16 Fuel science and technology (fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation)

96iO1045 Toward sustainable product development Van Weenen, J. C. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (I), 95-100. The paper explores some environmental concepts and initiatives which influence the content of the new concept of sustainable product development.

96101046 systems

Towards sustainability indicator for production

Ragas, A. M. er al., J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 123-129. An important goal of (inter)national environmental policy is to realize a sustainable develooment. However, the implications of sustainability for society are not full) understood. The paper contributes to the interpreiation and elaboration of the concept of sustainability. It outlines a procedure to measure the sustainability of production systems. The method presented in this paper is not an instant recipe to measure sustainability. However, it indicates the social and scientific barriers that are to be overcome in order to understand, elaborate and measure sustainability.

96101047 Training for environmental technologies and envl- ronmental management Hale, M. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 19-23. During the past five to ten years, increased public and government atten- tion has been drawn to the harmful effects on the environment of business and industry. Consequently, legislation and encouragement in the form of incentives have acted to pressurize industry to review its practices and processes in connection with their effects on the environment. The paper reviews environmental technology and environmental management in rela- tion to sustainable development; describes the basic components of envi- ronmental management systems in relation to environmental technology; examines the tools available for monitoring and assessment (e.g. technol- ogy assessments, environmental impact analysis, environmental auditing etc.) and their training requirements; access the training requirements of chief executives, management and the workforce.

96101046 Under review. Ontario Hydro looks at security Green, B. J. and Kee, B. Nuclear Engng. Int., Dec. 1995, 40, (497), 45-46. A review of security at Ontario Hydro Nuclear sites was completed in 1995. The review process may be useful to utilities who want to review their own security programme.

96101049 Unlted States Postal Services’s environmental strategy of leadership and compliance Bravo, C. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 79-82. The United States Postal Service was faced with increased regulatory and organizational pressures caused by increasing environmental requirements and a massive reorganization in 1992. Moreover, states and local govern- ments were grantedauthority to impose fines and penalties on government facilities. The Postal Service responded to these challenges by implement- ing a new organization with the invironmental function placed in an opera- tions portion of the organization and by placing the environmental responsibility on line management. The paper describes the implementa- tion of a strategy of leadership and compliance which was developed by a cross-function team and endorsed by senior management.

96/01050 Ways to accelerate lmplementatlon of methane removal from underground workings Nowak, E. Przegl. Corn., 1995, 51, (l), 27-30. (In Polish) Discusses the feasibility of speeding up the process of implementing effec- tive methane drainage of longwall workings, and the methods developed for this purpose are given. Describes the siting and equipment of under- nround methane drainaee stations and methane drainane technoloaies for a bngwall retreating syitem with V or Y type ventlation and-also the schemes associated with this for location of drainage boreholes, so as to increase effectiveness of the process.

96/01051 Wettabllity of porous media after exposure to syn- thetic gasollnes Powers, S. E. and Tamblin, M. E. J. Contam. Hydrol., 1995, 19, (2), 105-125. Discusses the wettability of a porous medium which plays a critical role in the capillary phenomena governing the migration of a nonaqueous-phase liquid-and subsequent eff&ts to recover thi6 type of pollutan<source from the subsurface (NAPL). Although it is usually assumed that water-wetting conditions occur, limitkd field evidence at N&L sites suggests that wettaT bilitv characteristics can chanee to intermediate or oreanic-ohase wettine. especially for complex NAPL’s containing polar or &fact&tt molecule;: The focus of this paper was an assessment of potential wettability condi- tions for quartz mineral surfaces after exposure to synthetic gasolines.

96iOlO52 A worldwide view of HLW from Las Vegas Ireland, T. Nuclear Engng. Int., Nov. 1995, 40, (496), 47-48. A report on the 6th HLRWM conference held in Las Vegas earlier this year, which provided a good opportunity to compare the different approaches being taken to radioactive waste storage and disposal around the world.

96lOlQ53 The zero emlsslon combustion plant. A proposal for detalled conslderatlon Garav. P. N. Proc. Am. Power Co&. 1995. 57. (11. 280-283. Then yapsper discusses the theory of &o emissi&‘\;;hich is to eliminate nitrogen from the combustion process and greatly minimize NO. emis- sions. Air separation employed-to enhance the amount of oxygen in the furnace removes most of the nitrogen, and eventually results in a furance with an ambient atmosphere of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

16 FUEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Fundamental Science, Analysis, Instrumentation

96101054 ‘% NMR, micro-FTIR and fluorescence spectra, and

g yrolysls-gas chromatograms of coallfled foliage of late car- onlferous medullosan seed ferns, Nova Scotia, Canada: Impll-

cations for coallflcatlon and chemotaxonomy Lyons, P. C. et al., Int. J. Coal Geol., 1995, 27, (2), 227-248. The cuticles and cuticle-free compressions of three carboniferous medul- losan seed-fern leaf species were analyzed by elemental ‘“C NMR, micro- FITR and coal petrography techniques.

96101055 Analyzing ash residues Grese, R. P. and Edwards, M. D. Environ. Test. Anal., 1995, 4, (l), 36, 18-411. &sciibes the development of a method, slight1 modified from SW-846 Method 8260, to improve the analysis of boiler d y ash for volatile organic compounds in which the quantitation is improved by assigning internal standards on the basis of adsorptivity to the matrix rather than gas chroma- tography retention time. The method was developed by determining the adsorptive behaviour of specific analytes for a given matrix and then assigning the analytes to internal standards with similar absorptivity.

96101056 Appllcatlon of Infrared spectroscopy to the classlfl- cation of kerogen types and the thermogravlmetrlcally derived pyrolysis kinetics of oil shales Ballice, L. et al., Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1618-1623. In this study, the kerogen types of Goynuk, Beypazari oil shale from Tur- key and Timahdit oil shale from Morocco were defined by infrared spec- troscopy. Aliphatic, carboxyl/carbonyl and aromatic compounds were considered in order to classify the kerogen types. The IR-analysis result shows that the samples can be cIassified in kerogen evaluation path I for Goynuk, Timahdit oil shales and path II for Beyparzari oil shale. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of Goynuk, Beypazari and Timahdit oil shales have been studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The weight loss data have been analyzed by Coats-Redfern and Chen-Nuttall combina- tions. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition of the samples were determined and discussed.

96101057 Characterlzatlon of blnder pitches by proton mag- netic resonance thermal analvsls Buckley, A. N. et al., Light Met.. (Warrendale, PA), 1995, 567-571. Investigates the H-NMR thermal analysis as a means of characterizing rheology properties of a coal-tar pitch in relation to binder performance. A correlation was observed between intrinsic softenine temoerature. T.. and laboratory past rheology parameters, specifically thi prohuct of ihe’opti- mum pitch level and the torque associated with mixing the paste at this pitch level.

96101056 Characterization of hydropyrolysis chars by TGA, SEM and FT-lr spectroscopy Guell, A. V. et al., IChemE Rex Event 1st Eur. Cant Young Res. Chem. Eng., IIISI. Chem. Eng., Rugby, UK, 1995, 1, 210-212. Linby (UK) coal was hydropyrolyzed in a high-pressure wire-mesh reactor under pressures ranging from atmosphere to 150 bar. The chars obtained were characterized by TGA, SEM, and FAIR spectroscopy. Total volatile yields diminished rapidly at l-10 bar and then increased with increasing H, pressure. The downward trend in tar yields was not reversed with increas- ing H pressure up to 150 bar. Presents the structural characterization of the chars 6 y FTIR from atmospheric to 150 bars.

96101059 Characterization of the Goeynuek oil shale-derived asphaltenes and pre-asphaltenes by ‘H and ‘% nuclear mag- netic resonance and by gas chromatography Canel, M. et al., Fuel Process Technol., 1995, 43, (2), 111-122. Asphaltenes and preasphaltenes from Goeyneuk (Turkey) oil shale have been studied by gas chromatography and hydrogen and 13C NMR spectros- copy obtained by inverse gated heteronuclear decoupling pulse sequence. The study and quantitative determination of different types of hydrogen and carbon atoms present in the samples have shown that the oil shale- derived asphaltenes and preasphaltenes are composed basically of aliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins and a contribution, though less important, of aro- matic hydrocarbons.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996 63