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A review of the current status of land based warm water recirculation fish farms
in England
20th February 2012
Keith Jeffery: Senior Fish Health Inspector
Why carry out a review ?
Research plan
Findings and case studies
R&D requirements
8th World Recirc Conference
2008 - Paul Abel European Grants Centre• Spate of Tilapia farms• Sustainability claims ?• Could Cefas investigate ?
2009 – Applied for Defra Challenge funding
2010 – Awarded contract to begin June 2010
Why carry out the Review ?
Project Plan
1. Technology, performance and operation of RAS.
2. Financial sustainability ?
3. Failures ?
4. Sustainability issues.
5. Contribution to the fish supply chain.
6. SWOT
7. Report
Interim 1 Literature Search / Conference
Interim 2 Field visits with semi structured interviews
Final Report
Findings and case studies
Production of table trout v’s RAS
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
E&W table trout
E&W RAS table fish
To
nn
es p
.a.
Findings and case studies
RAS production by species
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
English Tilapia
English barramundi
English catfish
Welsh Sea-bass
An
nu
al t
on
nag
e
Findings and case studies
RAS start up and shutdown
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
New opertors
Ceased operating
Findings and case studies
Top ten critical factors for success or failure
Government support
Veterinary support
Technical stock issues (e.g. maturation)
Added value/own processing
Supplier support
Husbandry difficulties
Disease
Scale of site
Supermarkets
Diet / nutrition
Access to markets
Competition from cheap imports
Staff aquaculture knowledge
Owner / manager experience
Sales price achieved
Demand for product
Fingerling supply (& price)
System design
Rank score
Case study 1- What Not to DoBuild Cost £10Million - £14million
Rental costs 25k pcm
Salt water supply ?? £2.10m3
Waste Treatment ?? £1500 pump out
Experienced staff ?? Nil
Insufficient bio-filtration
Water quality problems (all parameters)
H&S issues• Lack of harvesting technology• Lack of mort removal technology• Power supply
Species knowledge - change of diet
Lack of surrounding support industry
London investors - salary
Belt filters 3 men ½ day, 2k, 1Million
Depuration ? Released fish before ready
£16.00 per kilo (£6.00) – best £3.20 Av £2.40
BUT at END FCR 1.35, 95% Survival, 300g – 1k 4-6months TOO LATE
Case study 2 –Turkey & Tilapia (We thought he might make it)
Agricultural farmer diversification
Purchased system 2nd hand £75K
Existing vacant barn
Intended 40 tonnes
Close to London markets
Fisk keeping knowledge
BUT
Too many teething problems , too long
System designs faults
Inadequate filtration
Electricity, gas, water costs
Half sales – double costs
Unscrupulous customers – cheaper imports
£3.00 per kilo might have made it
Case study 3 – The Future ?1000 tonne site - Economy of scale
High Bio-security – Ozone in
Good water supply !!
Dedicated sales manager
Skilled, experienced staff part of big group
Now have significant backing
Market uptake for product - body shape
Contract with higher end supermarket
Adequate filtration, solids removal - alarms
No medicines / health problems
Lower lipid diets
95% survival FCR1.3
Bio-remediation Wetlands
BUT – Electricity supply ? generators, Nimbys, 24 hr attn, Staff,
Not easy, still improving technology, Know your market!
R&D requirements(industry suggestions)
Economics & running costs Improving the energy efficiency of RAS. Greater integration of alternative
(greener) energy sources thus reducing both carbon footprint and running costs.
Technology & System design Investigation of long-term effects on RAS e.g. build up of
organics, heavy metals with small replacement volumes. Is the removal of trace elements a problem? Better delivery systems for Oxygen O2 and Ozone O3 Cheaper water quality monitoring equipment Improvement in a common design Simplification of systems Long term prospects and issues for RAS
Stock Improving growth rate genetic selection and selective breeding Domestication of alternative species & research into their lifecycles Genetic selection of existing aquaculture species for farming in RAS Saltwater tilapia production systems / work better and easier to run
Feed Development of fish meal and oil
alternatives Development of RAS specific diets Use of sprouted grains and seeds for herbivorous fish
Discharge Use of effluents as very rich in nutrients Aquaponics
Product Consistency of quality of product Research into tainting (taste)
Others Image of fish farming needs to be
improved Closer co-operation between science and
RAS sector (more applied research)
8th World Recirculation Conference
Virginia Tech - International Conference - 2 years
• RAS in Penaeid Shrimp Culture• RAS for Salmonids• RAS Technology for Mollusk Culture• RAS Process Control • Fish Health/ RAS Biosecurity • Culture of Algae as an Alternative Fuel Source • Innovative Feeds for RAS• Sustainable RAS