ACADEMIC INTEGRITY & PROPER CITATIONS

FOR APA STYLESpring 2016

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Why Cite? & Academic Integrity APA resources In-text citations Reference List:

How to cite a scholarly article How to cite a news article How to cite a book How to cite a website

APA Formatting Setting up and Using a RefWorks Account

EXPECTATIONS

Review an APA reference and identify type of source

Proofread an APA citation and reference for proper use

Basic familiarity with APA style Familiarity with APA resources

WHY?

Service to readers Academic Integrity Your grade!

Consistency Community

Why Cite? Why APA?

APA RESOURCES American Psychological Association. (2010).

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.1

American Psychological Association. (2007). APA style guide to electronic references. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

APA Style Online Tutorial APA Style Blog Purdue OWL - APA1. All citation and formatting rules found in this presentation are from this source. Check this area of each slide for a page reference.

APA RESOURCES – USE YOUR TOPIC GUIDE!

Homepage < Guides < Topic Guides < The Ultimate Guide to APA Style

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY & PLAGIARISM

Your ideas supported by the research of others Summary, paraphrase

or direct quote Always cite ideas of

others Readers can easily find

ideas or facts referenced in your paper

Copy & paste writing of others Weak paraphrasing does

not alter the original author’s writing sufficiently

Too many direct quotations No citations to ideas of

others Improper citations Readers are unable to

verify facts or ideas presented in your paper

Scholarly Research Plagiarism

HOW TO PARAPHRASE Be sure you understand the original text – you

can’t summarize something you don’t understand!

Take notes as you read, writing summaries of important points or sources for your paper. Some students find note cards to be a useful note-

taking/summarizing tool Set the original aside while you write your

summary A paraphrase does not contain ANY phrases

given in the original – completely your own words Should be your own voice, matching the rest of your

paper

THE GENERIC REFERENCE

WhoWhatWhen Where

Chuck. (2009, November 5). The generic reference. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/11/the-generic-reference.html

IN TEXT CITATIONS

Shyles (2002) notes that analog signals are continuous.

Shyles’ 2002 study noted that analog signals are continuous.

Analog signals are continuous (Shyles, 2002).

Severin and Tankard (2001) claim… (Severin & Tankard, 2001)

Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum (1957) found…(first time cited)

Osgood et al. (1957) found…(subsequent citations)

Osgood et al. found… (subsequent citations within same paragraph as above example)

For more than 6 authors, cite only the first author followed by et al. and the year.

One or Two Authors Multiple Authors

APA Manual (p. 174-175)

IN TEXT CITATIONS

A study by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, 2004) states… (first citation)

The FCC (2004) claims…(subsequent citations)

Use first few words of the reference (typically the title) Double quotes around

title of article, chapter or webpage; italicize title of periodical, book, or report

This is an example (“Newspaper Article,” 2005).

The book Examples (2007) states…

Organizational Author No Author

APA Manual (p.176 – 177)

IN TEXT CITATIONS DIRECT QUOTATIONS

Direct quotes from a source are enclosed in double quotation marks, with the page number given in parentheses at the end of the quote, before the period:

Shyles (2002) claims that the Strowger switch “quickly became the backbone of the world’s telecommunication network” (p. 115).

APA Manual (p. 92)

IN TEXT CITATIONS DIRECT QUOTATIONS

Quotations of 40 words or more are presented in a block, without quotation marks, with the page number given in parentheses at the end, after the final period:

Dickens (1859) stated: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way. (p. 1)

APA Manual (p. 92)

REFERENCE LIST: FORMATTING

List references in alphabetical order. Include only works that have been cited in the text of your paper. Space evenly throughout. The first line of a citation should be flush left

Indent all subsequent lines (5 spaces).

ReferencesBerelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, and M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in Public Opinion and

Communication (2nd ed.), pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication Theories: Origins,

Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman.

Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering Cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

REFERENCE LIST:SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]

Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page.

Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant paradigm. Theory and Society, 6, 205-253.

In Print

p.198-199

REFERENCE LIST:SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]

Retrieved OnlineAuthor, A. B., & Writer, C. D. (YEAR). Title of

the article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page. doi:1053/45614-5643

Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011). Motivational processing and choice behavior during television viewing: An integrative dynamic approach. Journal of Communication, 61, 71-93. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01527.x

p.198-199

REFERENCE LISTSCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]

Always leave names of authors in the order they are given.

More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last author.

DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or name of database

Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue number in parentheses Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23(2),

14-23.

p.198-199

First page of an article

Article Record from a Database

Always double-check!

Automatically generate citations or export to Refworks.

REFERENCE LISTNEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of article. Title of the Newspaper, p. SectionPage. OR pp. SectionPages.

“If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).”

Bieply, M., & Barnes, B. (2011, March 1). Younger audience still eludes the Oscars. The New York Times, pp. C1, C7.

Print Newspaper Article

p. 200

REFERENCE LISTNEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of article. Title of the Newspaper. Retrieved from URL of the homepage

*If no author is provided, begin with the title of the article, then the date.

Bialik, C. (2011, February 26). Pollsters struggle for accurate picture of Mideast. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/

Online Newspaper Article

p. 200

REFERENCE LISTBOOKS

Author, A. B. (YEAR). Title of the book (xth ed.). Location: Publisher.

Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

p. 202

REFERENCE LISTBOOK CHAPTERAuthor, A. B. (YEAR). Title of chapter. In A.

Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. beginpage-endpage). Location: Publisher.

*For works retrieved online, include DOI if available, or if not available, use Retrieved from.

Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, & M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and communication (2nd ed.) pp. 260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.

Catalog Record

REFERENCE LIST WEBPAGES

Author, A. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title of page or document [Format description]. Retrieved from URL of site

Basic Citation

Variations

•Format description is only for unusual format types:• Example format descriptions: Blog post, Twitter post,

Facebook update, Press release •The author could also be the publishing organization, if no person is named.• Give as specific a date as possible. If no date is available, use the abbreviation (n.d.) for “no date.”

Source: How to cite something you found on a website in APA style from the APA Style Blog

REFERENCE LIST WEBPAGES

NBC Universal. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.nbcuni.com/about-us/

DeGeorges, T. (2011, February 25). I didn’t tape that, my TV alter-ego did [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.twcableuntangled.com/2011/02/i-didnt-tape-that-my-tv-alter-ego-did/

FORMATTING YOUR PAPER Typed, double-

spaced 1” margins on all

sides 12 pt. Times New

Roman font Include Running

Head Four major sections:

Title page Abstract Main Body References

Source: Purdue OWL

CONCLUSION There are many more types of documents

that you may need to cite in APA style. There are unusual situations you may

encounter when preparing your reference list.

When in doubt, check a trustworthy APA resource, or the publication manual itself.

Reference librarians are available to help with APA citations.

The Writing Center can help throughout the writing process, including APA formatting.

HTTP://EZPROXY.VILLANOVA.EDU/LOGIN?URL=HTTP://WWW.REFWORKS.COM/REFWORKS

CON

TACT INFO

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For APA Style Help

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Alexander WilliamsLearning Commons, Room 227alexander.williams@villanova.edu 610-519-8845

APA Quiz:https://

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