1
03 Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels) 96/00220 Natural gas quality - The opportunlty for review Durham, T. The Australian Gas J., Oct. 1995, 59, (5), p. 22. A short article on the natural gas quality supplied to the markets in Australia. 96100221 Protlle: Allclae Enerav Ltd The Australian Gas J., Oc‘i 1995, S<-(5), p. 26. A profile of Queensland based Allaas Energy Ltd which is one of the State’s oldest existing companies, aid remains at the forefront of deliver- ing energy needs to the growth areas of Queensland, Australia. 96100222 Protlle: Auetrallan Gas Llght Company The Australian Gas J., Oct. 1995, 59, (5), p. 15. The corn any was established in 1837 to light the streets of Sydney town. Today, ti? e Company is among the 50 largest Australian companies by market capitalisation with assets of $1605 million and capital and reserves of $909 million, and employs over 2200 people. 96100223 The Rueelan natural gas ‘bubble’: Consequences for European gas markets Stern, J. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, 10 St James’s Sq., London SWIY 4LE, 02.50, 1995. 96100224 The web of Dutch aas research Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), No; 1995, 115, (ll), 34-37. (In Flemish) In its series ‘Gas research in the Netherlands’ published over the last few months, GAS has examined research carried oui by the energy sector. This issue alreadv nives some oreliminarv conclusions. Dutch eas research requires moie coordination.‘Academif gas research, in particllar, is scat- tered. NOW the Dutch government skimps on subsidies for energy research, it has to boost gas research in another way, for instance by streamlining the knowledge infrastructure and by promoting the co-operation between research institutes. Moreover, spearheads have to be formulated for Dutch gas research, incuding small-scale combined heat and power production. Derived Gaseous Fuels 96100225 The Buggenum power plant. Accompanying materials and reelduee (Netherlands) coal gaelflcatlon lnveetlgatlone of conetructlve Van Liere, J. et al., VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1995, 75, (1). 36-42. (In German) Discusses the current knowledge of construction materials used in coal gasification plants in the presence of highly reducing synthesis gases. Most metal alloys are used as heat exchangers for evaporation at 350-450”. Materials for gasification technology have been researched since the end of the 1970s; several commercial available materials were investigated. Also examined is the utilization of slag. 96100226 Coal gaslflcatlon and the power production market Howington, K. and Flandermeyer, G. Proc. Am. Power Conf, 1995, 57, (l), 356-361. The paper is a marketing analysis of the partial oxidation coal gasification orocesses emereine in the USA in resoonse to the market factors of the power product& hdustry. Gives a brie? history of these processes, includ- ing the results of recent projects exploring the feasibility of integrated gasification combined cycle as a power production alternative. 96100227 Coal gaslflcatlon passes another strategic mllestone Roll. M. Power. 1995. 139. (41. 81-83. The ‘paper discusses how la$e’;ingle-train, coal-gasification combined- cycle plan! allows continued use of locally mined, high-sulphur coal while d;ama&cally reducing SO, emissions. improved Gat rate, no ash or sulphur wastes are other pluses at the Wabash River power plant, West Terre Haute, Indiana. 96100228 Dlrectlons of energochemlcal processing of coal Sciazko, M. et al., Karbo-Energochem.-Ekol., 1995, 40, (l), 3-10. (In Polish) Describes coal processing technologies including pyrolysis and steam-oxy- gen gasification in Poland. 96100229 Dynamlce of surface oxygen complexes durlng carbon gaelflcatlon wlth oxygen Zhuang, Q. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4), 630-634. The dynamic behaviour of surface oxygen complexes formed during the gasification of carbon with isotopically labelled oxygen was studied by transient kinetics. The carbon sample used was prepared from phenol- formaldehyde resin. The surface oxygen complexes after the gasification were analyzed by temperature-programmed desorption. 96100230 Gaelflcatlon of black llquor char wlth steam at ele- vated pressures Whitty, K. er al., J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 1995, 21, (6), 5214-221. Discusses the kinetics of the gasification of black hquor char by steam by means of a pressurized thermogravimetric reactor over the range 600- 675”C, l-30 bar total pressure. The experiments were performed either with or without one of ihe reaction products present and -under conditions such that the film mass transfer and pore diffusion did not affect the overall rate. 96100231 An Improved process for H,SO, decompoeltlon step of the sulfur-lodlne cycle Ozturk, I. T. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmr., Jan. 1995, 36, (l), 11-21. The study resents a new design, and thermodynamic and engineering analyses o P the H,SO, decomposition section (Section II of the GA sulphur-iodine ducing cycle. T! ro&ss flow sheet) of the thermochemical hydrogen pro- ermodynamic (energy and exergy) and cost analyses have been carried out using thermodynamic data and costs in the literature. The results show that energetic and exergetic efficiencies are 76.0 and 75.6%, respectively, and the typical cost is 2.2$ (1990) per kmol SO, for 4$ (1990)iGJ nuclear heat cost. 96100232 lndlrect dehydrogenatlon routes Lange, J. P. Chem. Nouv., 1995, 13, (49), 1433-1436. The paper discusses CH, conversion to synthesis gas and subsequent CO hydrogenation to MeOh and hydrocarbons. 96100233 A method for fuel gaelflcatlon and an apparatus for performlng such a method Nakamura, S. et al., (Assigned to) Hitachi Lid; Babcock-Hitachi KK, EUR. Pal. EP.645,442, Mar. 1995. 96100234 Method for lowerlng hydrogen halide content In synthesls gas from the gaslflcatlon of carbonaceous materlale Mahagaokar, U. et al., (Assigned to) Shell Internationale Research Maar- schappij BV, PCT. Int. Pat. WO.95,13,340, May 1995. 96100235 Method for etlmulatln B a coal seam to enhance the recovery of methane from the co8 seam Palmer, I. D. and Edwards, P. (Assigned to) Amoco Corp., US Pat. lJS.5,419,396, May 1995. A process for increasing the methane recovery rate through a wellbore which penetrates a coal seam. The method utilizes the cavitation of the coal seam surrounding the wellbore after a substantial percentage of the original methane-in-place which is available for recovery from the wellbore was recovered from the coal seam. 96100236 Method for the recovery of coal bed methane Puri, R. and Yee, D. (Assigned to) Amoco Corp., PCT Int. Pat. WO.95,12,744, May 1995. Describes a method for increasing the production of methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation having a standard initial production rate of a methane-containing gas of X standard cubic metres per unit time. 96100237 Method for the recovery of coal bed methane wlth reduced Inert gas fraction In produced gas Yee, D. et al., (Assigned to) Amoco Corp., PCT Int. Pat. WO.95,12,743, May 1995. 96100236 Modelllng of an entralned flow coal gaelfler. 1. Development of the model and general predlctlone Vamvuka, D. et al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1452-1460. A one-dimensional, steady-state model for an entrained flow coal gasifier is developed, incorporating thermogravimetric analysis data on a bitumi- nous coal. The model is based on mass and energy balances, heterogeneous reaction rates and homogeneous gas-phase equilibria. The resulting set of non-linear mixed ordinary differential-implicit algebraic equations was solved by a modified Euler method in conjunction with a non-linear alge- braic equation solver. Temperature, reaction rate and composition profiles in a tubular gasifier were predicted at 0.1 and 2 MPa operating pressures, at constant feed rates. 96100239 Modelllng of an entralned flow coal gaelfler. 2. Effect of operatlng coidltlons on reactor performance Vamvuka, D. er al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1461-1465. The entrained flow .gasification model devdloded in Part 1 was used for parametric studies to provide a better understanding of the reactor perform- ance in terms of coal conversion, product gas composition, calorific value and temperature profiles throughout the reactor under various operating conditions (feed flow rate, particle size and system pressure). The results suggest that the critical parameters in gasification are the steam-to-coal and oxygen-to-coal feed ratios and the gasifier pressure. The maximum reactor temperature could be controlled by the concentration of steam in the feed, but its location was strongly dependent on pressure. In terms of throughput and calorific value of product gas, the performance of the gasifier would be improved with lower steam and oxygen feed rates and higher system pres- sure; in terms of conversion it would be improved with higher system pressure. 14 Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996

96/00228 Directions of energochemical processing of coal

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03 Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)

96/00220 Natural gas quality - The opportunlty for review Durham, T. The Australian Gas J., Oct. 1995, 59, (5), p. 22. A short article on the natural gas quality supplied to the markets in Australia.

96100221 Protlle: Allclae Enerav Ltd The Australian Gas J., Oc‘i 1995, S<-(5), p. 26.

A profile of Queensland based Allaas Energy Ltd which is one of the State’s oldest existing companies, aid remains at the forefront of deliver- ing energy needs to the growth areas of Queensland, Australia.

96100222 Protlle: Auetrallan Gas Llght Company The Australian Gas J., Oct. 1995, 59, (5), p. 15.

The corn any was established in 1837 to light the streets of Sydney town. Today, t i? e Company is among the 50 largest Australian companies by market capitalisation with assets of $1605 million and capital and reserves of $909 million, and employs over 2200 people.

96100223 The Rueelan natural gas ‘bubble’: Consequences for European gas markets Stern, J. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, 10 St James’s Sq., London SWIY 4LE, 02.50, 1995.

96100224 The web of Dutch aas research Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), No; 1995, 115, (ll), 34-37. (In Flemish) In its series ‘Gas research in the Netherlands’ published over the last few months, GAS has examined research carried oui by the energy sector. This issue alreadv nives some oreliminarv conclusions. Dutch eas research requires moie coordination.‘Academif gas research, in particllar, is scat- tered. NOW the Dutch government skimps on subsidies for energy research, it has to boost gas research in another way, for instance by streamlining the knowledge infrastructure and by promoting the co-operation between research institutes. Moreover, spearheads have to be formulated for Dutch gas research, incuding small-scale combined heat and power production.

Derived Gaseous Fuels

96100225 The Buggenum power plant. Accompanying materials and reelduee

(Netherlands) coal gaelflcatlon lnveetlgatlone of conetructlve

Van Liere, J. et al., VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1995, 75, (1). 36-42. (In German) Discusses the current knowledge of construction materials used in coal gasification plants in the presence of highly reducing synthesis gases. Most metal alloys are used as heat exchangers for evaporation at 350-450”. Materials for gasification technology have been researched since the end of the 1970s; several commercial available materials were investigated. Also examined is the utilization of slag.

96100226 Coal gaslflcatlon and the power production market Howington, K. and Flandermeyer, G. Proc. Am. Power Conf, 1995, 57, (l), 356-361. The paper is a marketing analysis of the partial oxidation coal gasification orocesses emereine in the USA in resoonse to the market factors of the power product& hdustry. Gives a brie? history of these processes, includ- ing the results of recent projects exploring the feasibility of integrated gasification combined cycle as a power production alternative.

96100227 Coal gaslflcatlon passes another strategic mllestone Roll. M. Power. 1995. 139. (41. 81-83. The ‘paper discusses how la$e’;ingle-train, coal-gasification combined- cycle plan! allows continued use of locally mined, high-sulphur coal while d;ama&cally reducing SO, emissions. improved Gat rate, no ash or sulphur wastes are other pluses at the Wabash River power plant, West Terre Haute, Indiana.

96100228 Dlrectlons of energochemlcal processing of coal Sciazko, M. et al., Karbo-Energochem.-Ekol., 1995, 40, (l), 3-10. (In Polish) Describes coal processing technologies including pyrolysis and steam-oxy- gen gasification in Poland.

96100229 Dynamlce of surface oxygen complexes durlng carbon gaelflcatlon wlth oxygen Zhuang, Q. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4), 630-634. The dynamic behaviour of surface oxygen complexes formed during the gasification of carbon with isotopically labelled oxygen was studied by transient kinetics. The carbon sample used was prepared from phenol- formaldehyde resin. The surface oxygen complexes after the gasification were analyzed by temperature-programmed desorption.

96100230 Gaelflcatlon of black llquor char wlth steam at ele- vated pressures Whitty, K. er al., J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 1995, 21, (6), 5214-221. Discusses the kinetics of the gasification of black hquor char by steam by means of a pressurized thermogravimetric reactor over the range 600- 675”C, l-30 bar total pressure. The experiments were performed either with or without one of ihe reaction products present and -under conditions such that the film mass transfer and pore diffusion did not affect the overall rate.

96100231 An Improved process for H,SO, decompoeltlon step of the sulfur-lodlne cycle Ozturk, I. T. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmr., Jan. 1995, 36, (l), 11-21. The study resents a new design, and thermodynamic and engineering analyses o P the H,SO, decomposition section (Section II of the GA sulphur-iodine ducing cycle. T!

ro&ss flow sheet) of the thermochemical hydrogen pro- ermodynamic (energy and exergy) and cost analyses have

been carried out using thermodynamic data and costs in the literature. The results show that energetic and exergetic efficiencies are 76.0 and 75.6%, respectively, and the typical cost is 2.2$ (1990) per kmol SO, for 4$ (1990)iGJ nuclear heat cost.

96100232 lndlrect dehydrogenatlon routes Lange, J. P. Chem. Nouv., 1995, 13, (49), 1433-1436. The paper discusses CH, conversion to synthesis gas and subsequent CO hydrogenation to MeOh and hydrocarbons.

96100233 A method for fuel gaelflcatlon and an apparatus for performlng such a method Nakamura, S. et al., (Assigned to) Hitachi Lid; Babcock-Hitachi KK, EUR. Pal. EP.645,442, Mar. 1995.

96100234 Method for lowerlng hydrogen halide content In synthesls gas from the gaslflcatlon of carbonaceous materlale Mahagaokar, U. et al., (Assigned to) Shell Internationale Research Maar- schappij BV, PCT. Int. Pat. WO.95,13,340, May 1995.

96100235 Method for etlmulatln B

a coal seam to enhance the recovery of methane from the co8 seam Palmer, I. D. and Edwards, P. (Assigned to) Amoco Corp., US Pat. lJS.5,419,396, May 1995. A process for increasing the methane recovery rate through a wellbore which penetrates a coal seam. The method utilizes the cavitation of the coal seam surrounding the wellbore after a substantial percentage of the original methane-in-place which is available for recovery from the wellbore was recovered from the coal seam.

96100236 Method for the recovery of coal bed methane Puri, R. and Yee, D. (Assigned to) Amoco Corp., PCT Int. Pat. WO.95,12,744, May 1995. Describes a method for increasing the production of methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation having a standard initial production rate of a methane-containing gas of X standard cubic metres per unit time.

96100237 Method for the recovery of coal bed methane wlth reduced Inert gas fraction In produced gas Yee, D. et al., (Assigned to) Amoco Corp., PCT Int. Pat. WO.95,12,743, May 1995.

96100236 Modelllng of an entralned flow coal gaelfler. 1. Development of the model and general predlctlone Vamvuka, D. et al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1452-1460. A one-dimensional, steady-state model for an entrained flow coal gasifier is developed, incorporating thermogravimetric analysis data on a bitumi- nous coal. The model is based on mass and energy balances, heterogeneous reaction rates and homogeneous gas-phase equilibria. The resulting set of non-linear mixed ordinary differential-implicit algebraic equations was solved by a modified Euler method in conjunction with a non-linear alge- braic equation solver. Temperature, reaction rate and composition profiles in a tubular gasifier were predicted at 0.1 and 2 MPa operating pressures, at constant feed rates.

96100239 Modelllng of an entralned flow coal gaelfler. 2. Effect of operatlng coidltlons on reactor performance Vamvuka, D. er al., Fuel, Oct. 1995, 74, (lo), 1461-1465. The entrained flow .gasification model devdloded in Part 1 was used for parametric studies to provide a better understanding of the reactor perform- ance in terms of coal conversion, product gas composition, calorific value and temperature profiles throughout the reactor under various operating conditions (feed flow rate, particle size and system pressure). The results suggest that the critical parameters in gasification are the steam-to-coal and oxygen-to-coal feed ratios and the gasifier pressure. The maximum reactor temperature could be controlled by the concentration of steam in the feed, but its location was strongly dependent on pressure. In terms of throughput and calorific value of product gas, the performance of the gasifier would be improved with lower steam and oxygen feed rates and higher system pres- sure; in terms of conversion it would be improved with higher system pressure.

14 Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996