534 SCHOOL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

Kempton, Picture of prehistoric maize vas. U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook,1936, p. 457.

Levine, C. 0., Swine, sheep and goats in the orient. Jour. of Hered., Vol.XI, p. 116, 1920.

Morgan, Thomas H., Evolution and genetics. Princeton Univ. Press.Popenoe, W., The frutilla or Chilean strawberry. Jour. of Hered.y Vol. XII,

p. 457, 1921.Richaria, R. H., Cytological investigation of Raphanus sativus, Brassica

cleracea, and their Fi and F2 hybrids. Journ. Genet. 34: 19-44, 1937.Shannon, T. W., Self knowledge. Cincinnati, S. A. Mullikin Co.Tinkle, Wm. J., Fundamentals of zoology. P. 435 ff.; Grand Rapids, Zon-

dervan Publ. House, 1939.

A BRIEF COLLEGE COURSE IN SCIENCEFOR ELEMENTARY TEACHERS

LEONARD A. FORDState Teachers College^ Mankato, Minnesota

A science course which is designed to prepare students toteach 7th and 8th grade science according to the course of studyoutlined by the state department of education is given in thetwo year curriculum at Mankato State Teachers College. Ajudicious use of time is necessary since this 4 quarter hour courseis the only science work provided in the curriculum. A study hasbeen made to determine how to use the time most effectively.The course content of the 7th and 8th grade science as rec-

ommended by the department of education is largely physicalscience. Approximately j of the syllabus deals with physicalscience and f is evenly divided between biological science andtopics relating to health and first aid. A study of the state boardexaminations in the 8th grade shows an increasing emphasis onphysical science principles.On the basis of these findings the course in science for pro-

spective teachers in rural schools should emphasize physicalscience. The topics on health and first aid which are generallyincluded in the 7th and 8th grade science can be omitted becausestudents take a special course in this work.The first part of the course is divided into units on astronomy,

meteorology, geology, electricity and magnetism, sound andlight, and plants and animals associated with gardening andconservation. To enable the students to obtain a background toteach the subject matter associated with such subjects as air,water, fire and energy, four weeks is given to a study of the

SCIENCE FOR ELEMENTARY TEACHERS 535

physics and chemistry of the structure of matter, gases, solidsand liquids. One week is used in the ’study of some of the newdevelopments in science: the airplane, plastics, war gases, syn-thetics and vitamins. Required reading in the course is selectedfrom several textbooks and periodicals.1

Simple experiments using homemade apparatus are performedby the students. Lecture work is supplemented with film strips,movies and field trips. Students examine and make reports on 10or 12 of the common grade texts in 7th and 8th grade science andstudy some of the current literature on science teaching in theelementary level.The ultimate goal in this brief course in science is twofold: to

stimulate student interest in science and to suggest teachingmethods in the presentation of subject matter.

1 Craig, Gerald S. Science for the Elementary-School Teacher. Ginn and Co. 1940.

Cable, Emmett James, Getchell, Robert Ward, Kadesch, William Henry. The Physical Sciences.

Prentice-Hall. 1940.McCorkle, Paul. Survey of Physical Science for College Students. P. Blakiston’s Son and Co., Inc. 1938.Science of Pre-Flight Aeronautics/or High Schools. The Macmillan Co. 1942.The Conservation Volunteer, Official Bulletin of The Minnesota Department of Conservation.

NATIONAL CHEMICAL SHOW IN CHICAGOSponsored by the Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society, the

third National Chemical Exposition will be held Nov. 15 through 19, 1944at the Chicago Coliseum, it is announced by M. H. Arveson, Chairman ofthe Exposition Committee.The two preceding exhibitions under the same auspices, the first in 1940

and the second in 1942, were held in Chicago Loop hotels. It is reportedthat a survey of prospective exhibitors for the 1944 show indicated thatinfinitely more display space would have to be provided than could bemade available in any Loop location.

Accordingly the Committee adopted the alternative of leasing the near-est available exhibition building to the Loop, the historic Coliseum, at15th Street and Wabash Avenue. Scene of numerous national political con-ventions, trade shows, circuses and other major events over a period ofyears, the structure recently passed into new ownership. It has beencompletely rehabilitated and has excellent transportation facilities.Marcus W. Hinson, Manager of the first two national shows, will direct

the November exposition. He states that more than 50,000 square feet offloor space will be made available, all of which is on one floor.

WATER RESISTANT CLOTHFire hose, canvas and raincoats are now being made of a new cotton

fiber which, when moistened, swells enough to block up the interstices infabrics made from it. The cloth becomes water-resistant and water-repellent.