A Seminar onA Seminar on AUTOMOBILE SAFETY AUTOMOBILE SAFETY

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG TRANSFORMATION never seen before.TRANSFORMATION never seen before.

Today CAR’s are not only used for personal Today CAR’s are not only used for personal Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED withTransport but they are ENCOMPASSED with

Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME THEATRE THEATRE Seating arrangement more comfortable than your Seating arrangement more comfortable than your RECLINERRECLINERSAFETY FEATURESSAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK making your car safer than a TANK

•Globally car companies Spend Globally car companies Spend nearly $36 billon annually for nearly $36 billon annually for influencing new TECHNOLOGIES influencing new TECHNOLOGIES into their cars.into their cars.

•Some of the big advancement in Automotive Industry in last 10years have come in a area of SAFETY.

In addition to Telematics based Services like

• Digital Satellite Radio

•In car E-mail

•GPS systems

Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have led to

•Shorter stopping distance

•Increased Control in PANIC situation

•More control on CURVED turns

Air BagsAir Bags

•What’s the main function of the System?

•Material of Airbags?

•History

Actual WorkingActual Working

Airbag Before Collision Airbag After Collision

Inflation unitInflation unit

•How does it INFLATES?

Effectiveness

This system has proven its effectiveness

• In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by nearly 14%

•Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11%

•NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only seatbelt i.e60%

Car ModelCar Model Head Injury Risk Head Injury Risk

              Airbag      Airbag             No Airbag  No Airbag  

Holden Commodore 28 28 48 48

Toyota CamryToyota Camry 20 20 44 44

Mitsubishi MagnaMitsubishi Magna 6 6 27 27

Ford FalconFord Falcon 14 14 N. A. N. A.

This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the system

Different types of AirbagsDifferent types of Airbags

DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG

PASSENGER AIR BAG

Curtain Airbags

Anti-lock Braking SystemAnti-lock Braking System

• Introduction?

•Advancement in the system?

•Working?

Advancement in the system?

How Does the system Works?

Working

Conventional BrakingConventional BrakingWhole process is controlled by driver applied break Whole process is controlled by driver applied break

paddle pressurepaddle pressure;;

ABS Braking ABS Braking Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speedElectric Sensors monitor the wheel speedABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed Control valve is energized.Control valve is energized.

EffectivenessEffectiveness

ABS on a test track

Advantages:Achives the Shortest Stopping distance

Better chance on Steering around obstacle

Reduced risk of skidding

Disadvantages:

Precautions should be taken while driving

Proved less effective on gravel road or road compacted by snow

Traction ControlTraction Control

Next Generation ABSNext Generation ABS

Uses ABS as a Building block.Uses ABS as a Building block.

Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine controlcontrol

Mainly the system has to control some or all conditions

Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more cylinders

Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder

Break one or more wheel

Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by wire throttle

Electronic Stability ControlElectronic Stability Control

Main Main componentscomponents of the system of the system

A) active wheel speed sensors;

B) steering angle sensor;

C) Yaw rate sensor

D) attached electronic control unit (ECU)

E) motor;

F) pressure sensor,

G) hydraulic unit.

Steering Angle Sensor

Understeering (“plowing out”) Oversteering (“spinning out”)

Some important ECS definitions

• ESC augments vehicle directional stability by applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.

• ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer of the vehicle when appropriate

Case StudyCase Study

A S-Class Mercedes sedan testing Bosch's ESP system