWt Equivalent Weight of an Acid by TitrationLAB PRACTICAL LPASA
video 7/18 PHOSPHATE ANALYSIS Analyzing for Phosphate SpectroscopicallyBring a Home Water Sample PhosASA
video 7/20 KINETICS Measuring and Using Rate Constants and Activation Energy ClockASA
video 7/25 EQUILIBRIUM Qualitative and Quantitative Equilibrium Studies EqASA
video 7/27 pH and BUFFERS Acids and pH Meters, Indicators, Ttitration, Buffers pHASA
video 8/01 SPOT TESTS Identifying a Mixture Using Spot Tests SpotASA
video 8/02 solutions Preparing solutions for Ksp (see Ksp below) KspASA
video 8/03 10 TESTTUBE MYSTERY Identifying the Contents of Ten Test TubesLab Practical TTMASA
video 8/08 CuAg AW of Silver Determining the AW of SilverLab Practical CuAgASA
video 8/09 Ksp of LEAD IODIDE Measuring Ksp by Spectroscopic Analysis for Iodide KspASA
video 8/10 ASPIRIN ANALYSIS Spectroscopic Analysis of an Aspirin TabletLAB Practical AspASA
none 8/15 FINAL EXAM (Sem 2) Written Final, No Programmable CalculatorsAckerson 123 8:30 - 11:30 AM ......
Pre-ExperimentGenChem working for the Student
1. Manual describes experiment
2. Videos show background and data collection
3. PreLab must be passed to start experiment
All the above can be done on-campus or off.
Videos and PreLabs are Web-Based
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
Pre-ExperimentGenchem working for the Student
1. Manual Describes each experiment
Step by step directions.
Mathematics andlogic discussed.
About 140 pages
$20.00 / manual
Pre-ExperimentGenchem working for the Student
2. Videos show background and data collection
Videos are 10-15 min (100-200 MB)
Show background, DATA collection
Calculations are displayed but not explained.
SONY CCR VX2000
Windows Movie Maker
.WMV format
Pre-ExperimentGenchem working for the Student
3. PreLab “Ticket” to start Experiment
Individualized ProblemMust answer problem correctly to continue.
8 multiple choice questions(7 correct to pass)May have 10 or more variations
Written in:Visual Basic Script,Active Server Protocol ASP.
The Experiment and GenChem1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
7. Grades and gives printout to student.
8. Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
9. Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
VISUAL FORTRAN
VISUAL FORTRAN
VISUAL FORTRAN
VISUAL FORTRAN
Enter DATA using keyboardLimited use of the mouse
Program only goes forwardThere are re-caps
The Experiment and GenChem1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
7. Grades and gives printout to student.
8. Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
9. Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
VARIATIONS in the CLOCK REACTION
k, a, b, and c
Values of [I-] [BrO3-] [H+]
CLOCK REACTION
The Experiment and GenChem1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
7. Grades and gives printout to student.
8. Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
9. Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
13-FEB-06 Time... 15:40:23 RISHI PARAJULI SECTION 1 Work-Station 30
COMPUTER INPUT EXPERIMENTAL DATA
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
WEIGHTS OF EMPTY FLASKS 124.8279 g 127.7825 g WEIGHTS OF FLASKS WITH KHP 125.4909 g 128.4934 g VOLUMES TO TITRATE KHP 16.65 mL 17.85 mL VINEGAR UNKNOWN NUMBER.....................312 VOLUMES TO TITRATE VINEGAR 24.10 mL 24.00 mL WEIGHT OF VITAMIN C TABLET 1382.1 mg VOLUME TO TITRATE TABLET 29.10 mL
CALCULATED VALUES
Calculated Molarities of NaOH .............. .1948 0.1950 M Average Molarity of NaOH. .................. 0.1949 M Calculated % Vinegars ...................... 5.636 5.613 % Average % Vinegar .......................... 5.624 % Mg of Ascorbic Acid in Vitamin C Tablet..... 972.620 mg
1) You made a small error in calculating one or both of your NaOH Molarities Don't forget to correct the Average Molarity as well (if necessary). If the average molarity changes, you will probably also need to recalculate the % Acetic Acid and mg Ascorbic Acid using the new NaOH Molarity 2) Your calculated mg of Ascorbic Acid is way off Remember: MW of Ascorbic Acid is 176.13 g/mol 3) There is something wrong with your sig figs Please check them
This is your only warning. It concerns only your CALCULATIONS. Your experimental work is not being evaluated here! work.
STAPLE the DATA SHEET on top of this SHEET when you turn in this EXPERIMENT
Calculation Warnings
A good experiment
Typical Graded Printout
ACID BASE TITRATION
Student repeated experiment and earned an 83
The Experiment and GenChem1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6. Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
7. Grades and gives printout to student.
8. Grading: “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
9. Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
100.0/99.9=100.1
GRADING13 EXPERIMENTS @ 99 pts/exp……
5 Extra Credit experiments…………
Quiz………………………………………….
Final Exam………………………………..
TOTAL………………………………………
1287
100
45
250
1682
Guarantee: A 1400; B 1250; C 1100
GRADING is on an absolute basisGRADING is not competitive!
GRADING is consistent
PLAYCHEM
Short Simple Significant
a series of EXTRA CREDIT
Experiments
http://genchem.rutgers.edu/PlayChem.html
1. ALCHEMY
4. BISULFATE
7. CALIBRATE
10. DENPEN
13. ICE
16. MOLRAT
19. MONEYKIN
22. POLLUTION
25. PUTTY & SLIME
28. SODACAN
31. ZERO
2. ASPIRIN
5. BLACKPEN
8. CANCRUSH
11. DOBJECT
14. IVY
17. MONEYCAL
20. ORG
23. POPCORN
26. REACT
29. STEELWOOL
32. ZINC IODIDE
3. AVOGADRO
4. BREATHALYZER
7. CANDLELIGHT
10. HYFORM
13. MILK
16. MONEYCULE
19. PARADOX
22. POTENTIAL
25. SOAP
30. VINEGAR
PLAYCHEM EXPERIMENTS
http://genchem.rutgers.edu/PlayChem.html
The Silicon, GenChem, ADVANTAGE
1. Makes students accountable.• Students vie for best grade rather than fastest exit!
2. Provides pre-lab talks (videos) on demand. 3. Individualizes and keeps record of PreLabs.4. Individualizes and keeps records of experiments.5. Warns of serious experimental errors.6. Warns of serious calculation errors.7. Checks sig figs. 100.0/99.9 = 1.0018. Grades and records lab work immediately9. Identical grading: student to student; year to year.10. Prevents and detects attempts at cheating.11. Allows extra-credit and repeat experiments.12. Keeps excellent, accurate up-to-date records.13. Allows synchronization with lecture.14. Allows many experiments to run concurrently.
• Controlled chaos15. Does not make errors.16. Does not suddenly disappear from the lab .
The GenChem ADVANTAGE1. Accountability2. Correlates with Lecture; Emphasizes Chemistry3. Graded on a absolute basis.
• All students can earn an A in the course.
4. Both ability and effort are rewarded. • 150 points separate letter grades• 100 points of extra credit (and fun)• Poor experiments may be repeated (with 5-9 pt penalty) • Repeat experiments are monitored by Carbon TA.
5. Competition for higher grade rather than fastest exit.6. Multiple experiments done simultaneously7. Peer instructors. Distance Learning
DISADVANTAGES of GenChem
1. Poor at enforcing SAFETY.• Stresses safety but can not enforce it.
2. Sits at the desk. Does not walk around.
3. Does not check DATA SHEET properly.
4. Does not check written work.
5. Does not check product purity.
6. Does not do RESEARCH.
7. Poor at relieving the agony of failure.• Not a people person
What Does “CARBON” Do?1. NEW TAs
• Check experiments beforehand
2. All TAs (undergraduate or Graduate)• Interact with students during laboratory time
• Check: DATA directly on data sheet in ink• Using proper experimental technique• Provide major help with PreLabs• Provide minor help with lab calculations• Explain the graded DATA SHEET• Provide encouragement where necessary
• Analyze UNKNOWNS• Grade products and occasional write-up• Keep balances from being destroyed• Make sure the lab is left clean
3. STOCKROOM• Provided Equipment and UNKNOWNS• Keeps laboratory clean and stocked
STUDENT EVALUATION (Chem 113 7/7/2006)
Based on ratings of 1-5
Total students getting grades... 54 (61)Total students evaluating... 48 Lab help in Lecture... 3.70 Help from Lecture... 3.21 Help from PreLabs... 4.25 Help from Videos... 4.42 Help From Manual... 3.79 Instructors rating... 4.02 Improve logic and thinking... 3.77 Positive learning experience... 3.83 Overall Rating... 3.83
“Don’t teach it the same way”
GenChemGeneral Chemistry Laboratory
• Teaches Chemistry
• Offers a smorgasbord of pedagogy
• Reinforces lecture
• Tries to challenge
• Works with our TAs and students
• Works for me
A Silicon Analogof the
Carbon Based Laboratory Instructor
CSiGeSnPb
GROUP IV
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
a TA called
GenChem
CSiGeSnPb
GROUP IV
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
100.0/99.9 = 100.1
TTALKALK TO THETO THE M MOLECULESOLECULES
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