A) cell A, onlyB) cell B, onlyC) both cell A and cell BD) neither cell A nor cell B

1. Cell A and cell B are both in the final stages of celldivision. Which one represents budding?

A) All genetic material comes from one parent.B) Only some of the genetic material comes from one

parent.C) The size of the parent determines the amount of

genetic material.D) The size of the parent determines the source of the

genetic material.

2. A pattern of reproduction and growth in a one-celledorganism is shown below.

Which statement best describes this pattern ofreproduction?

A) one parent, union of gametes, offspring similar tobut not genetically identical to the parent

B) one parent, no union of gametes, offspringgenetically identical to parents

C) two parents, union of gametes, offspring similar tobut not genetically identical to parents

D) two parents, no union of gametes, offspringgenetically identical to parents

3. Which phrases best identify characteristics of asexualreproduction?

A) Different kinds of body cells in a cloned sheepcontain different DNA.

B) Cloned sheep cannot produce offspring if they aremated with noncloned sheep.

C) Two sheep cloned from the same parent cannotmate and have offspring.

D) Many cells in cloned sheep have two identicalnuclei, instead of a single nucleus.

4. Sheep were the first species of mammals to be cloned.Which statement about cloned sheep is correct?

A) fertilization B) recombinationC) mitosis D) meiosis

5. The bud shown in the diagram below was produced byasexual reproduction.

Which process is responsible for the formation of thebud?

A)

B)

C)

D)

6. The number in each circle below represents thechromosome number of the cell. Which diagramrepresents the production of offspring by an asexuallyreproducing organism

7. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Thediagram represents a single-celled organism, such as an amoeba, undergoing the changes shown.

A) meiotic cell division B) mitotic cell divisionC) fertilization D) recombination

Process 1 and process 2 are directly involved in

A) synthesis of a cell plate at 1, pinching in of thecell membrane at 2

B) pinching in of the cell membrane at 1, synthesis of acell plate at 2

C) replication of a chromatid at 1, spindle apparatusjoining the nuclear membrane with the cellmembrane at 2

D) spindle apparatus joining the nuclear membranewith the cell membrane at 1, replication of achromatid at 2

8. Diagrams A and B represent two cells in the final stageof cell division.

Which processes occur in regions 1 and 2 in these cells?

A) It is exactly the same in plant and animal cells.B) The walls of plant cells pinch in, but the

membranes of animal cells do not.C) Most plant cells use centrioles, but most animal

cells do not.D) In both plants and animals, the daughter cells

are genetically identical to the original cell.

9. Which statement most accurately compares mitotic celldivision in plant and animal cells?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

10. Which row in the chart below indicates the correctprocess for each event indicated?

A) 6 B) 12 C) 24 D) 48

11. A dogfish shark contains 24 chromosomes in each of itsmuscle cells. How many chromosomes are normallyfound in each of its sex cells?

A) the process of cloningB) mitotic cell division of gametesC) gametes with chromosomes that are not pairedD) the external fertilization of sex cells

12. Reproduction in humans usually requires

A) mitosis B) meiosisC) recombination D) cloning

13. The diagram below represents structures found in ahuman female.

Which process results in the formation of structure X?

A) B)

C) D)

14. The diagram below illustrates some of the changes that occur during gamete formation.

Which graph best represents the changes in the amount of DNA in one of the cells at each stage?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

15. In human females, how many egg cells are formed as aresult of one primary sex cell undergoing normalmeiotic cell division?

A) asexual reproductionB) meiosisC) mitosisD) vegetative propagation

16. The distribution of chromosomes in one type of celldivision is shown in the diagram below.

Which process is represented in the diagram?

A) Stage X is a zygote and contains half the numberof chromosomes as the body cells of the parents.

B) Stage X is formed by the process of meiosis and isknown as a gamete.

C) Stage X is a zygote and is formed as a result ofthe process of fertilization.

D) Stage X is formed by mitosis and is known as anegg cell.

17. The diagram below represents some stages that occur inthe formation of an embryo.

.Which statement best describes stage X?

A) forest B) oceanC) lake D) swamp

18. In which environment would internal fertilization occurin the greatest percentage of the species present?

19. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

A) implantation B) fertilizationC) gametogenesis D) gastrulation

Which process is represented by arrow A?

A) external fertilization and external developmentB) external fertilization and internal developmentC) internal fertilization and external developmentD) internal fertilization and internal development

20. Which are the most likely patterns of fertilization anddevelopment in a species of animal with the followingreproductive characteristics?

Number of eggs produced per year.......fewer than 20Size of eggs...............................................microscopicAmount of parental care..........................muchProcess which produces gametes...meiosis

A) a large amount of parental care of the offspringB) the production of a large number of eggsC) the embryo's direct nutritional dependence upon

the motherD) a habitat classified as a land environment

21. Organisms that reproduce by means of externalfertilization are usually characterized by

22. Base your answer to the following question on Which phrase best describes a process represented in thediagram below?

A) a zygote dividing by mitosis B) a zygote dividing by meiosisC) a gamete dividing by mitosis D) a gamete dividing by meiosis

A) fertilization B) meiosisC) differentiation D) cleavage

23. Which term describes the series of rapid cell divisionsthat occur immediately after zygote formation?

A) A B C D B) B A C DC) C B D A D) D B C A

24. Sexual reproduction involves the processes listedbelow.

Which sequence represents the order in which theseprocesses occur?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

25. The diagram below represents early stages of embryodevelopment.

The greatest amount of differentiation for organformation most likely occurs at arrow

A) fertilization and meiosisB) fertilization and differentiationC) mitosis and meiosisD) mitosis and differentiation

26. Tissues develop from a zygote as a direct result ofwhich of the following processes?

A) zygote stage B) blastula stageC) gastrula stage D) cleavage stage

27. A third cell layer in the human embryo is formed duringthe

A) fertilization ® cleavage ® differentiation ® growth

B) cleavage ® fertilization ® growth ® differentiation

C) growth ® cleavage ® fertilization ® differentiation

D) fertilization ® differentiation ® cleavage ® growth

28. Which sequence represents the correct order of eventsin the development of sexually reproducing animals?

A) yolk stored in the eggB) a placenta and an umbilical cordC) milk from mammary glandsD) unused sperm cells

29. What is the source of food for offspring developing inthe pouch of a marsupial?

A) remove nutrients from the fetusB) provide the fetus with metabolic wastesC) remove all toxins from the blood of the motherD) provide for the exchange of oxygen and carbon

dioxide

30. The diagram below represents one stage during thehuman reproductive process.

A function of structure A is to

A) placenta B) uterusC) yolk sac D) umbilical cord

31. In a rabbit, the embryo normally develops within the

A) there is a greater chance for genetic variationB) only one sperm is needed to fertilize the eggC) genes can pass directly from the mother to the

embryoD) the chance for zygote survival is increased

32. What is an advantage of internal fertilization anddevelopment over external fertilization anddevelopment?

Base your answers to questions 33 and 34 on the diagram below of a developing chicken embryo.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

33. Which structure is an embryonic membrane that provides a storage site for nitrogenous waste andfunctions in the exchange of respiratory gases?

A) A B) B C) E D) F

34. Which structure contains a fluid that protects the embryo from physical shock and prevents adhesion ofembryonic tissues to the shell?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

35. Two cellular events that normally occur during two processes are represented below.

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes in which these events occur?

A) The cells are produced by mitosis and contain allthe genetic information of the father.

B) If one of these cells fertilizes an egg, the offspringwill be identical to the father.

C) Each of these cells contains only half the geneticinformation necessary for the formation of anoffspring.

D) An egg fertilized by one of these cells will developinto a female with the same characteristics as themother.

36. Which statement concerning the reproductive cells inthe diagram below is correct?

A) gametes with many copies of the samechromosome

B) embryos with traits identical to those of all othermembers of the species

C) zygotes with the genetic information to produceonly females

D) offspring with some traits that did not appearin their parents

37. The sorting and recombining of genes during meiosisand fertilization usually leads to the production of

A) ovary – provides milk for newbornsB) testis – development of spermC) placenta – storage of released eggs D) uterus – produces estrogen

38. Which structure is correctly paired with its function?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

39. The human female reproductive system is representedbelow.

Which structure produces chemicals that regulate thereproductive cycle?

A) estrogen and testosteroneB) estrogen and progesteroneC) progesterone and insulinD) progesterone and testosterone

40. The reproductive cycle in females is regulated primarilyby

Base your answers to questions 41 and 42 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Thediagram represents the reproductive systems of the human female and male.

A) A B) G C) C D) F

41. In which structure do gametes usually unite to produce a zygote?

A) G B) B C) E D) D

42. In which structure would both mitosis and differentiation of an embryo occur?

A) reproductive hormonesB) egg cellC) placentaD) ovaries

43. Essential materials needed for development aretransported to a human fetus through the

A) sex cells B) hormonesC) natural selection D) immune responses

44. The reproductive cycle of a human is usually regulatedby

A) ovary B) oviductC) vagina D) uterus

45. The material that flows from the human femalereproductive tract during menstruation is produced bythe breakdown of the lining of the

46. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents some biochemical reactions involved in a cellular process.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

The molecule coded directly from DNA is represented by number

A) They act as a template for the synthesis of DNA.B) They carry information that determines the

sequence of amino acids.C) They remove amino acids from the nucleus.D) They carry specific enzymes for dehydration

synthesis.

47. In the synthesis of proteins, what is the function ofmessenger-RNA molecules?

A) codon B) geneC) polypeptide D) nucleotide

48. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in amessenger-RNA molecule is known as a

A) A-A-U B) G-G-TC) T-T-C D) U-U-A

49. If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains thebase sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transfer RNAbase sequence is

A) DNA, onlyB) Messenger RNA, onlyC) Transfer RNA, onlyD) DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA

50. Which of the following nucleic acids are composed ofnucleotides?

A) B)

C) D)

51. Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism?

A) DNA is produced from protein absorbed by thecell.

B) Protein is composed of DNA that is produced inthe cell.

C) DNA controls the production of protein in thecell.

D) Cells make DNA by digesting protein.

52. Which statement best expresses the relationshipbetween the three structures represented below?

A) carbohydrate B) geneC) ribosome D) chromosome

53. The diagram below shows some of the steps in proteinsynthesis?

The section of DNA being used to make the strand ofmRNA is known as a

A) recombination B) fertilizationC) replication D) mutation

54. Which nuclear process is represented below?

A) can replicate itselfB) can be very largeC) is found in cytoplasmD) is composed of subunits

55. Which characteristic distinguishes a DNA moleculefrom a protein molecule?

Answer KeyRandDFinalReview

1. A2. A3. B4. C5. C6. C7. B8. A9. D10. D11. B12. C13. B14. A15. A16. B17. C18. A19. B20. D21. B22. A23. D24. C25. D26. D27. C28. A29. C30. D31. B32. D33. A34. B35. A36. C

37. D38. B39. A40. B41. A42. D43. C44. B45. D46. A47. B48. A49. D50. D51. A52. C53. B54. C55. A