INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERSAND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

SBCreated By: Sachin Bhalavat

(Elect. & Comm. Engg.) profspbhalavat@gmail.com

AGENDA

What are embedded systems? How do we implement them?

What is a microcontroller? Developing embedded

applications using MCU’s.SB

EMBEDDED SYSTEMSAn embedded system

is a special purpose system that is used to perform one or few dedicated functions.

Simply, we can call any electronic device that has a computer system embedded inside it an embedded system.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (CONT.)

Embedded systems are made to perform few tasks only, after implementation you can’t use them for another purposes.

Ex. You can’t watch movies using the microprocessor of your microwave oven!!

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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS EXAMPLESDigital and analog televisionsSet-top boxes (DVDs, VCRs, Cable boxes)Personal digital assistants (PDAs)MP3’s and iPod'sKitchen appliances

(refrigerators ,microwave ovens)Telephones/cell phonesCamerasGlobal Positioning Systems And many

others.

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WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?

It’s a full computer system on a chip, even if its resources are far more limited than of a desktop personal computer.

Designed for stand alone operations.

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A microcontroller has a processor and many peripherals integrated with it on the same chip, like a flash memory, RAM, I/O ports, serial communication ports, ADC …Etc.

WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER? (CONT.)

SBA Timer Module to allow the MCU to perform tasks for

certain time periods.A Serial I/O Port to allow data to flow between the MC

and other devices such as a PC or another MCU.An ADC to allow the MCU to accept analog inputs for

processing.But a microprocessor can’t do all the functions of a

computer system on its own, and needs another circuits to support it like:

I/O devices, RAM, ROM, DMA controllers, Timers, ADC, LCD drivers.. Etc.

So.. What’s the difference between a microcontroller and a microprocessor system?

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COMPARISON :Sr. NO.

Microprocessor Microcontroller

1. A microprocessor is a chip that dependent on the chip of many function.

A microcontroller is a single chip micro computer that has everything in-built

2. A mp contain ALU register and control circuit

A contains the circuitry of a MP and has built in RAM, ROM, I/O devices, timers and counter

3. It has few bit manipulation instruction.

It has many bit manipulation instruction

4. It has less number of multifunctional pins

It has more number of multifunctional pins.

5. They have large memory address space.

They have small memory address space.

6. Design is very flexible. Design is less flexible.

7. MP based system required more hardware

MC based system required less hardware

8. Access time for memory and I/O devices are more

Less access time for built-in memory and I/O devices

9. The clock rates are very fast. The clock rate are relatively slow

10.

They are expensive . They are cheap

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POPULAR MICROCONTROLLERS

8051 (Intel and others)

80386 EX (Intel)PIC (Microchip)68HC05 (Motorola)Z8 (Zilog) SB